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ZHANG An-Ning LIU Yi WANG Fei-Ming XIE Yue-Wen KONG De-Yan NIE Yuan-Yuan ZHANG Fen-Yun BI Jun-Guo YU Xin-Qiao LIU Guo-Lan LUO Li-Jun 《作物学报》2019,45(11):1764-1769
褐飞虱是水稻的主要害虫之一,利用水稻抗褐飞虱基因培育抗虫品种是目前公认最经济有效、环境友好的策略。本研究利用水稻功能基因组已克隆的抗褐飞虱基因,通过分子标记辅助选择和常规回交育种相结合的方法,将抗褐飞虱基因Bph6、Bph9、Bph14和Bph15单独和聚合导入到节水抗旱稻恢复系旱恢3号,获得了一系列含有单基因、双基因、三基因和四基因的改良系。采用标准苗期集团筛选法进行褐飞虱抗性鉴定,评价这些基因在旱恢3号背景下的效应及相互作用。表明单基因改良系中, Bph9的抗性最强,且Bph9 Bph6 Bph15 Bph14;在聚合改良系中,抗性均优于单基因改良系,四基因聚合改良系的抗性最强,不同基因型组合的抗性效应是Bph6+Bph9+Bph14+Bph15Bph6+Bph9 Bph6+Bph9+Bph14 Bph6+Bph9+Bph15 Bph6+Bph14+Bph15 Bph9+Bph14+Bph15 Bph14+Bph15。在自然条件下,改良系与旱恢3号在株高、有效穗和千粒重等农艺性状上差异不显著,其他性状与旱恢3号相仿或略差。本试验表明单独和聚合导入Bph6、Bph9、Bph14和Bph15基因能显著提高节水抗旱稻恢复系的褐飞虱抗性,这4个基因的加性效应明显,可为今后节水抗旱稻抗褐飞虱育种提供理论依据和材料基础。 相似文献
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利用分子标记辅助选择改良杂交水稻的褐飞虱和稻瘟病抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稻瘟病和褐飞虱目前是我国水稻产区最重要的病虫害。汕优63曾经是我国种植面积最大的杂交水稻组合,然而其易感白叶枯病、稻瘟病、褐飞虱和品质等问题导致其近年来在生产上基本没有了面积。本试验利用分子标记辅助选择将水稻抗褐飞虱基因Bph14、Bph15同时导入到汕优63的亲本明恢63和珍汕97B中,以改良汕优63的褐飞虱抗性;同时将抗稻瘟病基因Pi1、Pi2导入到已改良的珍汕97B中,使后者同时获得褐飞虱和稻瘟病抗性。褐飞虱苗期鉴定结果表明:改良的杂交稻(聚合Bph14,Bph15或单基因)的褐飞虱抗性较对照(汕优63)显著提高;穗颈瘟田间自然发病结果也表明:聚合Pi1、Pi2的杂交稻发病率仅为约6%,明显低于对照汕优63(约90%)。田间农艺性状考察也表明改良型杂交稻的主要农艺性状与对照基本一致,产量高于对照或与对照相仿。这些改良组合可以为进一步培育绿色超级稻提供中间材料。 相似文献
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中国科学家在水稻褐飞虱抗性研究领域取得突破 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2010,8(1):1-3
<正>2009年底,中国科学家在水稻稻飞虱抗性研究方面取得了令人瞩目的突破。由武汉大学何光存教授领导的课题组和国内外多位科学家合作,经过十多年不懈持续的研究,先后在《PNAS》和《Proteomics》发表文章,宣布克隆了水稻抗褐飞虱基因Bph14,初步阐述了其介导的抗性机理,并从蛋白质组学水平对稻飞虱抗性机理进 相似文献
6.
《分子植物育种》2015,(11)
稻褐飞虱是中国长江中下游及南方各省稻区中稻晚熟品种及晚稻品种的主要害虫。培育抗性水稻新品种是防治稻褐飞虱最经济有效的方法。本试验采用分子标记辅助选择和田间接虫鉴定的方法,将Bph14和Bph15基因分别导入到自选恢复系赣恢2688、赣恢4864和中组14中,最终获得遗传稳定的改良恢复系R1、R2和R3。分子标记检测表明三个改良恢复系都携带纯合的抗褐飞虱基因Bph14和Bph15;人工接虫鉴定结果显示,三个改良恢复系R1、R2和R3皆高抗褐飞虱;改良恢复系与4个不育系配制的组合之间抗性存在差异;农艺性状分析显示,株高、穗长、单株有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率以及单穗重共7个农艺性状与受体恢复系差异不显著。证明本研究已成功获得了抗褐飞虱的改良恢复系R1、R2和R3,为选育抗褐飞虱杂交稻提供了重要的育种材料。 相似文献
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标记辅助培育水稻抗稻褐飞虱和稻白叶枯病基因聚合系 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
稻白叶枯病和稻褐飞虱是水稻的主要病虫害,利用优良的抗性基因培育抗性基因聚合系对于防治稻白叶枯病和稻褐飞虱具有重要意义。本研究通过回交与分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法,将抗稻白叶枯病基因Xa23和抗稻褐飞虱基因Bph3分别导入主栽杂交水稻品种的保持系先B、天B、盟B、龙特甫B和桂B中。结果表明,获得稳定的单抗性基因导入系1436份和双抗性基因聚合系144份。人工接种鉴定结果显示,Xa23导入系和Xa23Bph3聚合系对抗稻白叶枯水平达到中抗和接近高抗的水平(1.1～3.0级),Bph3导入系和Xa23Bph3聚合系抗褐飞虱水平达中抗到抗的级别(3.2～4.0级)。农艺性状分析显示多数抗性基因聚合系的株高、剑叶长宽度、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重等主要农艺性状与受体差异不显著,只有少数聚合系有1～2个性状的差异。SSR标记分析表明抗性基因聚合系的遗传背景回复率达89.6%～97.8%,等位性位点纯合度达95.6%～99.9%。初步证明本研究已成功地获得抗稻白叶枯病和稻褐飞虱基因的聚合系,这些抗性改良保持系具有良好的应用前景,并为建立完善的分子设计育种平台提供了重要育种材料基础。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2015,(7)
为科学评价抗褐飞虱基因Bph14和Bph15在杂交稻抗性改良中的育种利用价值,本研究通过分子标记辅助选择,获得恢复系桂339的抗褐飞虱近等基因系,并观察近等基因系与不育系良丰A配组的表现。结果表明分子标记辅助选择能够提高Bph14和Bph15的育种改良利用效率。恢复系桂339的抗褐飞虱近等基因系及其与良丰A所配的杂交组合,在苗期鉴定中,只有带有双抗基因的等基因系达到中抗水平,平均抗性指数为4.30,其余近等基因系和相应的组合均感虫,平均抗性指数介于7.43和8.57之间,但在大田种植中与对照相比,除桂339(Bph14)外,均表现出明显的褐飞虱抗性,说明苗期人工接种鉴定与成株期田间抗性表现相结合可更加客观地评价抗褐飞虱基因Bph14和Bph15的遗传改良效应。 相似文献
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水稻抗褐飞虱基因及其育种应用研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
褐飞虱是危害水稻生产最重要的害虫之一。遏制水稻褐飞虱为害的最安全、有效的措施既利用水稻自身的抗虫性。迄今为止,已经于栽培稻和野生稻中成功鉴定出30个水稻抗褐飞虱基因,其中26个主效抗性基因已被定位,显性基因Bph14已成功克隆,但仅少量主效抗性基因被育种家利用并培育出抗性品种。对褐飞虱的生物型和抗性机理、水稻抗褐飞虱的遗传基础及育种应用研究进行了综述,并就今后的抗性育种研究趋势展开了讨论。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献