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近红外光谱法测定玉米品质指标的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用近红外光谱法(Near infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)和偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)建立玉米粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗淀粉定量分析的近红外光谱数学模型,并对模型预测结果的准确性进行了评价。结果表明:近红外预测模型的内部交叉验证决定系数(R2cv)分别为:0.9778,0.9666和0.9927;交叉证实标准差(RMSECV)分别为:0.38,0.40和1.51;模型外部验证决定系数(Rv2al)分别为0.9391,0.9651和0.9875;外部验证标准差(RMSEP)为0.41,0.35和1.31。实际样品的常规分析结果得出玉米粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗淀粉的NIRS数学模型具有较高的预测准确性,可应用于玉米育种工作中的大批样品的品质分析。 相似文献
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棉子油分近红外光谱测定技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以近红外光谱分析技术无损、快速和高效等优点,建立棉籽油分含量的近红外分析模型,进行棉籽油分快速大批测定,提高分析水平和效率。218份陆地棉的脱绒光籽为定标样品,通过不同的光谱数学预处理和光谱反射方式,优化棉子含油量近红外光谱法所建立的回归方程。结果表明,采用(2,4,4,1)光谱数学预处理和散射校正(SNV)得到的回归方程效果最好,回归决定系数(RSQ=0.9773)和验证决定系数(1-VR=0.9646)最高,回归标准误差(SEC=0.6977)和交互验证标准误差(SECV=0.8714)最小。对30份验证样品的化学测定值和近红外光谱预测值相关系数高达0.9882,平均偏差0.65%,回归标方程具有很好的预测效果,可以在实践中应用。长江流域棉花杂交种棉子含油量平均值为28.05%,含油量在26.50%~30.05%区间的品种居多,具有很大的改良潜力。 相似文献
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玉米直链淀粉近红外模型的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(6)
为提高玉米直链淀粉含量育种效率,加速育种进程,本研究使用210份玉米材料,利用近红外谷物分析仪,建立玉米直链淀粉含量快速检测模型。结果表明:采用改进偏最小二乘法回归分析技术(MPLS),同时采用"SNV+Dtrend"的散射处理,加"1.4.4.1"的参数处理所得的结果最好,其定标标准偏差(SEC)是0.388,交叉检验误差是(SECV)是1.465,定标决定系数(RSQ)是0.963。验证结果表明:利用该模型的近红外检验结果和化学测定结果绝对误差均在1%以内,表明所建立的定标模型预测能力良好,可用于玉米材料直链淀粉含量的快速测定。 相似文献
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为了探索快速测定完整黍稷籽粒蛋白含量的方法,采用近红外光谱分析技术建立数学模型并进行预测,比较原始透射光谱经导数处理结合不同回归算法对模型的影响。结果表明,分别经一阶和二阶导数处理后利用偏最小二乘法和改进的偏最小二乘法,4种方法的分析效果相近,最优的是一阶导数结合改进的偏最小二乘回归法,黍稷蛋白定标模型的定标相关系数（RSQ）为0.8806,定标标准误差（SEC）为0.3424,交互验证相关系数（1-VR）为0.8570,交互验证标准误差（SECV）为0.3751,外部预测标准偏差（SEP）为0.454。最终以完整黍稷籽粒为样品所建立的蛋白NITS模型,可以用于黍稷蛋白含量的快速检测。 相似文献
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牧草叶作为饲料原料的营养价值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究旨在测定5种牧草叶片的主要营养成分,分析、评价其氨基酸的营养价值,以期为牧草叶型饲料的开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]各样品的粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪、钙、磷含量采用常规方法测定,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量采用滤袋法测定;采用必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分及化学评分评价各样品氨基酸营养价值。[结果]结果表明：(1)5种牧草叶片中CP、Ca、NDF和ADF含量的差异较大,其中CP、Ca、NDF含量差异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05);水葫芦CP含量最高;2种豆科牧草叶片的CP含量显著高于禾本科牧草叶片,ADF含量则显著低于禾本科牧草叶片。(2)5种牧草叶片氨基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量丰富;蛋氨酸是5种牧草叶片的共同第一限制性氨基酸。[结论](1)水葫芦、紫花苜蓿、葛藤叶片的CP含量较高,可以作为蛋白饲料原料开发利用。(2)多花黑麦草和杂交狼尾草叶可以作为优质粗饲料进行开发利用。(3)利用5种牧草叶片配制牧草叶型畜禽全价饲料应适当添加蛋氨酸或补充富含蛋氨酸的原料。 相似文献
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探讨利用近红外分析仪以及WinISI数据处理软件对80份羊奶原奶中所掺植物蛋白建立定标方程的可行性,结果表明,使用改进最小二乘法(MPLS)在无散射处理下建立的定标模型的相关系数RSQ=0.995 5,标准偏差SEC=0.003 1,交互验证误差SECV=0.005 2,交互验证相关系数1-RV=0.987 6。实现了对掺假原奶中植物蛋白的快速检测。 相似文献
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我国常用玉米自交系秸秆品质性状及其相关分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用近红外反射光谱法对我国91份常用普通玉米自交系和11份高油自交系秸秆的体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）、粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、可溶性糖（WSC）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、酸性木质素（ADL）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）7个品质性状进行了分析评价,以探讨秸秆品质性状间的关系以及影响秸秆品质的主要成分。结果表明,各品质性状变异较大,各性状自交系间差异均达极显著水平,IVDMD及其相关品质的含量近似正态分布。不同品质性状变异程度不同,其中WSC含量变异最大,变异系数达33.15%。IVDMD与NDF、ADF、ADL呈极显著负相关,与WSC、EE含量呈极显著正相关,与CP含量显著正相关。影响秸秆品质的性状依次是IVDMD、ADF、NDF、WSC、ADL、CP和EE含量。根据青贮玉米育种的要求,筛选出5份IVDMD和WSC含量高、NDF、ADF含量低的自交系。 相似文献
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应用近红外光谱技术分析稻米蛋白质含量 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
以稻谷、米粒、米粉3种形态的样品，应用近红外光谱技术(NIRS)和偏最小二阶乘法(PLS)，建立了6个稻米蛋白质含量近红外光谱数学模型，并对模型预测结果的准确性进行了评价。结果表明，糙米蛋白质含量的稻谷、糙米粒和糙米粉近红外光谱预测模型校正决定系数(RC2)分别为0.893、0.971和0.987，校正标准差(RMSEC)分别为0.507、0.259和0.183；精米蛋白质含量的稻谷、精米粒和精米粉近红外光谱预测模型RC2分别为0.897、0.984和0.986，RMSEC分别为0.497、0.186和0.190。模型内部交叉验证分析表明，预测糙米蛋白含量的稻谷、糙米粒和糙米粉模型内部交叉验证决定系数(RCV2)分别为0.865、0.962和0.984，内部验证标准差(RMSECV)分别为0.557、0.290和0.205；预测精米蛋白含量的稻谷、精米粒和精米粉的模型RCV2分别为0.845、0.951和0.979，RMSECV分别为0.594、0.316和0.233。模型外部验证分析表明，预测糙米蛋白含量的稻谷、糙米粒和糙米粉近红外光谱模型外部验证决定系数(RV2)分别为0.683、0.801和0.939，外部验证标准差(RMSEV)为0.962、0.799和0.434；预测精米蛋白含量的稻谷、精米粒和精米粉近红外光谱的模型RV2分别为0.673、0.921和0.959，RMSEV为0.976、0.513和0.344。用米粉建立的近红外光谱预模型准确性最高，米粒次之，基于稻谷的预测模型准确性相对较低；内部交叉验证和外部验证表明，近红外光谱分析技术与化学分析方法一致性较好，且能保证样品的完整性，在水稻优质育种和稻米品质分析中具有广泛的应用价值。 相似文献
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近红外光谱技术(NIRS)是近几十年迅速发展的测试分析技术,由于准确、高效、无损等检测优势,在牧草营养价值评价领域得到广泛应用,但是在天然草地牧草方面应用较少。快速、实时评价天然草地牧草营养价值,为研究天然草地营养供给和营养载畜量提供基础数据,对草地畜牧业生产具有重要意义。文章阐述了近红外光谱技术的基本原理和特点,介绍了直接法和间接法评价牧草营养价值,分别从常规营养成分、矿物元素、抗营养成分、营养物质消化率4个层次综述近红外光谱技术在2个方法中的应用,并做出展望,以期建立基于NIRS技术的天然草地牧草营养价值数据库,为天然草地的科学管理和合理利用发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Higher ruminant intake potential and in vivo digestibility as indicated by lower neutral and acid detergent fibre (NDF and ADF), respectively, and higher crude protein (CP), may be valuable targets in tall fescue breeding. Some 105 full‐sib families from a diallel cross of Mediterranean parent germplasm were grown in a heated greenhouse simulating the temperature pattern of a Mediterranean environment, to estimate genetic parameters for NDF, ADF, CP and dry matter (DM) yield in one autumn and one winter harvest. Family x harvest interaction was large for NDF and ADF, moderate for CP and absent for DM yield. Additive genetic variance was mostly larger than specific genetic variance, and tended to be small for quality traits and large for DM yield. Narrow‐sense heritability was low for CP and ADF in autumn and moderate to fairly high in the remaining cases. Predicted gains per selection cycle never exceeded 5% for quality traits while being greater than 10% for DM yield. An inverse genetic correlation between DM yield and any quality trait emerged in the presence of sizeable genetic variation. 相似文献
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首次在河南省对5种优良牧草和花生进行间作套种的研究,并且在牧草与花生“5+6”套作模式的情况下,对比与分析了两者的相互影响、综合生产水平以及可行性。研究表明,套种后紫花苜蓿、白三叶以及苇状羊茅影响花生果实产量,花生果实产量分别下降14.2%、12.6%和7.6%,达到了极显著(前两者)和显著水平。苜蓿和白三叶还对花生的百果重、饱果数有抑制作用,而对总果数影响不大。和紫花苜蓿套作,花生秧产量下降7.3%(p<0.05),与其他牧草套作花生秧的产量无显著影响。与花生的套作能够极显著地促进多年生黑麦草、鸡脚草和苇状羊茅3种禾草的分蘖(11.01%~14.26%)(p<0.01),显著增加其叶面积指数(4.62%~6.37%)和叶绿素含量(5.04%~5.50%)(p<0.05),3种禾草的青干草产量分别提高了8.2%、8.1%、9.3%。花生秧与禾草混合调制成青干草后,饲草中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和钙的含量得到了显著和极显著的提高,而粗纤维含量却明显降低。与花生套作能够提高紫苜蓿产草量5.8%(p<0.01)和,但豆科牧草与花生秧混合调制以后,粗蛋白、粗纤维以及钙和磷的含量明显下降,粗脂肪得到了极显著的提高。 相似文献
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为评定多花黑麦草在生长兔上的营养价值,研究以福建黄兔为对象,对2 个多花黑麦草品种采用全粪收集法进行消化试验。结果表明：福建黄兔生长兔对多花黑麦草‘美克斯’和‘海里克斯’干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、粗纤维（CF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（ash）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）和无氮浸出物（NFE）的表观消化率分别为：52.67%、82.68%、21.70%、26.58%、28.59%、68.37%、57.69%、71.64%、70.82%、64.38%和50.45%、79.53%、24.69%、30.45%、32.69%、69.84%、59.38%、70.48%、69.31%、69.30%。其中生长兔对多花黑麦草DM、CP、EE、Ca 和P 的表观消化率较高,对CF的表观消化率较低。 相似文献
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Genetic variation for sinapate ester content in winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and development of NIRS calibration equations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Increasing the meal and protein quality of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for food and feed purposes is gaining importance in rapeseed breeding programmes. Rapeseed meal has a high content of phenolic acid esters, mainly sinapate esters, which have been shown to cause a dark colour and a bitter taste in rapeseed meal and derived protein products. The aim of the present study was to analyse the genetic variation for individual and total sinapate ester content, to develop Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic (NIRS) calibrations, and to identify genotypes with a low sinapate ester content after testing in the field. The following sinapate esters were analysed by HPLC: sinapoylcholine (sinapine), sinapoylglucose, and a minor group of ‘other sinapate esters’ which includes free sinapate. A genotypically diverse set of seed samples of winter oilseed rape (old and new cultivars, breeding lines, resynthesized rapeseed) from different years and locations was collected, their NIRS spectra recorded and the samples were further analysed by HPLC. The complete NIRS calibration seed sample set (n = 575) showed a large variation in total sinapate ester content, ranging from 3.2 to 12.7 mg sinapate equivalents per g seeds. The NIRS calibration equations showed high fractions of explained variances in cross validation () ranging from 0.75 (other sinapate esters) to 0.85 (sinapoylglucose). The standard errors of cross validation (SECV) ranged from 0.38 (other sinapate esters) to 0.70 mg/g seed (total sinapate esters). In validation and in independent validations the predicted results were not always acceptable, indicating that the NIRS calibrations need to be extended by analysing samples from new populations. Following replicated field experiments, a doubled haploid line obtained from the old Dutch cultivar Mansholts’ Hamburger Raps, and related DH lines from the cross DH Mansholts’ × Express were confirmed to have a 30–40% lower sinapate ester content compared to check cultivars. 相似文献
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Evaluation of plant species for animal feed requires the quantitative and qualitative comparison of different genotypes. Promising lines of annual legumes comprising seven genotypes of vetche ( Vicia spp.) and chicklings ( Lathyrus spp.) were compared for herbage quality. The content of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in herbage and pods were measured at different stages of plant maturity. The proportion of the leaves to shoots (leafiness) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were also determined. As plants matured IVDMD, CP and leafiness decreased and NDF and ADF increased. For all the genotypes maximum digestible dry matter (DDM) and CP yields were more or less attained at 50–100 % podding. Narbon vetch had the highest DDM. The possible uses of the different genotypes as animal feed are discussed based on the partitioning of the DDM and CP yield as plants matured. 相似文献
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The measurements of acid detergent fibre in rapeseed by visible and near-infrared spectroscopy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. Font B. Wittkop A. G. Badani M. Del Río-Celestino W. Friedt W. Lühs A. De Haro-Bailón 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(4):410-412
Visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations for acid detergent fibre (ADF) in intact rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were performed for two different sample volumes (10 ml, 500 seeds approximately; and 1 ml, 50 seeds approximately). The inclusion of brown and yellow‐seeded cultivars in this work has allowed the whole range of ADF currently described in the literature for this character to be covered. Chemometric techniques have been used for developing calibration equations for both procedures when measuring the two different seed sample volumes. On the basis of the coefficient of determination in the cross‐validation (R2cv) obtained for the 10 and 1 ml assays (0.80 and 0.73), and SECV/SEL ratios (2.30 and 2.57), respectively, both equations showed an accuracy sufficient for screening purposes in an ADF range from 6.80 to 13.46% dry wt, which is presented in this work. 相似文献
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Shrinkage factors applied to the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models improve prediction of
cultivar responses in multi-environment trials (MET). Estimates of shrinkage factors based on the eigenvalue partition (EVP)
method may get a further improvement in the predictions of cell means. Objectives of this work were: (1) to compare the EVP-based
shrinkage method with unshrunken AMMI, best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) and other shrunken method (herein named CCC),
when they were applied to five maize MET and simulation data; (2) to assess by cross validation the equation which estimates
the standard error of predicted means (SEPM) based on the EVP theory; (3) to estimate the genotype × environment interaction
(GEI) variance components after applying the EVP shrinkage method to the five maize MET. Empirical data of five maize MET
and simulation data were used for cross validation of the methods using the root mean square predictive difference (RMSPD)
criterion. The RMSPD of the shrunken EVP predicted cell means was generally smaller than those of the other methods, suggesting
that the EVP method was generally better predictor than the other methods. The truncated AMMI was the worst among the four
methods studied. The EVP-based equation, which predicts the SEPM, was a good predictor as determined by the RMSPD cross validation
criterion, with the advantage that it does not need one replication for validation. Estimates of mean squares, and GEI and
error variances associated with the GEI effects were smaller for the shrunken EVP predicted effects than for the original
data.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献