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奶牛瘤胃埃氏巨型球菌的分离鉴定及对乳酸发酵的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采取健康奶牛瘤胃液,通过韦荣球菌科的特异性培养基分离得到了瘤胃厌氧菌株.该菌株是革兰氏阴性球菌,不能发酵大多数的碳水化合物和多元醇,但能发酵葡萄糖和果糖,不液化明胶,亦不能从硝酸盐生成亚硝酸盐,但能从半胱氨酸产生H2S,经形态学和生化反应特性分析初步鉴定为埃氏巨型球菌.通过细菌遗传学鉴定法16SrDNA PCR法,获得了527 bp的基因片段,测序分析证明与已报道的埃氏巨型球菌16S rDNA核苷酸序列的同源性可达98%;进一步确定所分离到的菌株为埃氏巨型球菌.同时观测了埃氏巨型球菌在体内、体外环境下对乳酸降解和挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响,结果表明,其能显著降低瘤胃液内乳酸的浓度,同时提高乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的浓度,且在一定时间范围内降低了乙酸与丙酸的物质的量比.上述结果为进一步研究瘤胃乳酸发酵调控提供了理论和实验基础. 相似文献
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试验旨在通过体外模拟瘤胃发酵，评价添加草氨酸钠对瘤胃发酵产气量、常规化学参数、乳酸产量及相关乳酸菌相对丰度的影响。以MRS培养基为体外营养来源，添加不同浓度的草氨酸钠（0、2、5、10 mmol/L和15 mmol/L）进行体外模拟瘤胃发酵，记录72 h内的气体产量，测定发酵24、48 h和72 h气体成分含量，并测定发酵72 h发酵液pH、氨态氮、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）以及乳酸含量，埃氏巨型球菌、牛链球菌、反刍兽新月单胞菌的相对丰度。结果表明：与对照组相比，草氨酸钠添加量为2 mmol/L和5 mmol/L时，对各指标无显著影响（P>0.05）。添加10 mmol/L的草氨酸钠降低了发酵48、72 h的产气量和乳酸含量（P<0.05），但添加10 mmol/L和15 mmol/L的草氨酸钠显著降低埃氏巨型球菌相对丰度（P<0.05），对牛链球菌和反刍兽新月单胞菌相对丰度无显著影响（P>0.05）。添加15 mmol/L的草氨酸钠后显著降低了发酵72 h的产气量和二氧化碳比例、pH、氨态氮和乳酸浓度，以及丙酸、丁酸和戊酸的含量（P<0.05），提高了乙酸含... 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(12)
本试验利用体外法研究日粮中添加酵母发酵饲料对瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃细菌数量的影响。对照组只含培养底物,试验组在培养底物基础上添加酵母发酵饲料,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法测定瘤胃细菌总数和6种瘤胃功能细菌的数量,同时测定发酵液的产气量、pH、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)等体外发酵参数。结果表明:酵母发酵饲料能够显著提高瘤胃细菌总数(P0.05),促进溶纤维丁酸弧菌、埃氏巨型球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌和琥珀酸丝状杆菌的生长繁殖(P0.05),显著降低牛链球菌数量(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组的产气量显著增加(P0.05);添加酵母发酵饲料也显著提升了氨态氮(NH_--3-N)的浓度(P0.05)和菌体蛋白(BCP)浓度(P0.05);试验组乙酸、丁酸及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);添加酵母发酵饲料对pH无显著性影响(P0.05)。 相似文献
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装有瘤胃套管的21头阉羊和6头爱尔夏牛用以进行喂给青贮日粮后瘤胃发酵与乳酸代谢的一系列试验。绵羊(3个试验)和牛(2个试验)饲以甲酸保存剂的多年生黑麦草青贮,部分试验补以压扁大麦,研究饲喂后瘤胃中乳酸与挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。摄入青贮后瘤胃中随即有一个短时间的乳酸浓度高峰,随之是丙酸或丙酸与丁酸浓度的增加,丁酸的产生牛比羊更明显。单独饲喂青贮时6小时内瘤胃样本乙酸、丙酸和丁酸(毫克分子/VFA克分子总量)代表性地分别为590—600,210—250和70—150, 青贮补以大麦时,绵羊和牛丙酸比较减少,丁酸比较增加。绵羊的一个试验中发酵类型的这些变化伴随瘤胃原虫数量的增加,由2.78×10~5/ml增到18.66×10~5/ml(p<0.01),然而,随后的试验表明灭原虫导致瘤胃中丁酸比例的增加。在绵羊瘤胃中注入一个剂量20—50克的乳酸,测定了12次乳酸代谢,这些结果表明L+乳酸和DL—乳酸代谢同样地迅速,其半排出期约为25分。在未灭原虫的绵羊注入后发酵产物为丙酸,只有少量丁酸,在灭原虫绵羊乳酸代谢的主要发酵产物为丁酸。乳酸代谢的体外试验是用喂青贮日粮后绵羊瘤胃过滤液和分离出的细菌和原虫部分进行的,瘤胃液与细菌部分的乳酸消失率(微克/毫克蛋白质/小时)分别为50和22.2,显著地小于(p<0.05,n=5)原虫部分的消失率294.7,瘤胃液、细菌和原虫部分发酵终产物为相似的混合物,丙酸约占VFA量的60%。文中讨论了瘤胃中青贮乳酸代谢、VFA的产量和为微生物细胞合成的ATP产量等有关问题,包括瘤胃微生物群对乳酸发酵途径的调节,在调节乳酸发酵中,原虫可能有更为重要的作用。 相似文献
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日粮添加延胡索酸二钠和瘤胃素对慢性酸中毒奶山羊瘤胃发酵和细菌数量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验研究延胡索酸二钠与瘤胃素组合在高精料日粮条件下对慢性瘤胃酸中毒状态下瘤胃发酵功能和微生物数量的影响.选取6只2～3岁平均体重(32.00±1.21) kg安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳期奶山羊作为试验动物,采用逐渐提高日粮精料的方式诱导发生SARA.试验动物处于SARA后,试验组添加组合添加剂(延胡索酸二钠10 g,瘤胃素34 mg),对照组不添加.测定瘤胃发酵指标并通过16S rRNA探针杂交定量分析法结合传统厌氧培养法分析瘤胃内细菌的变化情况.结果表明,组合添加剂能显著提高瘤胃VFA浓度(P<0.05),维持高精料条件下瘤胃pH的稳定,使乳酸杆菌和牛链球菌数量减少(P<0.05),而反刍兽新月单胞菌、埃氏巨型球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量增加(P<0.05).以上结果说明,延胡索酸二钠和瘤胃素的联合使用可以改善SARA状态下的瘤胃发酵功能,并使乳酸产生菌减少而乳酸利用菌增加. 相似文献
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本文旨在利用体外产气法评定西藏地区不同牧草营养价值。选取西藏地区5种常见牧草,通过单因素试验设计,利用体外产气法评定5种牧草体外发酵48 h累积产气量、理论最大产气量(V_f)、初始产气速率(FRD_0)、达到最大产气量一半时所需时间(t_(0.5))、体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)、体外中性洗涤纤维消失率(IVNDFD)、p H、氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产量。结果表明,体外发酵48 h后,苇状羊茅体外48 h累积产气量、V_f、FRD_0、IVDMD及甲烷(CH_4)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总VFA产量均显著高于其他4种牧草(P0.05),但其体外发酵p H及乙酸/丙酸显著低于其他4种牧草(P0.05);紫花苜蓿体外NH_3-N浓度最高,显著高于其他4种牧草(P0.05)。综上分析,苇状羊茅体外发酵效果最佳,与其他试验牧草相比,更容易被瘤胃微生物降解利用。 相似文献
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为研究日粮中添加无机二价铁对瘤胃微生物发酵的影响,用人工瘤胃模拟装置发酵72 h研究添加不同水平亚铁(0、30、60、90、120和150 mg/kgDM,源于硫酸亚铁)对体外瘤胃液氨浓度、微生物氮产量和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生量的影响.结果表明:添加亚铁可使发酵液不同时间点氨浓度和总氨产量、有机物发酵率、总微生物氮产量显著提高(P<0.05);与不添加的对照组相比,添加亚铁可使发酵液的总VFA、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度明显增加(P<0.05),但乙酸、丙酸、丁酸摩尔比例没有差异(P>0.05);添加亚铁明显促进瘤胃有机物的发酵,增加瘤胃VFA产生量,过多的亚铁对瘤胃微生物生长有抑制作用. 相似文献
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Propionate is a kind of new,efficient and safe additive with the functions of anti-mildew,anticorrosion and treatment of diseases,which is widely used in feed processing industry. Propionate is decomposed into propionic acid and mineral elements in the rumen, and propionic acid is the main active ingredient. Propionate can promote rumen development,regulate blood glucose,maintain energy balance,therefore,it has been used to treat ketosis in practice production. At present,the propionate has been studied mostly at the rumen infusion stage,and in vitro experiments are focused on the liver gluconeogenesis pathway,which revolves around energy metabolism. But there are a few researches about the effects of propionate on production performance and fermentation. With the development of study of short chain fatty acids in the medical field,it brings a new opportunity for its development in husbandry. Whether propionate has the ability to promote rumen development, alleviate inflammation and enhance immunity needed to be further explored and verified. This paper mainly introduces the metabolic pathway and the mechanism of propionate and its application value in ruminant animal nutrition,combined with the production performance and maintain health,in order to reveal its potential value and provides scientific basis for its application in ruminant. 相似文献
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丙酸盐是一类高效、安全的添加剂,具有防霉、防腐和治疗疾病等功能,广泛应用于饲料加工业。丙酸盐在瘤胃中可分解为丙酸和矿物元素,其中丙酸是其主要的有效成分。丙酸盐可促进瘤胃发育,参与血糖调节,维持能量平衡,因此,生产中丙酸盐可用于治疗酮病。当前,有关丙酸盐的试验大多还停留在瘤胃灌注阶段,体外试验集中在肝脏糖异生途径上,围绕能量代谢展开,而有关在生产性能和发酵水平的研究较少。随着短链脂肪酸在医学领域的深入探索,为其在畜牧业中的应用带来了新的契机,丙酸是否具有促进瘤胃发育、缓解炎症及增强免疫的能力有待进一步探究和验证。作者主要介绍了丙酸盐的代谢途径与作用机制,并结合生产性能和维持健康两方面阐述了丙酸盐在反刍动物营养上的应用,揭示了丙酸盐的潜在价值,以期为其在反刍动物领域的应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探究不同能量水平对湖羊瘤胃发酵特性和微生物组成的影响。选取湖羊公羊48只（体重为（17.77±1.15） kg）随机分为2组：1）对照组（C组）,代谢能ME=8.83 MJ·kg-1;2）高能组（H组）,ME=10.84 MJ·kg-1。每组6个重复,每个重复4只羊。试验期105 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期90 d。试验结束后,采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵参数,同时对微生物细菌V3-V4区进行16S rRNA高通量测序以检测瘤胃微生物组成。结果显示：1） H组和C组在瘤胃pH、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸及乙丙比、氨态氮和微生物菌体蛋白浓度差异均不显著（P>0.05）;2）物种多样性结果显示,H组的Chao 1、Observed species、PD whole tree和Shannon指数均显著低于C组（P<0.05）;3）物种注释发现,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）占比最高,但两者的相对丰度在H组和C组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,H组的瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）和厌氧弧菌属（Anaerovibrio）相对丰度均显著高于C组（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下,提高日粮能量水平对瘤胃发酵特性影响不显著,但是会降低瘤胃微生物的丰富度和均匀度,并改变部分菌属的相对丰度。 相似文献
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不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA及血液VFA含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在探讨不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA以及血液中VFA含量的影响。选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的奶山羊作为试验动物,采用完全随机分组试验设计随机分为2组,分别饲喂精粗比为6∶4和4∶6的日粮,预饲期15 d,采样期3 d。结果表明,高精料组(HC组)瘤胃液pH值显著低于低精料组(HR组)(P<0.05);在采食后3 h,HC组与HR组瘤胃液pH值均下降至最低值,分别为5.71和6.08。除了乙酸含量外,HC组瘤胃液丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量分别比HR组提高4.99%、5.58%、21.81%、17.95%、18.27%、1.66%。HC组血浆中各种VFA的含量均高于HR组,其中丙酸、丁酸含量两组间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。HC组瘤胃液以及血浆中乙酸与丙酸比值均低于HR组,但两组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。HC组瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸、TVFA浓度在采食后2 h达到最大值,HR组在采食后3 h达到最大值,两组日粮血浆中VFA浓度均在采食后2 h达到最大值,然后逐渐恢复到采食前水平。结论:高精料日粮导致瘤胃液pH值显著降低,瘤胃液和血浆中VFA含量增加;瘤胃液VFA生成速率HC组高于HR组。 相似文献
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选择6只体重28 kg左右,安装永久瘤胃瘘管甘肃高山细毛羯羊, 采用3×3无重复拉丁方试验设计,通过消化代谢试验,对茴香秸秆和茴香秕壳对绵羊的营养价值进行了评定。结果表明,绵羊对茴香秸秆和茴香秕壳的干物质消化率、氮消化率、氮存留率、有机物消化率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、酸性洗涤纤维消化率、钙消化率、磷消化率和消化能分别为62.11%和61.63%,63.83%和65.63%,50.58%和47.72%,62.63%和62.50%,54.95%和53.02%,52.18%和49.50%,23.19%和20.35%,31.98%和35.03%,以及9.86和9.51 MJ/kg。绵羊对茴香秸秆和茴香秕壳的消化率较高。饲粮中添加茴香秸秆对绵羊瘤胃液pH、乙酸摩尔比、丙酸摩尔比、丁酸摩尔比、乙酸/丙酸以及瘤胃液中尿素氮和蛋白氮浓度均产生了显著的影响(P<0.05),对其他酸摩尔比、瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、总氮和氨氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮中添加茴香秕壳对绵羊瘤胃液乙酸、丁酸和其他酸摩尔比产生了显著的影响(P<0.05),对pH、丙酸摩尔比、乙酸/丙酸、瘤胃液TVFA和氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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Studies were conducted to define steady state pH, propionic acid concentrations and fluid turnover in the rumen of steers fed every 3 h and to determine whether rates of ruminal propionic acid disappearance were linearly related to their in situ production rates. Ruminally fistulated beef steers (326 +/- 11 kg; n = 3) were fed eight times daily a 54% mixed hay: 46% corn-based concentrate diet to meet maintenance energy requirements. Maximal acceptable variations from the mean at steady state conditions of pH, propionic acid concentrations and specific activity, and liquid flow (Cr marker concentrations) were defined as 4%, 20%, 30% and 10%, respectively, across 4 h of observation. In situ production of propionic acid, determined by pulse-continuous infusion of 1-14C-propionic acid, was 142 mmol/h (CV = 8.4%). The ruminal half-life of propionic acid was estimated to be 1.5 h and the liquid flow rate was 3.8 liters/h. Propionic acid production rates subsequently were elevated by continuous intraruminal infusion of buffered propionic acid. Irrespective of production (basal and infusion) rate, approximately 66% disappeared (i.e., presumed absorption) and 34% passed from the rumen to the lower tract in the liquid phase. Ruminal disappearance of propionate was linearly related with its production rate, and propionate concentrations and production rates also were linearly related. Liquid passage was linearly related to production rate, but there was insufficient evidence to conclude that fractional dilution rate or ruminal volume were similarly related. When ruminal production of propionic acid is elevated, the rumen has additional absolute capacity to remove propionate, but the fractional removal appears to be constant. The digestive tract distal to the rumen is likely an important site of propionate absorption in cattle when propionate production is high. 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在研究海南霉素对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵模式及甲烷产量的影响。试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、体况相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验分为3期,每期15 d,试验设负对照组(不添加任何添加剂)、正对照组(添加10 mg/kg莫能菌素)和海南霉素组(添加7.2 mg/kg海南霉素)。结果表明:饲粮中添加海南霉素后,除在采食后2 h显著提高奶牛瘤胃内pH(P<0.05)外,其他时间均无显著影响(P>0.05);采食后0、2、8和10 h,海南霉素组氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度均显著低于负对照组(P<0.05),而采食后6 h,海南霉素有抑制NH3-N释放的趋势(P=0.06);采食后0、2、4和6 h,海南霉素组乙酸浓度及乙酸与丙酸的比值与负对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05),丙酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸和丁酸浓度没有显著变化(P>0.05)。海南霉素显著抑制了瘤胃甲烷的产生(P=0.02),海南霉素组的奶牛甲烷呼出量为216.50 L/d,比负对照组降低了14.03%。由此得出结论:饲粮中添加海南霉素可以改变奶牛瘤胃的发酵类型,使其更趋向于丙酸型发酵,并显著降低动物的甲烷呼出量。 相似文献
18.
Methyl‐mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), a new sugar esterified lipid synthesized by Pseudozyma aphidis, was assessed for its functionality in modulating rumen fermentation and microbiota toward more propionate and less methane production. A pure culture study using rumen representatives showed that MEL selectively inhibited the growth of most Gram‐positive bacteria including Streptococcus bovis, ruminococci, and Fibrobacter succinogenes, but not Gram‐negative bacteria such as Megasphaera elsdenii, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. A batch culture study revealed that MEL significantly decreased methane production in a dose‐dependent manner with accumulation of hydrogen, while propionate production was enhanced. A continuous culture (Rusitec) study confirmed all of these changes. A feeding study revealed that sheep fed a MEL diet showed an increased proportion of propionate, while proportions of acetate and butyrate were decreased without affecting total VFA level. These changes disappeared after cessation of MEL feeding. Based on these results, dietary application of MEL can favorably modify rumen fermentation in terms of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization. 相似文献
19.
研究山羊瘤胃内放入装有不同种类牧草的尼龙袋后,瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度的动态变化规律。选用带有瘤胃瘘管的山羊为实验动物,结合尼龙袋法测定3类牧草在山羊瘤胃中的挥发性脂肪酸浓度。结果表明,添加装有不同牧草的尼龙袋后,山羊瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度及乙酸／丙酸值均呈先上升后下降的规律,并在4h达到峰值,其中乙酸浓度约为70．49％、丙酸浓度约为15．38％,瘤胃的发酵类型总体上偏向于乙酸-丙酸型．3类牧草均适用于山羊的科学饲养。由此可见,添加装有不同种类牧草的尼龙袋均会对山羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸产生影响,其原因主要与原料的蛋白质含量有关。 相似文献
20.
P. Udén 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(1):27-33
A novel macro in vitro system was used to test the theory that rumen proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate are not representative of their respective net production rates. Whole rumen content (10–16 kg) from two cows was mixed with a bicarbonate buffer and incubated separately in two 40‐l in vitro vessels for 3 h. A total of six experimental periods were used. In this study, a total of six cows were used and fed 1/8 of the daily ration by hand every 3 h. To obtain differences in rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) composition, 1 l of acetate (416 mm ), propionate (108 mm ), butyrate (79 mm ), lactic acid (300 mm ) or nothing was infused during 24 h into the rumen before collection of representative samples of rumen contents. Infusions of acids were then continued during the in vitro incubations in exact proportion to the digesta removed from the rumen. In Periods 1 and 2, the cows were alternatively infused with acetate or nothing. In Periods 3 and 4, the infusions consisted of propionate or butyrate and in Periods 5 and 6 of lactate or nothing. Nine liquid samples were obtained between 3 and 180 min after the start of incubation and analysed for concentrations of VFA. Changes in proportions of individual VFA were estimated by linear regression. No differences in VFA proportions were observed in the absence of infusion (p > 0.5) over time, but when individual VFA were infused, their respective proportions increased. This was interpreted as the result of a decreased in vitro fermentation rate of digesta substrates compared with that in the rumen. Lactate infusion increased butyrate proportion in vitro. It is concluded that this study could not provide any evidence that ruminal VFA proportions are unrepresentative of the proportions of net production. 相似文献