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通过对斑尾刺鰕虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)肠道内岐口福斯特吸虫(Faustula qikouensis)种群动态的研究发现,随着宿主体长的增加,其平均密度、感染强度及感染率均呈上升趋势;在宿主体长小于26.5cm时,其种群平均拥挤度、扩散性指标随着鱼体长的增加而增大,分布参数k值则呈减小趋势。在夏、秋、冬季,吸虫在宿主体内的感染率、平均密度和平均感染强度变化不大,但在春季均显著增加。频率分布表明,大量的岐口福斯特吸虫寄生于少数宿主肠道内,多数宿主感染少量的岐口福斯特吸虫;岐口福斯特吸虫种群在不同体长的宿主和不同季节均呈聚集性分布。 相似文献
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调查白斑狗鱼眼内寄生的复口吸虫的流行病学,为白斑狗鱼养殖过程中的疾病防治提供基础性资料。2009年至2014年在中国境内的额尔齐斯河8次采样获得263尾白斑狗鱼,统计分析复口吸虫在白斑狗鱼各体长组中的频率分布及空间分布特点。结果表明:复口吸虫一年四季均可感染白斑狗鱼,感染率从春季到冬季逐渐升高,冬季达到峰值;平均感染强度则在冬季最高,夏季次之,春秋两季均低;总感染率为34.98%,平均感染强度为10.74只/尾;感染率随宿主体长增加而上升,但是在体长50 cm时,感染率最低,为4.17%;平均感染强度随宿主体长的增加也呈逐渐上升的趋势;方均比在各体长段均大于1,呈聚集分布,且聚集度随鱼体长增加而增加。 相似文献
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解剖检查了58尾体长在35.0cm以下的长吻Wei，统计表明，宿主感染鳔等睾吸虫的感染率为25．9％，平均感染强度是3．5。在15.0cm以下的长吻Wei体内未检出鳔等睾吸虫。鳔等睾吸虫由2．0－10．0mm的虫体组成，在宿主种群中呈聚集分布，宿主染虫较多时对其正常生长有明显的影响。 相似文献
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额尔齐斯河粘鲈感染复口吸虫的种群动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对额尔齐斯河粘鲈(Acerina cernua)的取样调查研究,揭示了其感染复口吸虫(Diplostomum)的种群生态学的部分特点。2009年4月至2013年4月随机选取额尔齐斯河河段内的北屯、哈巴河为采样点进行采样调查。共采集解剖体长5~13 cm粘鲈129尾。结果表明,复口吸虫的总感染率为38.76%,平均感染强度为16.06±30.85,感染0、1~5、6~10、11~15、16~20和20只以上复口吸虫的粘鲈占粘鲈总数的比率分别为61.24%、24.03%、3.88%、1.55%、1.55%和7.75%。复口吸虫感染率和感染强度随着粘鲈体长的变化而发生变化:感染率在13 cm以上的粘鲈中达到最大,为80%;平均感染强度在11 cm≤L13 cm范围内最大。感染强度在体长段5 cmL≤7 cm与9 cmL≤11 cm和11 cmL≤13 cm之间存在显著性差异。复口吸虫种群在宿主不同体长段中的分布类型均为聚集分布,且聚集强度随宿主体长的变化而发生变化。 相似文献
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额尔齐斯河温氏指环虫的种群生态学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年4月至2010年1月对额尔齐斯河(中国段)东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)鳃部寄生的温氏指环虫(Dactylogyrus wunderi Bychowsky)进行了取样调查,以期了解温氏指环虫的种群生态学特点。结果表明,温氏指环虫的总感染率为12.92%,平均感染强度为5.70(1～19)。感染率、感染强度在不同体长组的宿主中表现出不同的变化趋势,随着宿主体长(L)的增大,温氏指环虫的感染率在35cm以上的宿主中达到最大,为50%,而平均感染强度在20≤L<25的体长范围内最小,为1.75;温氏指环虫种群在不同体长组宿主中的分布类型主要为聚集分布,且各体长段宿主之间的感染强度差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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应用形态学和分子生物学方法对采集的锚首虫进行鉴定分析，为河鲈（Perca fluviatilis）的生态保护和病害防治提供基础资料。2020年9月至2021年6月对额尔齐斯河河鲈寄生的锚首虫进行了调查，发现河鲈鳃部有锚首虫物种寄生，经形态学和分子生物学鉴定确定为鲈锚钩吸虫。运用统计学方法对河鲈鳃部寄生的鲈锚钩吸虫的总体、不同体长段的感染情况进行统计，进一步分析其空间分布特点。结果显示，河鲈共感染了1种锚首虫，为鲈锚钩吸虫，总感染率、平均感染强度和平均感染丰度分别为18.56%、（2.78±3.17）只/尾和（0.52±1.7）只/尾，左鳃及右鳃的感染率分别为12.37%和13.40%，两者之间的感染丰度无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；各鳃片中的平均感染强度和平均感染丰度值相差不大；鲈锚钩吸虫在所有体长组之间及左鳃Ⅳ各体长组之间的感染丰度呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）；鲈锚钩吸虫对宿主左右鳃没有选择偏好性，且在宿主种群中的分布类型为聚集分布和均匀分布，其中聚集分布占主要的地位，仅有左鳃Ⅰ和鳃Ⅲ、右鳃Ⅱ、L≤8 cm体长组中呈现均匀分布。 相似文献
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鳔等睾吸虫对黄颡鱼,鲶鱼寄生状况的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
研究表明,长江中黄颡鱼、鲶鱼感染鳔等睾吸虫为一随机过程,其感染率分别为３９％和２６４％,感染强度则无显著差异。鳔等睾吸虫在这两种鱼中均为聚集分布。鳔等睾吸虫的寄生对体长２０１～２７ｃｍ的鲶鱼生长有影响,宿主的肝脏、肠系膜、鳔等器官均有病理变化。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献