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运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法结合酶的特异性染色方法对美国虹鳟5种组织(眼睛、心脏、肾脏、肝脏和肌肉)的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、α-淀粉酶(α-AMY)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)7种同工酶进行了初步研究,并对7种酶的同工酶位点及酶谱表型进行了分析。结果表明:美国虹鳟LDH、EST、G-6-PDH、POD、GDH和MDH存在不同程度的组织特异性,而α-AMY则无明显组织差异。EST由8个基因位点编码;LDH酶带多于典型的5条酶带;MDH具有线粒体型(m-MDH)和上清液型(s-MDH)两种类型;共记录了24个基因座位,其中5个为多态座位,多态座位比例为20.83%,有效等位基因数为1.4167,表明美国虹鳟的遗传多样性居较高水平。 相似文献
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美国金鳟的同工酶分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本实验运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对养殖型美国金鳟眼(E)、心(H)、肾(K)、肝(L)、肌肉(M)五种组织的乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、酯酶(EST)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6- PDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和过氧化物酶(POD)等7种同工酶进行电泳研究。结果显示：美国金鳟中ADH、EST、G-6-PDH、GDH、LDH、MDH、POD、SOD 7种同工酶都有不同程度的组织特异性；美国金鳟群体同工酶分析共记录18个基因座位,其中有8个基因座位为多态,等位基因总数为26个,从而得出多态座位百分数P为44．44％,位点有效等位基因数Ne=1．4444,表明美国金鳟群体遗传多样性偏高。 相似文献
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采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术，测定和比较了道氏虹鳟、美国加州虹鳟、挪威虹鳟、丹麦虹鳟、芬兰虹鳟5个群体的15种同工酶约40个基因座位的遗传变异。结果表明，5个虹鳟群体的多态座位比例为43.24%~47.37%；种群平均预期杂合度为0.1917~0.2178，平均实际杂合度为0.2703~0.3291；Hardy-Weinberg 遗传偏离指数(d)为0.4100~0.5331，位点有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.4865~1.5385。χ2检验表明，5个虹鳟群体多态座位基因频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。与其它鱼类相比，5个虹鳟群体的遗传多样性均处于较高水平，表明本研究的5个虹鳟群体种质资源状况尚好。聚类分析表明，挪威虹鳟、丹麦虹鳟、美国加州虹鳟、道氏虹鳟为同一聚类支，芬兰虹鳟为另一聚类支。本研究对5个群体虹鳟养殖品种的同工酶分析，为其种质资源保护和开发以及遗传育种等方面提供了基础性资料。
关键词：虹鳟；群体；同工酶；遗传结构；遗传变异 相似文献
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红鳍东方鲀6种同工酶的组织特异性及基因位点分析 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
采用水平淀粉凝胶和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳法,对2龄野生红鳍东方鲀的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、眼、鳃6种组织中的苹果酸酶(ME),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH),葡萄糖脱氢酶(GLCDH),磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM)和酯酶(EST)共6种同工酶进行了研究。结果表明,以上6种同工酶存在明显的组织特异性。LDH在除肝脏外的5种组织中活性很强,GLCDH只在肝脏中表达,鳃组织中的GLCDH和肌肉组织中的EST表达活性都很弱。6种同工酶共检测到12个基因位点,其中ME和PGM有两个基因位点编码,EST有5个基因位点编码。本试验还检测到Ldh-1、Est-1、Est-2、Est-3和Est-4共5个基因位点具有多态现象(P0·99),多态位点比例为41·67%,在12个基因位点共观察到17个等位基因表达,平均每个位点表达的等位基因数为1·417个。同时在红鳍东方鲀眼组织中发现,AB3型和B4型LDH间有一条酶带弱表达。 相似文献
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采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳对企鹅珍珠贝[Pteria penguin (Roeding)]的消化盲囊、鳃、外套膜、足部肌肉和闭壳肌肌肉5种组织中的过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酯酶(ESF)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(ME)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)同工酶的表达变化进行比较研究。结果表明，企鹅珍珠贝组织内的这6种同工酶存在不同程度的组织特异性，其位点的表达与否和酶活性的强弱方面都表现出明显的组织差异。企鹅珍珠贝的SOD、ESF同工酶在消化盲囊中有较高活性，而MDH、ME在闭壳肌中活性较高。研究中讨论了这些差异与组织生理功能的相关性。 相似文献
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波纹唇鱼不同组织5种同工酶表达的差异 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
运用聚丙烯酰胺垂直梯度凝胶电泳法对波纹唇鱼(Cheilinus undulatus)6组织(肌肉、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脑和脾脏)的5种同工酶[酯酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(ME)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)]进行了研究,并对其同工酶位点及其酶谱表型进行了分析.结果表明,波纹唇鱼5种同工酶系统具有不同程度的组织特异性.EST检测到2条酶带,由2个基因座位编码.LDH在6种组织中都存在,共检测到9条酶带,由3个基因座位编码,具有多态性现象.MDH在6种组织中均可检测到,可分为线粒体型和上清液型,各由1个基因座位编码,组织差异性不显著.ME检测到2条酶带,肝脏的含量比较丰富,线粒体型和上清液型的区分不明显.AST在6种组织中都没有发现. 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了银鲳(Pampus argenteus)脾脏、肝脏、肌肉、心脏、肾脏等5种组织中酯酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)等4种同工酶的表达模式,并对各种同工酶的酶谱进行了分析。结果表明:这4种同工酶在银鲳5种组织中的分布均存在一定的组织特异性,其与各组织的生理机能密切相关。银鲳4种同工酶共记录出61条酶带,其中EST被检测出的酶带数量最多也较复杂,ADH同工酶酶带数量最少,只有6条酶带被检测到,LDH和GDH分别检测到16条和9条酶带;组织特异性主要表现在位点表达和酶活性强弱不同这两个方面,GDH1和ADH2只在肝脏中表达。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了兰州鲇(Silurus lanzhouensis)肌肉、心脏、肝脏、脑、脾脏、肾脏和眼睛等7种组织中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、醇脱氢酶(ADH)、山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)等6种同工酶的表达模式,并对各同工酶的酶谱进行了分析。结果表明:这6种同工酶在兰州鲇7种组织中的分布均存在明显的组织特异性;6种酶共记录出17个基因位点,其中EST-2、EST-3、MDH-3和SDH-2为多态位点;兰州鲇群体的多态位点比例P为23.53%,位点平均有效等位基因数Ne为1.24;平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.137 2和0.105 1,Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数D为0.305 4,杂合子处于过剩状态。从以上数据中可以看出,兰州鲇野生群体遗传变异程度较大,但是有效等位基因数偏低,有必要对兰州鲇野生种质资源及时加以保护。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对高寒鲤Cyprinus carpio、荷包红鲤Cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis、松浦鲤Cyprinus carpio Songpu和德国镜鲤眼(E)、心(H)、肾(K)、肝胰脏(L),和肌肉(M)组织中超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、α-淀粉酶(α-AMY)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苹果酸酶(ME)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST),和山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)等9种同工酶进行了电泳分析。结果表明:4种鲤同工酶谱具有明显的组织特异性,其中肝胰脏和肾脏表达最为显著。4个鲤群体9种同工酶共记录了17个基因座位,多态座位比例P平均为27.865%,平均预期杂合度He’介于0.1329~0.1451之间。Shannon’s多样性指数显示,4个群体的遗传变异由高到低依次为:荷包红鲤>高寒鲤>松浦鲤>德国镜鲤。4种鲤具有较丰富的遗传多样性,较高的遗传变异水平,对种质资源的研究开发及利用有重要意义。 相似文献
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雄性三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhyncus mykiss)可以发育至生理成熟并表现出较强的雄性副性征,性腺发育基本正常;雌性三倍体虹鳟性腺几乎不发育,并且存在着类雄性化的发育趋势.本研究拟通过对虹鳟杂交胚胎(2n♀×3n♂)发育状况及其DNA倍性的分析,进而确认三倍体虹鳟是否具有与二倍体虹鳟类似的生育能力并分析其原因.选取经两个世代家系选育的虹鳟优良品系二倍体雌性虹鳟作为母本,以热休克方法人工诱导的优质雄性三倍体虹鳟为父本,常规人工采集精卵授精,获得三倍体雄性与二倍体雌性杂交胚胎,观察杂交胚胎的发育进程,通过流式细胞仪检测杂交胚胎的DNA含量,进而与二倍体雌雄交配获得的胚胎对照确定杂交胚胎的倍性.结果表明,杂交胚胎的受精率、发眼率和孵化率均显著地低于对照组,杂交胚胎多数在发眼期之前死亡,破膜的胚胎在仔鱼期上浮前全部死亡.杂交胚胎的DNA含量分布范围较大,大致可以分为两个水平,接近84％的胚胎的DNA含量介于二倍体与三倍体之间,约为对照组DNA含量的2.5倍;约有16％的胚胎的DNA含量在三倍体和四倍体之间.本研究认为,染色体非整倍体化可能会引起杂交胚胎细胞核质不相容,进而导致基因表达调控紊乱,从而使杂交胚胎不能正常发育,无法完成由母体卵黄供给的内源营养向外源营养的转换,成为导致杂交胚胎发育过程中大量死亡,以及杂交仔鱼在破膜之后开始进食之前全部死亡的一个重要原因. 相似文献
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虹鳟、棕鳟均为优质水产养殖品种,亚东鲑为棕鳟的同物异名,是19世纪西藏由欧洲引进。为探索杂种优势,对亚东鲑和虹鳟进行杂交试验,对其子一代幼鱼与虹鳟、棕鳟进行了体长和体质量测定。采用ITS1基因分析其遗传关系,并与巴基斯坦引进的棕鳟对比研究。结果发现F_1代体长、体质量增长快于虹鳟、棕鳟,其遗传多样性高于亚东鲑和虹鳟,略低于棕鳟,表明F1代具有一定杂种优势。此外,棕鳟较高的遗传多样性也反映出从巴基斯坦引进的发眼卵遗传背景较好,具有进一步养殖选育的潜力。 相似文献
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Competitive interactions between native and exotic salmonids: a combined field and laboratory demonstration 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Abstract – We studied the impact of two exotic salmonid species (brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ) on native brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ) habitat, growth and survival. Habitat selection and vertical distribution between young-of-the-year of the three species were examined in a stream aquarium under different sympatric and allopatric combinations. In addition, similar species combinations were introduced in a Pyrenean mountain stream (southwest France) in order to extend laboratory results to growth and apparent survival. Both laboratory and field results indicated that rainbow trout significantly affected native brown trout habitat selection and apparent survival. On the contrary, brown trout habitat, growth and apparent survival were hardly affected by brook trout. These results support the idea that rainbow trout negatively influence native brown trout, and that competition could influence the outcome of fish biological invasions in freshwater ecosystems. 相似文献
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Louis A. Helfrich Raymond Bark Charles R. Liston D. L. Weigmann Brent Mefford 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2004,35(2):268-273
Immediate and delayed (96 h) mortality, descaling, and injury rates of striped bass Morone sax-atilis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss that were inserted into the entrance (suction side) of a Hidrostal pump were compared to those of control fish that were inserted at the exit (pressure side). Comparisons were made in 158-paired trials of striped bass and 86 trials with rainbow trout. The Hidrostal pump had no significant effect on immediate or delayed (96 h) mortality. Immediate mortality for striped bass and rainbow trout averaged 0.1 and 0%, respectively, and delayed mortality averaged 2.9 and 0.1%, respectively. Mean scale loss after passage for striped bass and rainbow trout was low (0.2 and 1.0%, respectively). Frequency of injury to the head, eyes, skin, and tins of pumped striped bass averaged 1.9, 2.8, 1.9, and 18.7%, respectively, and those of rainbow trout averaged 2.3, 0, 2.4, and 3.1%. No significant relationships were detected between fish mortality and pump speed, injected fish density, and debris load. Results suggest that large Hidrostal pumps have the capacity to transport live striped bass and rainbow trout at high density (1-6 fish/L) with little mortality and body injury. 相似文献
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运用IFE-PAGE电泳技术,对施氏鲟(Acipenser schrencki Amur sturgeon)、小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus)、西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri Siberian sturgeon)、哲罗鲑(Huchotaimen Taimen)和虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykissgo Lden rainbow trout)5种鱼类卵黄蛋白等电点的特性进行研究,建立了比较成熟的测定卵黄蛋白等电点的实验方法。5种鱼类卵黄蛋白等电聚焦电泳图谱都为3条带,表明5种鱼都是由3种卵黄蛋白组成,哲罗鲑和虹鳟卵黄蛋白都属于酸性类型,与鲟形目这3种鱼卵黄蛋白等电点差别较大。 相似文献
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Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a viral disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Norway. However, in laboratory experiments, the virus has also been found to propagate in trout, Salmo trutta L., where it is a persistent infection. It is crucial for the management of ISA in Norway, and for the prevention of spread to fish in other countries, that possible carriers of the virus are found. Another possible salmonid reservoir species is the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). After experimental infection, the ISA virus was found to be present in O. mykiss as late 28 days after infection, with a peak around day 20. The infection resulted in a significant drop in the haematocrit and haemorrhages on the liver in some specimens. The ISA virus was seen budding from endothelial cells lining blood vessels in the heart ventricle of challenged rainbow trout. It is concluded that the ISA virus is able to propagate in O. mykiss and that this species may function as a reservoir when cultured in areas where the virus is found. The virus does not seem to cause any significant mortalities of infected rainbow trout. 相似文献
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为安全有效地提高虹鳟苗种成活率,应用1种生物制剂——抗菌肽对虹鳟苗种进行浸泡处理。通过比较苗种成活率,检测SOD、ALP、CAT、IL、IFN、TNF等6种免疫相关酶表达量,采用扫描电镜检测苗种体表细菌情况,确定抗菌肽浸泡对虹鳟成活率的影响。试验结果显示,自破膜期开始,用40%抗菌肽浸泡10次,试验组6种免疫相关酶表达量明显高于对照组,试验组苗种的成活率高达95%以上,对照组苗种的成活率则低于30%。电镜观察结果显示,试验组仔鱼体表细菌数量显著减少。试验结果表明,用抗菌肽浸泡法能显著提高虹鳟苗种成活率。 相似文献
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The present study evaluates if abdominal dis-tension caused by a water-filled stomach in seawater farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., could be provoked experimentally by live chilling in sea water (0.5 °C). Fifty rainbow trout and 50 salmon were visually classified, either as normal or suffering from the condition. Prior to chilling, no rainbow trout or salmon suffered from a water-filled stomach. During chilling, 25% of the rainbow trout and 2.5% of the salmon developed water-filled stomach. Affected rainbow trout had significantly higher blood plasma osmolality and significantly lower body weight than normal trout. The frequency of trout with a water-filled stomach increased significantly with increasing chilling time and increasing plasma osmolality. The regression coefficients revealed that the proportion of affected rainbow trout in-creased by 0.82% h−1 of chilling and by 0.46% per unit increase in mosmol L−1. The present study revealed that abdominal distension in seawater farmed rainbow trout was far more severe than in Atlantic salmon and could be provoked experimentally by osmoregulatory stress. This is consistent with the observation that water-filled stomach appear only occasionally in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):95-101
Paddlefish, "Polydon spathula," overwintered in monoculture and in polyculture with fingerling channel catfish, "Ictalurus punctatus," or with rainbow trout, "Oncorhynchus mykiss," were examined for growth and compatibility in nine 0.04-ha ponds. Paddlefish in polyculture had significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) individual weight gains than those in monoculture. Feed in polyculture treatments probably served as a fertilizer, promoting zooplankton production for paddlefish consumption and growth. Paddlefish in polyculture with fingerling channel catfish had significantly greater (P < 0.05) individual weight gains than paddlefish polycultured with rainbow trout, although there was less feed input with channel catfish than with rainbow trout. Bloody and frayed fins on paddlefish stocked with rainbow trout suggested fin nipping by rainbow trout which may have interfered with paddlefish feeding and growth. Paddlefish overwintered in polyculture with fingerling channel catfish demonstrated increased weight gains and good species compatibility. 相似文献