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1.
长白落叶松提取物对木材防腐作用的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以长白落叶松心材、边材及树皮为原料,分别用乙醚、氯仿、丙酮、甲醇和水5种溶剂对其进行提取,采用滤纸片法研究了不同溶剂提取物分别对白腐菌和褐腐菌的抑菌性能,发现心材的甲醇提取物和丙酮提取物对白腐菌有较好的抑制效果,树皮的水提取物对2种菌都有较好的抑制效果.并研究了这两种提取物在室内对木材的防腐性能,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片观察了木材腐朽后菌丝生长的情况,与常用木材防腐剂酸性铬酸铜(ACC)进行了对比,结果显示:心材的甲醇提取物对白腐菌的抑制效果较好;而树皮的水提取物对褐腐菌抑制效果较好. 相似文献
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以怀槐的心材和树皮为原料,用乙醚、氯仿、丙酮、甲醇和水5种溶剂对其进行浸提,得到10种提取物.这10种提取物对白腐菌和褐腐菌的抑菌性能研究表明,怀槐心材的甲醇和丙酮提取物的抑菌性能良好.将心材的甲醇提取物和无机木材防腐剂酸性铬酸铜(ACC)用于对木材的室内防腐实验,根据腐朽后试样的失重率和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的照片观测,得出甲醇提取物对白腐菌的防腐作用较好,对褐腐菌的防腐作用很弱,而ACC对两种菌的防腐作用较强.将心材甲醇提取物和ACC用于对斑马鱼的急性毒性试验,测得两者在24、48和 72 h 的半致死浓度,甲醇提取物分别为16.5、12.7、12.0 mg/L,ACC分别为3.2、2.5、2.0 mg/L;两者的安全质量浓度分别为2.26和 0.46 mg/L. 相似文献
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以广东紫珠药材粉末为原料,探讨其不同提取部位的抑菌作用,并筛选其有效部位。对广东紫珠药材用不同极性大小溶剂（石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、70%乙醇、水）回流提取,获得广东紫珠粗提物,用滤纸片法测定其抑菌圈大小（金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、白色念珠菌）,对抑菌活性明显的提取部位进行梯度萃取,并分别测定其抑菌圈大小,得到广东紫珠抑菌有效部位,并测定其有抑菌作用的有效部位的最小抑菌浓度。结果显示广东紫珠70%乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌、乙型溶血性链球菌均表现了不同程度的抑菌活性,初步判定为广东紫珠的抑菌活性部位,70%广东紫珠提取物经过萃取后,石油醚萃取物及二氯甲烷萃取物没有抑菌作用,乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物及剩余的水部分均有不同程度的抑菌作用。70%乙醇广东紫珠提取物通过二氯甲烷萃取除去部分脂溶性杂质,即得到广东紫珠抑菌部位,可以此为基础寻找广东紫珠抑菌活性成分,为后期开发利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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对比了10种植物干叶的50%乙醇提取物对4种常见木材腐朽菌的抑菌活性,筛选出具有广谱杀菌性且效果较好的植物来源,为后续开发植物源木材防腐剂提供依据。以白腐菌采绒革盖菌、黄孢原毛平革菌和褐腐菌密粘褶菌、绵腐卧孔菌为供试真菌,采用生长速率法初步测定香樟、侧柏、闽楠等10种植物醇提物对木腐菌的抑菌效力,比较其不同时间段的(3、5 d和7 d)菌落直径和抑菌率,聚类分析优选出抑菌植物。结果表明:1)在供试浓度为20 mg/mL的条件下,10种植物醇提物对白腐菌和褐腐菌均有一定抑制作用,随着时间延长大多数植物醇提物抑菌活性明显下降,总体抑菌效果褐腐菌比白腐菌更强;2)当菌落培养至7 d时,飞龙掌血、猴樟、圆柏等6种植物对白腐菌和褐腐菌均有抑制作用,其中飞龙掌血和香樟对4种菌均有抑制作用;3)飞龙掌血抑菌率均高于70%,总体抑菌效果较香樟好,而香樟对采绒革盖菌的抑制效果较差,对其他3种菌的抑制效果达到70%以上。聚类分析结果显示,飞龙掌血(1)和香樟(10)的抑菌效果最佳,在不同时间段对4种木材腐朽菌均有较强的抑菌效力,说明这2种植物具有开发植物源木材防腐剂的潜力。 相似文献
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侧柏不同部分精油化学成分的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
取江苏徐州林场侧柏叶、木材、树皮和果壳等进行水蒸汽法蒸油,所得精油分别用气-质联用仪定性分析和毛细管色谱测定各组分的相对含量。结果表明,侧柏叶精油和果壳精油主要化学成分相似,有α-蒎烯、Δ~3-蒈烯、柏木脑等20多种单萜和倍半萜化合物,α-蒎烯是主成分,占全油的40％;侧柏木材精油主要含罗汉柏烯和柏木脑,分别占全油的45％和21％。侧柏树皮精油除了上述主要成分外,尚含约7％的α-侧柏烯和10％的β-水芹烯,主成分是α-蒎烯,Δ~3-蒈烯和罗汉柏烯分别占全油的14％,16％和13％。侧柏木材精油的品质冠于其余3种精油。侧柏精油化学成分同其它种柏木精油化学成分差别很大。因此,在植物分类上侧柏应属于侧柏(Platycladus[Biota])属,不应属于崖柏(Thuja)的亚属。 相似文献
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降香黄檀心材和边材内生真菌多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究降香黄檀心材和边材中真菌群落结构和多样性及其与木材内环境因子的关系,为降香黄檀内生真菌价值评价和资源利用提供依据,为指导降香黄檀人工促进心材形成提供参考。【方法】采用高通量测序技术,结合木材理化性质,研究降香黄檀心材和边材内生真菌的群落结构和多样性,并采用方差分析、冗余分析等手段分析其与降香黄檀内环境因子的关系。【结果】经过高通量测序,共获得2 193 336条序列,碱基总数为761 438 850 bp,有效序列平均长度为385 bp。得到3 621个OTUs,分属26纲67目116科167属186种。纲水平上,心材内生真菌优势菌群为伞菌纲、粪壳菌纲和散囊菌纲,边材内生真菌优势菌群为粪壳菌纲、座囊菌纲、伞菌纲、地舌菌纲和银耳纲;属水平上,心材内生真菌优势菌群为暗枝顶孢壳属、镰刀菌属、孢子丝菌属、黑酵母样真菌属和球托霉属,边材内生真菌优势菌群为镰刀菌属、毛色二孢属、枝孢属、念珠菌属、德巴利酵母属和木霉属;种水平上,心材内生真菌优势菌群为孢子丝菌环境种、卵形孢球托霉菌和尖孢镰刀菌,边材内生真菌优势菌群为可可毛色二孢菌、酵母菌和镰刀菌。方差分析、冗余分析等结果表明,p H、灰分和钾元素与降香黄檀内生真菌属水平的群落结构呈负相关,热水抽提物、镁和钙元素与大部分属真菌群落呈正相关,与少量属真菌群落呈负相关。含水量、热水抽提物、矿质元素钙和镁与多样性指数Chaol、Shannon和Simpson指数呈正相关,p H、灰分和钾元素与其呈负相关。【结论】降香黄檀心材和边材含有丰富的内生真菌群落,群落结构丰度和多样性均为心材大于边材。引起心材和边材内生真菌群落结构性差异的主要木材内环境因子为p H、灰分和矿质元素钾,引起多样性差异的主要木材内环境因子为p H、含水率、矿质元素钙和钾,且含水平影响最大。 相似文献
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箬竹提取物抑菌活性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以箬竹(Indocalamus tessellatus)水提取物和丙酮提取物对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Baci-llus subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、八叠球菌(Sarcina)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、青霉(Penicillium)、木霉(Trichoderma)7种菌进行抑菌活性研究,结果表明,2种提取物对细菌都有一定的抑菌效果,丙酮提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径达12 mm,水提取物的抑菌圈直径也达到10 mm,但对霉菌的抑菌效果不明显;2种提取物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为0.781%,对其它几种细菌的最小抑制浓度也都不超过3.125%,但对霉菌的最小抑制浓度要高于细菌,并且水提取物的最小抑菌浓度普遍高于丙酮提取物;2种提取物对水果和豆腐干均有较好的保鲜效果。 相似文献
11.
Analysis of compounds in dichloromethane extractives for Sawara Falsecypress （Chamaecyparis pisifera） outer heartwood 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The chemical components of dichloromethane extractives for Sawara Falsecypress heartwood were analyzed with GC/MS except for basic chemical composition analysis for heartwood with Chinese standard method. 14 kinds of compounds were idenfifjed according to the computer compounds library data. The major compounds in dichloromethane extractives comprised of terpene and naphthalene derivafives. The experiments of antifungal effects of the dichloromethane extractive on Aspergillus niger were also carded out. The result showed that the dichloromethane extractive from Sawara Falsecypress has no or weak antifungal capability. 相似文献
12.
Chia-Che Wu Chi-Lin Wu Shou-Ling Huang Hui-Ting Chang 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(4):737-747
Wood-rotting fungi lead to great economic losses of lignocellulosic materials. The influence of extractives on the decay resistance of Michelia formosana wood and the antifungal activities of heartwood extract and its constituent against wood-rotting fungi were evaluated. Results revealed that extractives had a strong influence on the decay resistance of M. formosana heartwood. The unextracted heartwood block was resistant to fungi, while the extracted heartwood block was not. Antifungal activities of ethanolic extract from heartwood were assessed; results revealed that the ethanolic extract possessed good antifungal activity against wood-rotting fungi. The ethanolic extract was further separated into four fractions including n-hexane-soluble fraction, ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, n-butanol-soluble fraction, and water-soluble fraction. Among these fractions, the n-hexane-soluble fraction exhibited the best antifungal ability. An alkaloid, liriodenine, was isolated from the active n-hexane-soluble fraction. IC50 values of liriodenine against the white-rot fungi Lenzites betulina and Trametes versicolor were 0.76 and 3.50?μg/mL, respectively. IC50 values of liriodenine against the brown-rot fungi Laetiporus sulphureus, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and Fomitopsis pinicola were all lower than 2.0?μg/mL. Results indicated that liriodenine exhibited a broad spectrum of antifungal activity and great potential to develop as an environmentally benign fungicide for the preservation of lignocellulosic materials. 相似文献
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为探究国产柚木抽提物对心材和边材颜色差异的影响,采用3种沸程的石油醚溶液分别对国产柚木的心材与边材进行抽提处理,利用气相色谱-质谱法分析抽提液的成分和含量,并以差异较大的抽提物溶液处理柚木边材,通过色度学参数表征柚木边材的变色情况,从而验证影响柚木心材和边材颜色的主要抽提物成分。结果表明:在3种沸程的石油醚抽提液中,柚木心材抽提物在成分种类数量和含量上均显著高于边材;不同沸程的石油醚对柚木心、边材中抽提物成分有一定的影响,其中30~60℃(低沸程)和60~90℃(中沸程)石油醚抽提物成分和含量的差异较小,而90~120℃(高沸程)石油醚抽提物的含量较高,约为中、低沸程抽提物含量的2倍;柚木心材抽提液中酚类、醌类、烯烃类物质的含量较多,但这些物质在边材中含量极低;4-叔丁基-2-苯基苯酚、2-甲基蒽醌(柚木醌)、全反式三十碳六烯(角鲨烯)是柚木心、边材抽提物含量差异最明显的物质。经角鲨烯溶液处理后的柚木边材表面颜色变黄,更接近心材颜色,因此,角鲨烯是导致柚木心边材颜色差异的重要抽提物成分。 相似文献
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The variation in extractives content in sapwood and heartwood was investigated among 12 trees in each of four commercial plantations of Eucalyptus globulus in central Portugal. The study was carried out at the 15% height level and extractions used successively dichloromethane, ethanol and water. At all sites, heartwood had significantly more extractives than sapwood, on average 3.8 and 2.4%, respectively. Most extractives consisted of ethanol soluble material (on average 52% of total extractives). Among the sites, there was a statistically significant difference in the content of extractives but the most important source of variation was the within-tree variation between sapwood and heartwood. Differences in the content of extractives were also observed among trees. A strong relation between extractives content and heartwood proportion was found. The potential loss of pulp yield and problems associated with accumulation of extractives are directly related to the heartwood proportion in the eucalypt stems. Forest management should take into account heartwood development and selection for minimising heartwood extractives. 相似文献
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Heartwood extractives (nonstructural wood components) are believed to be formed from a combination of compounds present in the adjacent sapwood and materials imported from the phloem. The roles of local compounds and imported material in heartwood formation could have important implications for the wood quality of species having naturally durable wood. Stable isotope composition (delta(13)C) was analyzed to assess radial variation in sapwood extractives, and to estimate the relative importance of adjacent sapwood extractives and imported photosynthate in the formation of heartwood extractives. Cellulose and extractives from the outer 39 annual rings of six Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees were isolated and their delta(13)C composition determined. Although the extractives and the cellulose showed different absolute delta(13)C values, the patterns of change over time (as represented by the annual rings) were similar in most cases. Within an annual ring, carbon isotope ratios of extractives were correlated with the cellulose isotope ratio (R2 = 0.33 in sapwood, R2 = 0.34 in heartwood for aqueous acetone-soluble extractives; R2 = 0.41 in sapwood for hot-water-soluble extractives). These data suggest that some sapwood extractives are formed when the wood ring forms, and remain in place until they are converted to heartwood extractives many years later. Sapwood extractives appear to be important sources of materials for the biosynthesis of heartwood extractives in Douglas-fir. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to characterise the properties of juvenile and mature heartwood of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Content, composition and the subcellular distribution of heartwood extractives were studied in 14 old-growth trees from
forest sites in Germany and Hungary as well as in 16 younger trees of four clone types. Heartwood extractives (methanol and
acetone extraction) were analysed by HPLC-chromatography. UV microspectrophotometry was used to topochemically localise the
extractives in the cell walls. The natural durability of the juvenile and mature heartwood was analysed according to the European
standard EN 350-1. Growth as well as chemical analyses showed that, based on extractives content, the formation of juvenile
wood in black locust is restricted to the first 10–20 years of cambial growth. In mature heartwood, high contents of phenolic
compounds and flavonoids were present, localised in high concentrations in the cell walls and cell lumen of axial parenchyma
and vessels. In juvenile wood, the content of these extractives is significantly lower. Juvenile wood had a correspondingly
lower resistance to decay by Coniophora puteana (brown rot fungus) and Coriolus versicolor (white rot fungus) than mature heartwood. 相似文献
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W. E. Hillis 《Wood Science and Technology》1971,5(4):272-289
Summary In the future, wood will be used largely for the manufacture of fibre products and particle board. The quality of wood used to meet increasing world demand will vary considerably. One feature of quality that can affect utilisation is the amount and type of wood extractives present. The distribution and variation in composition of extractives in the tree, as well as their effect on pulp manufacture, durability and surface films, are summarized. Methods to reduce the effects of some extractives in existing trees are described. Extractives can be reduced in plantation material by minimizing heartwood formation and by using silvicultural methods which result in small amounts of extractives being formed in this tissue. Current knowledge on heartwood formation is summarized.Paper presented to the 3rd Plenary Meeting of the International Academy of Wood Science held at the N. C. State University, Raleigh, March 11, 1971. 相似文献
18.
Roberto A. Sá Francis S. Gomes Thiago H. Napoleão Nataly D. L. Santos Carla M. L. Melo Norma B. Gusmão Luana C. B. B. Coelho Patrícia M. G. Paiva Lothar W. Bieber 《Wood Science and Technology》2009,43(1-2):85-95
The aim of this work was to isolate a lectin from Myracrodruon urundeuva heartwood and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi that attack plants, including woods. The lectin was isolated from heartwood through affinity chromatography on a chitin column monitored by hemagglutination assay. The lectin inhibited Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and was more effective than antifungal Cercobin in growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi. The detected antimicrobial activity reveals the possible role of the lectin in the resistance of M. urundeuva heartwood against deteriorative biological agents. The M. urundeuva lectin is the first bioactive peptide found in heartwood, probably stored as a chemical protection against biodegradation. 相似文献
19.
Ana Lourenço Isabel Baptista Jorge Gominho Helena Pereira 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):464-469
The pulping wood quality of Acacia melanoxylon was evaluated in relation to the presence of heartwood. The sapwood and heartwood from 20 trees from four sites in Portugal
were evaluated separately at 5% stem height level in terms of chemical composition and kraft pulping aptitude. Heartwood had
more extractives than sapwood ranging from 7.4% to 9.5% and from 4.0% to 4.2%, respectively, and with a heartwood-to-sapwood
ratio for extractives ranging from 1.9 to 2.3. The major component of heartwood extractives was made up of ethanol-soluble
compounds (70% of total extractives). Lignin content was similar in sapwood and heartwood (21.5% and 20.7%, respectively)
as well as the sugar composition. Site did not influence the chemical composition. Pulping heartwood differed from sapwood
in chemical and optical terms: lower values of pulp yield (53% vs 56% respectively), higher kappa number (11 vs. 7), and lower
brightness (28% vs 49%). Acacia melanoxylon wood showed an overall good pulping aptitude, but the presence of heartwood should be taken into account because it decreases
the raw-material quality for pulping. Heartwood content should therefore be considered as a quality variable when using A. melanoxylon wood in pulp industries 相似文献