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1.
大鹏湾深水网箱养殖区的污损生物研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
大鹏湾位于南海北部,属半封闭海湾,目前有各种类型网箱60多个。本试验于大鹏湾的深水抗风浪网箱养殖区投放试验挂板,以测定污损生物的附着状况,并利用Shannon—Wiener指数进行群落的多样性分析,试验周期为1年。共记录污损生物53种,月平均附着生物量为277．37g／m^2,最高在9月份;季度平均生物量为4497．18g／m^2,最高在冬季;垂直分布方面,最高生物量在1～2m水层。全年各月均有污损生物附着,优势种是网纹藤壶,其次是多室草苔虫、翡翠贻贝和变化短齿蛤。种类的多样性指数(H′)和均匀度(J)均以春季为最高,冬季最低;种类丰度(d)则以秋季最高,春季最低;优势度(I)则以冬季最大,春季最小。 相似文献
2.
在南沙美济礁开展了合浦珠母珠贝吊养试验,试验设计了1.5、2.5m和6.5m3个不同的养殖水深。养殖60d后,测量合浦珠母贝的壳长、壳高和壳宽,统计成活数,计算3个性状指标的特定生长率,比较不同水深合浦珠母珠贝的特定生长率和存活率。试验结果表明,吊养水深对壳宽特定生长率的影响不显著(P0.05),而吊养水深对壳长特定生长率和壳高特定生长率有显著影响(P0.05),6.5m水深的壳长特定生长率(1.10±0.11)%/d和壳高特定生长率(0.92±0.16)%/d均显著高于1.5m的壳长特定生长率(0.82±0.13)%/d和壳高特定生长率(0.50±0.08)%/d;吊养水深对合浦珠母贝的成活率也有显著影响(P0.05),吊养在6.5 m的深度条件下成活率最高(95.00±1.63)%,2.5m水层次之,而在1.5m水深合浦珠母贝的成活率最低(43.25±5.38)%。综合特定生长率和成活率数据可知,在深远海吊养合浦珠母贝时6.5m水深较适合。 相似文献
3.
不同贝龄栉孔扇贝数量性状的相关性和通径分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
为深入了解栉孔扇贝形态性状与湿重之间的关系,为栉孔扇贝选育工作中亲贝的挑选提供策略,本研究使用来自同一家系的栉孔扇贝子代324只一龄个体以及生长到二龄的230只个体的性状数据进行通径分析。性状数据包括壳长(x_1/cm),壳高(x_2/cm),壳宽(x_3/cm),湿重(y/g)。结果显示,所有形态性状和湿重之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平。其中与一龄贝湿重相关系数最大的是壳长,为0.939,与二龄贝湿重相关系数最大的是壳高,为0.808。通径分析结果显示,壳长对一龄贝湿重的直接影响最大(0.532),壳高对一龄贝湿重的直接影响最小(0.163)。壳高对二龄贝湿重的直接影响最大(0.451),壳长对二龄贝湿重的直接影响最小(0.191),决定系数与以上通径分析结果的变化趋势一致。利用多元回归的方法构建了一龄贝和二龄贝形态性状与湿重间的回归方程,一龄贝:y=–10.527+0.287x_1+0.087x_2+0.409x_3,R~2=0.926;二龄贝:y=–68.609+0.254x_1+0.719x_2+2.008x_3,R~2=0.830。本研究结果为栉孔扇贝种贝的挑选提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
为了研究黑壳病造成马氏珠母贝肉成份的变化,首先采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取正常马氏珠母贝和黑壳病马氏珠母贝肉的挥发性成份进行分析,正常马氏珠母贝肉检测出58种,黑壳病贝肉检测出59种。但黑壳病贝肉中仅有7种化合物与正常贝肉的挥发性成分相同。在黑壳病贝中,含量较高的成分有二十一烷和十八醛,分别为18.52%和17.95%,但在正常贝肉未检出。其次,采用茚三酮作柱后衍生试剂测定氨基酸的方法检测正常马氏珠母贝和患黑壳病的马氏珠母贝肉中牛磺酸的含量,结果分别为72.47mg/g、72.75mg/g,牛磺酸含量基本一致。通过分析黑壳病引起马氏珠母贝体内挥发性成分和牛黄酸成分变化,为研究马氏珠母贝患黑壳病的病变机理提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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6.
舟山深水网箱污损生物季节性变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2006年7月～2007年5月对浙江舟山秀山岛和长峙岛海区深水网箱污损生物进行附着试验,揭示2个海区网箱主要污损生物种类、生物量和附着密度的月变化特征。试验得出污损生物的种类主要有水螅虫（Hydra vulgaris）、海葵（Actina sp．）、麦杆虫（Caprella kroyeri）、钩虾（Gammarus sp．）、藤壶（Balanus sp．）、贻贝（Mytilus edulis）、牡蛎（0sfrea sp．）、孔石莼（Ulva pertusa）、浒苔（Enteromorpha sp．）等及其生物量和附着密度。通过试验结果对比分析,得出了污损生物附着的月变化特征,7—11月份污损生物特别是大型藻类繁殖生长达到最盛期;11月份过后随着气温的降低,孔石莼和太平洋侧花海葵（Anthopleura pacifica）等污损生物生物量开始逐渐减少;次年3～4月份后随着气温的升高,麦杆虫、太平洋侧花海葵、强壮藻钩虾（Ampithoe valita）等污损生物牛物量又逐渐增加。 相似文献
7.
2013年9月-2014年9月在渤海海域进行了污损生物挂板试验,共记录污损生物24种,以温带种和广温种为主,优势种是多棘麦秆虫(Caprella acanthogaster)、日本大螯蜚(Grandidierellajaponica)、理石叶钩虾(Jassa marmorata)、拟钩虾(Gammaropsis sp.)等.季板分析结果显示,表层季板的平均生物量为1764.23 g/m2,中层季板的平均生物量为2322.31 g/m2.试验海域全年均有污损生物附着,但种类和附着量季节性差异明显,污损生物附着盛期为夏季和秋季.污损生物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Margalef丰富度指数(d)秋季最高.多元统计分析表明,污损生物群落按时间可分为3个群落类型,反映出渤海海域污损生物群落的季节变化明显.相关性分析显示,表层和中层试板污损生物的生物量与水温具有显著的相关性,相关系数分别为0.959和0.986(P＜0.01). 相似文献
8.
对网笼养殖的栉孔扇贝壳上污损生物的数量进行了研究,发现9～11月贝壳上污损生物的湿重分别为1．47、0．49和2．09g,与上壳重的比值分别为28．16％、10．24％和31．29％。通过在栉孔扇贝上壳添加上壳干重0．5、1、2和3倍重的水泥,用以模拟附着在扇贝壳上的污损生物,设不添加水泥的对照组,对贝壳上污损生物的重量对栉孔扇贝生长和存活的影响进行了研究。结果表明,实验组扇贝壳长、闭壳肌和剩余软体组织的特定增长率及存活率与对照组均没有显著差异（P〉0．05）,说明贝壳上的污损生物的重量没有影响扇贝的生长和存活。 相似文献
9.
为深入了解不同壳色合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)形态性状与体重间的关系,为亲贝的选择提供策略,本研究使用合浦珠母贝传统壳色、金壳色、白壳色、红壳色和黑壳色5种壳色选育系F6各1000只个体的性状数据进行通径分析和聚类分析。测量的性状包括壳长(SL,mm)、壳高(SH,mm)、壳宽(SW,mm)、绞合线长(HL,mm)和体重(BW,g)。结果显示,5种壳色合浦珠母贝所有形态性状与体重间的相关系数均达到极显著(P0.01)。通径分析表明,壳长对传统壳色和白壳色贝体重的直接影响最大,壳高对金壳色和红壳色贝体重的直接影响最大,壳宽对黑壳色贝体重的直接影响最大。利用多元回归方法构建不同壳色合浦珠母贝形态性状与体重(BW,g)间的回归方程,其中传统壳色:BW=-24.999+0.467SL+0.387SH-0.259SW+0.244HL;金壳色:BW=-38.661+0.305SL+0.477SH+0.242SW+0.375HL;白壳色:BW=-4.130+0.332SL+0.300SH-0.307SW+0.088HL;红壳色:BW=-27.307+0.327SL+0.321SH+0.252SW+0.305HL;黑壳色:BW=-40.921+0.278SL+0.335SH+1.076SW+0.269HL。聚类分析显示,传统壳色与金壳色形态特征相近,而白壳色、红壳色和黑壳色形态特征相近。 相似文献
10.
利用我国南方紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina)与大亚湾马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensi)进行不同比例混养,探讨了紫海胆对马氏珠母贝贝体和养殖网笼污损生物的防除效果,以及紫海胆和马氏珠母贝的生长状况。试验设混养组(PA3、PA6、PA9)和对照组(P),即在养殖马氏珠母贝30只/层的基础上,分别混养紫海胆3、6、9、0个/层;另设紫海胆单养组(A3、A6、A9),养殖密度分别为3、6、9个/层。试验结果显示：各混养组及P组间马氏珠母贝的存活率无显著差异(P>0.05),混养组紫海胆的存活率均接近100%,组间无显著差异(P>0.05);PA6、PA9组马氏珠母贝的特定生长率大于P组(P<0.05),而PA3组与P组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);就马氏珠母贝的壳长日平均增长率而言,PA3、PA9组与P组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但PA6组显著大于P组和PA3组(P<0.05);PA6、PA9组马氏珠母贝的肥满度显著大于P组(P<0.05),PA3组与P组间无显著差异(P>0.05);混养与单养各组之... 相似文献
11.
选择环境安静,水质清新,水面开阔的库湾设置网箱(2 a=10 mm)养殖牛蛙,放养体重50~100 g的牛蛙160~200只/m2,100 g以上的牛蛙80~100只/m2,探索解决牛蛙常规养殖存在的污染环境和疾病严重等问题。结果表明:牛蛙的成活率为94.3%,日均增重1.33~2.97 g,网箱新增产值178元/m2,显著高于牛蛙常规养殖和鱼塘网箱养殖效益,为牛蛙养殖和综合提高水体养殖效益提供新的发展途径。 相似文献
12.
我国利用网箱养殖虹鳟的试验和生产规模正在扩大,水平正在提高。本文报导1988年在黑龙江水产研究所渤海冶水性鱼试验站进行的网箱养殖虹鳟的试验方法与结果。 相似文献
13.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):133-142
Abstract Attempts to rear summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, in net pens have suffered from high mortality during the month after fish were transferred from a nursery facility to pens. We investigated whether exposing summer flounder to increased (and constant) current velocity in the nursery stage would condition them for better performance in cages. Three experiments were conducted with different water velocities in tanks, using fish of 124±4 g (exposed to 0, 15, or 30 cm/sec for 60 d), 257±12 g (exposed to 0, 20, or 40 cm/sec for 60 d) and 387±13 g (exposed to 0, 15, or 30 cm/sec for 30 d), in a raceway system with adjustable paddlewheels. For all of the size groups of fish, survival was significantly reduced at the highest current velocity. For both 124-g and 257-g fish, growth in the medium-velocity treatment was significantly better than that in the control (0 cm/sec) treatment, which in turn was better than that in the high-velocity treatment. For 387-g fish, growth at medium velocity was significantly greater than that at high velocity; control fish were lost due to a system malfunction. Food consumption data from the 257-g fish showed that the fish in medium velocity grew most because they consumed significantly more food during the experiment than did fish in the control, which in turn consumed significantly more than fish in high velocity. Similarly, 387-g fish in medium velocity consumed the most food, but the difference was not significant in this case. At the end of the laboratory experiment with 124-g fish, fish from the control and medium-velocity treatments were moved to cages in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, where currents of about 1 knot (approx. 55 cm/second) are routine. After three weeks in the cages, no significant differences in survival were observed (control = 83±12%; medium velocity = 81±2%). Subsequent damage to some of the cages and escapement of the fish precluded further statistical analysis of survival, as well as any growth measurements. At the end of the laboratory experiment with 387-g fish, fish from medium- and high-velocity treatments were moved to the cages; however, survival in this case was very low (<10% in all cages), perhaps due to heavy waves from an offshore hurricane. We conclude that current velocities of 15-20 cm/second in the nursery improve growth of juvenile summer flounder, that current velocities of 30-40 cm/second are excessive, but that increased current velocity in the nursery does not improve fish survival upon transfer to cages. 相似文献
14.
东海有尾类数量分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°N、118°30′~128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,探讨了东海有尾类数量分布和季节变化。结果表明:秋季有尾类丰度最高,均值为149 ind/100m3,夏季38 ind/100m3,冬季20 ind/100m3,春季9 ind/100m3;有尾类数量在冬春夏季与水温和盐度相关关系不显著,秋季与表温有显著的正相关关系。有尾类数量季节变化机制具有暖水种的特征,这些特征形成与其优势种适温适盐特性有密切的关系。东海有尾类的数量波动,与东海暖流势力消长有密切的联系,也同暖流势力从夏到秋季维持一段时间有密切的关系。在东海,暖流势力较强的海域往往可以成为有尾类高丰度分布区域。秋季有尾类高分布区出现,对东海北部外海绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis)渔场和东海南部的带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)和日本鲭(Scom ber japonicus)等多种经济鱼类渔场的形成有重要意义。 相似文献
15.
Vasant Kripa Kolliyil S. Mohamed Tharammal S. Velayudhan 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(4):514-525
Biofouling on the periostracum of pearl oysters and on the cages has been considered as a stress factor causing mortality of the farmed stock, reducing growth rates and also affecting pearl quality. In farming experiments using the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, at Kollam Bay (India), biofouling was found to be a problem. This study was conducted to understand the effect of fouling on the mortality of pearl oysters kept in suspended culture, to identify the main foulers, the seasonal variation in biofouling and species successions in the community with reference to abiotic factors. The average monthly mortality rate (MR) was estimated as 0.117 ± 0.002 and the monthly variations were significantly different (P < 0.01). The total fouling (0.163 ± 0.002 g/g oyster) and biofouling weights (0.166 ± 0.007 g/g oyster) were high in December when the fouling community was composed of several species and dominated by the ascidian, Didemnum sp. December was also the period when the MRs peaked indicating that this organism was the main cause of mortality in pearl farms in Kollam Bay. A clear seasonality in the fouling community (25 species belonging to nine phyla) has been observed in the present study. On the basis of this study, monthly cleaning of oysters is advocated except during December, January, and March when the cleaning should be fortnightly. 相似文献
16.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,262(2-4):289-301
Growth of fouling organisms on suspended fish cages is an impediment to aquaculture projects in coastal waters around the world. The present study characterized ecological succession of fouling communities on the netting of fish cages at an open ocean aquaculture site 10 km east of New Hampshire, USA in the western Gulf of Maine. Ecological succession can be defined as the process by which a community moves from a simple level of organization to a more complex community. Routine cleaning of the cages causes loss of organisms and initiation of ecological succession. Experimental panels of nylon net material were deployed at different times of the year and for different durations from September 2002 to September 2003 (eleven sets of 1-month panels, four sets of 3-month panels, two sets of 6-month panels, and one set of 1-year panels), with four replicates of each deployment. Panels were randomly arranged on a grid that was attached to a fish cage at a water depth of ∼ 15 m. There were substantial and significant differences in density and biomass of the total communities of most successional sequences when comparing panels deployed during May–September to those deployed during the cooler months, October–April. However, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, dominated in density and biomass in almost every sequence, regardless of time of initiation or duration. Other species that occurred in high numbers and/or biomass were the amphipods Caprella sp. and Jassa marmorata, the molluscs Hiatella arctica and Anomia sp., the seastar Asterias vulgaris, and the anemone Metridium senile. Juveniles and adults of some species were also present in some early (1-month) successional sequences, indicating that migration may be an important process in community development. Some of the dominant species listed above were present in all successional stages (early, intermediate and late), differing only in relative abundances in the community. The consistent dominance of M. edulis, and other differences in successional patterns compared to what has been typically observed for epifaunal communities in the region, were hypothesized to be the result of a combination of factors: a lack of predators such as seastars and fish that typically consume mussels in natural communities, excessive predation by nudibranchs on those species (e.g., Tubularia sp.) normally abundant in early successional stages, year-round availability of mussel larvae, and cage cleaning protocols that do not remove all the organisms present. The introduction of predatory fishes or seastars into or onto the cages might provide some amount of control on the growth of fouling organisms. 相似文献
17.
安宁河浮游动物资源现状及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解安宁河浮游动物资源现状,于2015年7月至2016年6月进行了安宁河支流的周年调查,并分别于雨季和旱季增加了安宁河干支流的两次调查。通过调查分析共检出浮游动物3门33属47种,其中以原生动物和轮虫居多,桡足类较少。全年优势种为普通表壳虫(Arcella vulgaris)、无棘匣壳虫(Centropyxis ecornis)、球形砂壳虫(Difflugia globulosa)和长圆砂壳虫(D.oblonga)。安宁河支流浮游动物平均密度和生物量分别为4.704 ind./L和0.002 4 mg/L。浮游动物密度以3月和5月最高,8月最低;生物量以5月最高,1月最低。干流雨季和旱季浮游动物的密度和生物量都显著低于支流。大多数环境因子在不同月份间呈现出显著性差异。本研究表明,安宁河支流浮游动物的丰度呈现明显的周年变化,主要与水深和p H等环境因子相关;雨季和旱季安宁河浮游动物丰度支流明显高于干流,主要与溶氧和水深等环境因子相关。 相似文献
18.
根据鲍的生活习性,总结国内外养鲍设施特点,自行研发新型竖排式网箱。通过在港湾海域进行新型竖排式网箱的养鲍试验,对养鲍过程中网箱内饵料分布、附着生物情况进行研究,并与传统挂笼养殖模式对比分析。结果表明:新型网箱养殖过程中采用平潮点倾倒法投喂龙须菜或海带,鲍匍匐基内的饵料占比分别为:龙须菜约30.4%,海带约36.7%,均高于其它投喂方式。经过9个月的养殖,网目为1 cm的竖排网箱中的鲍最终体重为(29.1±6.17)g,存活率为60.5%,传统挂笼中鲍体重为(22.8±7.93)g,存活率为33.5%,新型网箱养殖效果显著优于传统挂笼(P0.05);不同网衣规格的网箱表面附着生物附着量无显著性差异(P0.05),但均显著大于传统挂笼组(P0.05),进入夏季后,网箱中附着生物的生物量和丰富度都有显著增加。与传统挂笼相比,新型竖排式网箱具有水体交换好、操作简单、节省劳力、存活率高等优点。 相似文献
19.
M. Vetemaa R. Eschbaum A. Verliin A. Albert M. Eero R. Lillemägi M. Pihlak T. Saat 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(2):211-220
Abstract – Matsalu Bay in the Väinameri (West-Estonian Archipelago Sea) is a relatively shallow but large bay. It is the only real delta estuary in the northern Baltic Sea. The fish fauna is strongly dominated by freshwater species such as perch Perca fluviatilis , roach Rutilus rutilus , white bream Blicca bjoerkna and rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus . The study presents CPUE data describing annual and seasonal variations in the species composition, abundance and spatial distribution, based on 1 year of monthly samplings from August 2001 to August 2002 and routine coastal monitoring (in late July–early August) between 1994 and 2003. The bay can be divided into three rather distinct parts. The fish fauna of the inner part (salinity 0–2 p.p.t.) is different from two open parts and resembles that of freshwater lakes. In the openmost part (salinity usually 4–6 p.p.t.) some marine species, such as herring Clupea harengus membras , flounder Platichthys flesus and eelpout Zoarces viviparus may seasonally be abundant. Species composition and abundance of most species varies seasonally and interannually. Only the abundance of few species such as pike Esox lucius and pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca was not impacted by seasonality. The most dynamic period in the bay is spring, when several species (some of them very rare in summer, such as herring and smelt Osmerus eperlanus ) enter the bay for spawning. 相似文献