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1.
The selection of cultivars for the predominant cropping systems of small farms in the tropics depends to a large extent on the information obtained by testing their performance across the different systems. The main objective of this experiment was to measure the genotype × cropping system (G × CS) interaction for yield and selected agronomic traits of climbing beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown as sole crop and intercropped with two morphologically contrasting maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. A secondary objective was to identify the most efficient and productive bean–maize intercrop combinations. Seven climbing bean genotypes were grown as sole crop and intercropped with two maize varieties, BH 140 (Mix. 1) and Guto (Mix. 2), in a factorial arranged Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at Bako Agricultural Research Center in western Ethiopia. Main effects due to genotype and cropping system (except days to flowering) were significant for all bean traits considered. The genotypes × cropping system interaction terms were also significant for the number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, harvest index and seed yield. While bean seed yield significantly correlated with the number of seeds per pod (in Mix. 1) and with harvest index (in both mixtures), positive and significant correlations occurred with the number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight under sole cropping system. The correlation between bean seed yields of Mix. 1 and Mix. 2 and between Mix. 2 and sole crop were positive and significant. No such relationship was found between Mix. 1 and sole crop. The results suggest that selection of suitable climbing bean cultivars for intercropping with maize varieties predominantly grown in the area should be made under the associated culture of the two crops. Intercropping contributed to a significant reduction in seed yield of the bean genotypes due mainly to its adverse effects on the numbers of pods per plant and seeds per pod. The index tLER1 identified most bean–maize genotype combinations of Mix. 2 as biologically more efficient system than Mix. 1. On the other hand, tLER2 values of more than 1.00 for all treatments of Mix. 2 demonstrated higher overall productivity of the intercrop system when the bean genotypes were grown in association with a late-maturing and high yielding maize hybrid BH 140.  相似文献   

2.
Breeding programmes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have mainly focused on performance under monoculture conditions. Interactions among cultivars and cropping systems do occur and genotypes bred for pure cropping may not be suitable for intercropping. This study was undertaken to obtain estimates of genetic parameters of quality traits for bush bean landraces grown in two cropping systems, and the interrelationships of these traits between pure cropping and intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.). Field experiments were conducted at two locations for two years. Expression of most traits was not strongly influenced by genotype × environment interactions. Heritability estimates were similar in both cropping systems for most pod and seed quality traits. Positive correlations were observed between pure cropping and intercropping for pod characters (weight, length, width and texture) and seed characters (dry and imbided weight, length, hardness, coat proportion, water absorption and crude protein). Use of a selection index is suggested for breeding for seed size, water absorption,coat proportion and crude protein for both cropping systems. However, larger gains would be expected in pure cropping for most traits. Bean accessions PHA-0267, PHA-0285, PHA-0286 and PHA-0299 should be used for developing acceptable culinary and high protein breeding lines for either cropping system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

3.
Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. is intercropped or relay cropped with maize in many Andean highlands of Colombia and Peru. Breeding beans for the target multiple cropping systems is essential for the development of productive and sustainable agriculture for the Andean smallholders. Outline of the breeding programme should follow the farming system approach with the establishment of on-farm trials and early farmers involvement. Bean breeding is oriented to minimize intercrop competition and to stabilize complementarity with maize. Genetic traits needed for improved varieties are divided as follows : traits not interacting with the cropping systems, traits specific to intercrops and traits related with socioeconomic and seed quality aspects. Screening, prebreeding and recombination nursery are better made under sole cropping while varietal improvement and on-farm trials are conducted under the target multiple cropping systems. Breeding schemes may involve recurrent, pedigree and bulk hybrid selection. The given application concerns the genetic improvement of P. coccineus, P. polyanthus and interspecific hybrids of P. vulgaris for both simultaneous and relay intercropping in Colombia and Peru. Earliness, cold tolerance, resistance to fungus diseases (mainly Ascochyta leaf blight and anthracnosis) and seed yield potential were the major objectives of the bean improvement programme. Priority has been given to the exploitation of the large diversity available in the secondary gene pool of common bean. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

4.
为探讨小麦/玉米/大豆和小麦/玉米/甘薯套作体系中根际细菌群落多样性与作物氮素高效吸收的差异特性及二者间的关系,应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术研究了小麦–大豆(A1)、小麦–甘薯(A2)、玉米(A3)、小麦/玉米/大豆(A4)和小麦/玉米/甘薯(A5)5种种植模式的根际细菌群落多样性。结果表明,与A1、A2、A3及A5相比,A4套作提高了各作物在开花期(或吐丝期)与成熟期的籽粒吸氮量、地上部总吸氮量和Shannon-Weiner index多样性指数(H′)。处理间的吸氮量与H′的变化规律为套作>单作、大豆茬口>甘薯茬口,以A4处理最高。不同种植模式下DGGE图谱条带的数量及亮度有较大区别,且有几条特征性条带发生了明显变化。不同种植模式间的细菌群落结构相似性较低,群落相似度系数(Cs)表现为套作与套作间>套作与单作间;A4与A5间的Cs相对较小,二者间的细菌群落结构差异较大。A4模式有利于提高根际细菌群落多样性,增强植株对氮素的吸收能力。  相似文献   

5.
Summary The intereropping of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) is a common practice in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In this experiment, 25 populations of bush bean were evaluated for nutritional and culinary traits of dry seed and immature pod in sole crop and in intercrop in two years and in two locations, in order to determine whether selection of bush bean in sole crop can result in genetic progress for intercrop.There were no differences in the population means between cropping systems. Significant differences were detected among populations for all traits tudied except starch content, crude ash, water absorption and coat proportion. Population x environment interaction was significant for pod thickness. Bean populations did not interact with cropping systems for any trait, although there were differences between cropping systems for crude protein. These results suggest that a sole crop system provides sufficient information to select bean populations efficiently for the bush bean-maize intercropping system, although the advanced generations of the breeding program should be tested for quantitative traits such as protein content in the appropriate cropping system (intercropping) to know the competitive ability with the associated species. This would permit to choose bush bean populations which complement more efficiently and would be less competitive with the maize population.  相似文献   

6.
In field trials on the Loess Plateau, China, in 2012–13, maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were sole cropped and intercropped at three densities and with three sowing proportions. Maize was generally more growth efficient for biomass accumulation than soybean during the entire growth interval, as assessed using the relative efficiency index (REIc). However, most of sowing proportion at each density displayed a trend of decreased growth with development. Throughout the growth period, the dry matter production and leaf area index (LAI) of maize increased as the plant density increased irrespective of whether it was grown as a sole crop or as an intercrop. However, the effect of increasing cropping density was less obvious for soybean. The LAI values of the sole crop treatment for both maize and soybean were greater than that of the intercropping system, indicating that the presence of maize and soybean together suppressed the respective growth of the two crops. At the final harvest, land equivalent ratios (LER) of 0.84–1.35 indicated resource complementarity in most of the studied intercrops. Complementarity was directly affected by changes in plant densities; the greatest LER were observed in 2 rows maize and 2 rows soybean intercrops at low density. The water equivalent ratio (WER), which characterized the efficiency of water resource use in intercropping, ranged from 0.84 to 1.68, indicating variability in the effect of intercropping on water-use efficiency (WUE).  相似文献   

7.
Eleven upland rice genotypes of varying growth duration and plant stature were evaluated in two cropping systems: monocrop and intercrop, with pigeon pea cv. U pas 120, in order to study the effects of intercropping on rice grain yield and its contributing characteristics during 1990 to 1992 wet seasons. Cropping system and cropping system × genotype interaction effects were significant for yield ha−1, panicle weight, panicles m−2 and spikelet fertility suggesting the need for evaluating and selecting genotypes suitable for intercropping. Rice grain yield reduction in the intercrop ranged from 24.5 % in genotype RR 203-16 to 54.5 % in genotype Aditya. Panicle weight, total dry matter at flowering as well as at harvest, and harvest index were also reduced. Plant height and panicle weight were positively associated with yield in both systems, however, the yield was positively and significantly correlated with spikelets per panicle and spikelet fertility with the intercropping system. The correlation between cropping systems indicated the possibility of simultaneous improvement for these characteristics in monocropping and intercropping.  相似文献   

8.
空间配置是影响间作套种作物生长和产量构成的关键因素之一。本研究固定玉米–大豆套作带宽200 cm,玉米采用宽窄行种植,设置4个玉米窄行行距为20 cm(A1)、40 cm(A2)、60 cm(A3)和80 cm(A4)套作处理,2个玉米和大豆净作对照处理,研究行距配置对套作系统中玉米和大豆生物量、根系及产量的影响。结果表明,套作大豆冠层光合有效辐射和红光/远红光比值均低于净作,且随着玉米窄行的增加而降低。套作系统中大豆地上地下生物量、总根长、根表面积和根体积从第三节龄期(V3)到盛花期(R2)逐渐增加,但随着玉米窄行的增加而降低。套作玉米地上地下生物量从抽雄期到成熟期逐渐增加,根体积却逐渐降低,但这些参数随玉米窄行的变宽而增加。玉米和大豆在带状套作系统中产量均低于净作,且随玉米窄行的变宽,玉米产量逐渐增加,2012和2013两年最大值平均为6181 kg hm–2,而大豆产量逐渐降低,两年最大值平均为1434 kg hm–2,产量变化与有效株数和粒数变化密切相关。此外,玉米–大豆带状套作群体土地当量比(LER)大于1.3,最大值出现在A2处理,分别为1.59(2012年)和1.61(2013年),且最大经济收益也出现在A2处理(2年每公顷平均收益为1.93万元)。因此,合理的行距配置对玉米–大豆带状套作系统中作物的生长、产量构成和群体效益具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

9.
This study was conducted at the University of Jordan Research Station in the central Jordan Valley during 1988 and 1989 summer growing seasons, to determine the potential and response of summer crops to intercropping system and to poultry manure addition. Corn, soybean and watermelon were grown as sole crops and as intercrops in three paired combinations (corn: watermelon, corn: soybean, watermelon: soybean) with three levels of poultry manure (0, 20, 40 t/ha). The crop yields and land equivalent ratios (LERs) were determined for all treatments. The highest yields for the two cropping systems were obtained in response to the highest poultry manure addition. Corn gave the highest yield when intercropped with soybean, where increases in yield of 45 % and 66 % were obtained over those of corn sole crop at the same level of poultry manure (40 t/ha), in 1988 and 1989 seasons, respectively. Soybean gave the highest yield when grown with corn leading to an increase of 35 % and 34 % over soybean sole crop grown at the same level of poultry manure (40 t/ha) in 1988 and 1989, respectively. Watermelon gave the highest yield when grown with soybean, giving an increase which ranged from 390 to 920 kg ha−1 over the yield of sole cropping system under the same level of poultry manure (40 t/ha). The LER values for all intercrop treatments were greater than 1.0 which gave clearly an indication for the superiority of the intercropping over the sole cropping system especially when 40 t ha−1 poultry manure was added.  相似文献   

10.
间作种植模式对玉米和大豆干物质积累与产量组成的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
玉米/大豆间作是中国北方地区常见的一种种植模式。本文通过2个生长季的大田试验,研究了间作种植模式对玉米和大豆的干物质积累与产量组成的影响。试验结果表明,生育前期（播后第79d以前）,不同种植模式下玉米的单株干物质量之间没有显著差异;生育后期,玉米/大豆1:3间作模式下（I1处理）玉米的单株干物质量高于单作玉米,达到极显著水平;玉米/大豆2:3间作模式下（I2处理）玉米的单株干物质量高于单作玉米,达到显著水平,1:3和2:3间作模式下玉米的单株干物质量也存在显著差异。生育期内不同种植模式下大豆的单株干物质量之间没有显著差异。利用Logistic方程拟合了单作和间作条件下玉米和大豆单株干物质积累的动态,相关性均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）。由于边际效应的影响,间作群体内玉米各器官干物质积累量高于单作。不同种植模式下大豆各器官的干物质积累差异不明显。间作玉米的干物质转换率高于单作,单作大豆的转换率高于间作。I1和I2处理间作总籽粒产量比单作玉米的籽粒产量增加约6%,比单作大豆的籽粒产量增加约320%。  相似文献   

11.
间作对大豆荚粒性状及种子脂肪酸组分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
梁镇林 《种子》1999,(5):25-27
间作大豆，五种荚粒性状的均数都小于各自的对照（单作），且差异都达到极显著水平（ｔ＝－３．６６７－＾＊＊＿４．７６＾＊＊），按下降幅度排列依次为：单株粒重－粒茎比－单株粒数－单株荚数－百粒重。除百粒重外，其余四性状相互音 高度显著正相关，（ｒ＝０．７４３＾＊＊－０．９５７＾＊＊），但偏相关分析，百粒重分别与粒数和粒茎比 ，那么对单株产量的相关也可达显著以上水平。  相似文献   

12.
Approaches are needed to broaden the genetic base and improve earliness and yield potential of large-seeded beans under sustainable cropping systems. The objective of this research was to develop adapted dwarf bean populations having a commercial seed quality and yield suitable for the production in the South of Europe. The original base populations were produced from crosses between genotypes within each Mesoamerica, Nueva Granada and Peru races, and between Peru and Nueva Granada, and Mesoamerica and Nueva Granada races. Visual mass selection for plant performance was practised in the F2 and F3 generations. In the F4 and F5, single plants were harvested under two cropping systems (sole cropping and intercropping with maize). From F4, selection was based on precocity, combined with seed yield and seed commercial type. The F4:7 selected lines from each original population were compared with their parents and five checks at four environments and two cropping systems. Differences among environments, populations, parents and checks were observed for all traits. Under intercropping with maize, there was a 50% reduction in seed yield. Yield of parents and checks belonging to Andean South American races, intraracial (Nueva Granada × Nueva Granada) and interracial (Nueva Granada × Peru) populations, was higher than that of those of Middle American origin. Intraracial crosses within large-seeded Andean South American (Peru race) and Middle American gene pools (Mesoamerica race) did not produce lines yielding more than the highest yielding parent. Only two large-seeded lines selected from crosses between small- and large-seeded gene pools out-yielded the best parent and check cultivar.  相似文献   

13.
An experiment with sixteen cropping systems (pure and intercroppings) was conducted during the kharif season of 1985 and 1986. The sixteen cropping systems were: sole rice, sole mungbean, sole soybean, sole peanut, sole blackgram, rice + mungbean (2:1), rice + mungbean (4:1), rice + mungbean deferred (2:1), rice + soybean (2:1), rice + soybean (4 : 1), rice + soybean deferred (2 : 1), rice + peanut (2:1), rice + peanut (4 : 1), rice + blackgram (2:1), rice + blackgram (4:1) and rice + blackgram deferred (2:1). Sole crop of rice always recorded higher number of effective tillers/m2, however, it was observed that legumes had an influence on the number of filled grains per panicle and thousand grain weight of rice in rice + legume combinations. Among legumes, pure crops of soybean and peanut always gave rise to increased number of yield components than the other crops grown in association with rice. In case of mungbean, number of pods per plant and thousand seed weight was higher in pure crops though number of seeds per pod was more with rice + mungbean combination. Deferred sown blackgram in association with rice yielded greater number of seeds per pod and thousand seed weight though sole crop of blackgram significantly produced higher number of pods per plant.  相似文献   

14.
In broadly conceived long-term experiments, tobacco was grown in monoculture and with different crop rotations. This paper presents results in terms of the yields achieved and the major yield components for the crops grown, and the proportion of particular tobacco quality classes obtained. In addition to tobacco monoculture (initially only fertilized and later also unfertilized) as the key crop, different types of crop rotations included, besides tobacco, the following crops: winter wheat, maize, soybean, oil-seed rape, and red clover. Experiments involved two 2-year and two 4-year crop rotations, and a 3-year, a 5-year, and a 6-year crop rotation. Experiments were set up on luvic semigley on multilayered Pleistocene sands. Average 10-year results suggest that there is an advantage of crop rotation over monoculture for tobacco leaf yields. The influence of different crop rotation types on yields of other crops was variable, tending towards higher values as the number of crops in rotation was increased. Values obtained for yield components should be considered from two angles: some of the values were primarily influenced by genetic factors, while others were influenced by ecological factors, including crop rotation as an overall biological buffer. With regard to quality classes (IB-III), the growing of flue-cured tobacco in crop rotation represents a great advancement relative to its growth in monoculture, even in a narrower crop rotation.  相似文献   

15.
为探讨小麦/玉米/大豆多熟套作体系下小麦根系分泌物的分泌特性及其对根系生长环境和植株氮素吸收的影响,2006-2008年连续两个生长季采用田间定位试验,研究了小麦-大豆、小麦-甘薯、小麦/玉米/大豆和小麦/玉米/甘薯4种种植模式下小麦根系分泌物的数量与种类、小麦根系生长、土壤水分、土壤氮含量及植株吸氮量的变化特性。结果表明,与小麦-大豆和小麦-甘薯两种净作模式及小麦/玉米/甘薯套作模式相比,小麦/玉米/大豆套作降低了开花期和成熟期小麦生长区的土壤湿度、pH值及NO3--N和NH4+-N的含量,提高了小麦植株地上部总吸氮量、根系活力、根干重及土壤总氮含量,并且,开花期小麦根系分泌有机酸总量和可溶性糖含量增加,表现为套作>净作,大豆茬口>甘薯茬口,边行>中行,其中以小麦边行处理的分泌量最高。拔节期根系分泌的有机酸,净作处理以乙酸含量较高,占总量的47.8%~51.6%,套作处理以柠檬酸含量较高,占总量的31.7%~55.1%;开花期根系分泌的有机酸,净作和套作处理均以乙酸含量较高,占总量的33.3%~78.3%。小麦/玉米/大豆套作对小麦根系分泌有机酸和可溶性糖有促进作用,从而改善了根系生长环境,提高了小麦对氮素的吸收。  相似文献   

16.
A. A. Jaradat 《Euphytica》1991,52(3):155-164
Summary Landrace genotypes of durum wheat, from 10 districts in Jordan, have been evaluated for 18 morphological and yield related traits. Results of multivariate analysis, including analysis of variance, cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis, indicate that the magnitude of phenotypic divergence in these landrace genotypes is large, especially when compared with a world collection of durum wheat. These results provide an experimental evidence for phenotypic differentiation as a result of variation in altitude and long-term average rainfall of collection sites, but not on the basis of district of collection. R2-values for fit to least squares model ranged from 67.0–78.0%, and from 18.5–30.0%, for the first and second cases, respectively. Landrace genotypes from different districts formed 5 clusters on the basis of altitude and long-term average rainfall of collection site. Three canonical factors accounted for 92% of total variance in these clusters. The first canonical factor accounted for 57% of total variance and was mainly correlated with spike length, awn length and spikelets/spike. The second canonical factor accounted for 22% of total variance and was positively correlated with peduncle length, seed weight per plant, kernel weight and ratio of peduncle length to plant height. However, it was negatively correlated with awn length. The phenotypic diversity found in these landrace genotypes could help identify genetically different genotypes for durum wheat improvement.  相似文献   

17.
探明不同种植体系周年产量、气候资源分配及其利用效率特征,建立周年气候资源优化配置的定量指标,为进一步提升黄淮海区域周年产量潜力和资源利用效率提供理论依据。本研究利用2011—2015年河南新乡定位试验数据,定量分析了冬小麦–夏玉米、冬小麦–夏大豆、双季玉米和一季春玉米4个种植体系产量、生物量、干物质产能、光温资源分配及其利用效率。结果表明,冬小麦–夏玉米和双季玉米体系4年产量、生物量和干物质产能差异均不显著,但显著高于冬小麦–夏大豆和一季春玉米体系,平均增幅分别为45.4%～61.5%、37.3%～71.3%和35.7%～70.7%;双季玉米和一季春玉米体系周年辐射生产效率、籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率均显著高于冬小麦–夏玉米和冬小麦–夏大豆体系,其中周年辐射生产效率平均增幅为11.8%～66.7%,籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率分别提高0.13～0.42和0.18～0.69百分点。进一步分析周年气候资源分配特征,冬小麦–夏玉米体系两季积温分配率分别为45.6%和54.4%,积温比值为0.8,双季玉米两季积温分配率为51.4%和48.6%,积温比值为1.1。综合分析产量和资源利用效率,冬小麦–夏玉米和双季玉米种植体系可作为黄淮海区种植模式优化布局和农业生产可持续发展的重要支撑,而明确主要种植体系积温分配率和积温比值等定量指标可为进一步优化周年气候资源配置,挖掘黄淮海两熟区周年产量潜力和资源利用效率提供重要参考。  相似文献   

18.
Intercropping represents an alternative to maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture to provide substrate for agricultural biogas production. Maize was intercropped with either sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) or forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] to determine the effect of seasonal water supply on yield and quality of the above‐ground biomass as a fermentation substrate. The two intercrop partners were grown in alternating double rows at plant available soil water levels of 60–80 %, 40–50 % and 15–30 % under a foil tunnel during the years 2006 and 2007 at Braunschweig, Germany. Although the intercrop dry matter yields in each year increased with increasing soil moisture, the partner crops responded quite differently. While maize produced significantly greater biomass under high rather than low water supply in each year, forage sorghum exhibited a significant yield response only in 2006, and sunflower in none of the 2 years. Despite greatly different soil moisture contents, the contribution of sorghum to the intercrop dry matter yield was similar, averaging 43 % in 2006 and 40 % in 2007. Under conditions of moderate and no drought stress, sunflower had a dry matter yield proportion of roughly one‐third in both years. In the severe drought treatment, however, sunflower contributed 37 % in 2006 and 54 % in 2007 to the total intercrop dry matter yield. The comparatively good performance of sunflower under conditions of low water supply is attributable to a fast early growth, which allows this crop to exploit the residual winter soil moisture. While the calculated methane‐producing potential of the maize/sorghum intercrop was not affected by the level of water supply, the maize/sunflower intercrop in 2006 had a higher theoretically attainable specific methane yield under low and medium than under high water supply. Nevertheless, the effect of water regime on substrate composition within the intercrops was small in comparison with the large differences between the intercrops.  相似文献   

19.
Crop Rotation to Improve Agricultural Production in Sub-Saharan Africa   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
A three years' trial was conducted in a farmers' field in northern Ghana to evaluate the effect of sole crops (cotton, cowpea, groundnut, soybean, and sunflower) planted once or twice on yield of the staple foods of the region, maize and sorghum. Sole cropping for only one year already resulted in significant yield increases for maize and partly for sorghum compared to the conventional cropping of mixed stands of maize–sorghum or maize–groundnut and natural fallow. Lowest yield of maize and sorghum was obtained where these cereals followed maize–sorghum (monoculture). Intercropping of maize with groundnut led to subsequent maize and sorghum yields which were similar to those obtained after maize–sorghum. After growing legumes and sunflower for one year the grain and straw yield of maize and sorghum was significantly higher in the two consecutive years than after cereal (maize–sorghum) monoculture. In this trial maize and sorghum were found to be not as tolerant to the disadvantages of monoculture or preceding cereals–legumes mixture. The results suggest that continuous intercropping with cereals under the given conditions has negative effects on soil fertility and can lead to an increase in soil-borne pests and troublesome weeds like Striga comparable to monocropped cereals.  相似文献   

20.
Increased yields of some crops have resulted from indirect selection of plant architectural traits related to yield. This study examines the potential relationship between plant architecture and yield for a legume grown under intercropping, Field experiments were conducted in 1991 to examine the response of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes with contrasting plant habits to sole crop and intercrop with pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), and to identify cowpea traits associated with yield under intercropping. The cultivur with a bush-type habit was higher-yielding in sole crop, whereas the cultivar with a spreading habit was higher-yielding in intercrop. For F2 cowpea populations, pod number was most highly correlated with seed yield in intercrop. The number of branches and nodes, particularly in areas with increased access to light, and increased internode length were also important in intercrop. Selection for improved yield in sole crop may not necessarily lead to improved yield in intercrop, and different plant traits may be more appropriate for cultivars intended for use in inter-crop than for those intended for use in sole crop.  相似文献   

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