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1.
棉花苗期病害拮抗细菌的筛选及其防效测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从山东德州棉田采集病株根际土样12份,以棉花立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)为指示菌,采用对峙法对平板稀释法分离的菌株进行抑菌初筛,共筛选出具有拮抗作用的细菌菌株11支.其中D24菌株对上述指示菌皆有很强的拮抗效果,该菌的发酵液对棉花立枯丝核菌、棉花黑斑病菌(Alternaria macrospora)、棉花红腐病菌(Fusarium moniliforme)、棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)4种常见的棉花苗期病菌也有很好的抑制作用.室内小区试验表明,棉苗用D24菌株发酵液处理后,防效可达50.1%. 相似文献
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Wang Jing Zhai Weibo Meng Jing Gao Huan Shi Jinyan Zhang Wenwei Han Rong Qi Fangjun 《棉花学报》2018,30(6):486-491
[Objective] Cotton Alternaria leaf spot disease causes serious damage during cotton production. The aim of this study was the optimization of an inoculation method for cotton Alternaria leaf spot. [Method] An Alternaria alternata spore suspension was used as the inoculum. Three inoculation methods were tested and compared: smearing with spores plus retaining moisture using a sealed plastic bag; smearing with spores plus retaining moisture by intermittently spraying with water; and spraying spores plus retaining moisture by intermittently spraying with water. [Result] Inoculated cotton leaves were most readily infected by smearing with spores plus intermittently spraying with water. This inoculation method was effective for distinguishing resistant cotton cultivars from susceptible ones, but often caused nonuniform disease lesions on cotton leaves; thus, the incidence of diseased leaves was random and somewhat nonuniform. Spraying spores plus retaining moisture by intermittently spraying with water led to a relatively longer disease pathogenesis and slower disease progression; however, the incidence of diseased leaves was relatively consistent and uniform, thus providing repeatable inoculation experimental conditions compared with the other two inoculation methods. [Conclusion] Spraying spores plus retaining moisture by intermittently spraying with water is a suitable inoculation method for studying cotton resistance to Alternaria leaf spot. 相似文献
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华重楼是重要的中药材,近年来,华重楼病害已成为制约四川华重楼产量和品质提高的重要因素之一。本研究对四川种植区华重楼病害进行了调查,共调查到主要危害华重楼病害有4种。通过组织分离法对相应的病原菌进行分离,并对病原菌进行致病性测定、形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定。试验结果显示,结合病原菌形态特征及r DNA-ITS、HSP60、G3PDH、RPB2、TEF、ACT、LSU、Alt琢1、TUB基因序列分析,并构建多基因分子系统发育树,鉴定出引起华重楼4种真菌病害病原菌,分别为华重楼叶枯病(Epicoccum sorghinu)、褐斑病(Alternaria tenuissima)、灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)和黑斑病(Alternaria alternata)。目前,危害华重楼的最为严重的病害是灰霉病、褐斑病和叶枯病。华重楼主要病害的调查及病原菌种类的鉴定为华重楼病害的防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
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[Objective] Since 2015, there has been a new cotton boll disease in Xinjiang cotton fields which was obviously different from the common boll rot, leading to stiffness and cracking boll. Olive-black mildew layer was observed on the surface of diseased bolls under wet conditions. It is of great significance to clarify the types of pathogens for the prevention of the disease. [Method] From 20 cotton planting locations of Xinjiang, 38 samples of stiffness and cracking boll disease were collected, and the pathogens were isolated and purified by conventional dilution separation and single-spore separation. And 20 representative strains were selected according to sampling location, cotton varieties and colony characteristics. The selected strains were identified by morphological observation and sequence analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS), actin (ACT) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) gene. According to Koch’s law, the spore suspensions of three representative strains C2, C13 and C7 were inoculated to observe and record the incidence of the disease, and the diseased bolls were used for re-separation to observe the similarities and differences between the re-isolated strains and the inoculated strains. [Result] The result shows that these isolates belong to the Cladosporium, and according to its morphological characteristics and molecular biology analysis, 13 of the 20 strains belong to C. cladosporioides, 4 strains belong to C. velox, 3 strains belong to C. limoniforme. The symptoms of three representative strains C2, C13 and C7 were similar to those in the field when inoculated with injuries, and the disease spread was slower when inoculated without injuries. The inoculated strains can be separated from the lesions. [Conclusion] The new cotton boll disease causing stiffness and cracking in Xinjiang cotton fields is caused by three species of Cladosporium, C. cladosporioides, C. velox and C. limoniforme, with C. cladosporioides as the dominant species. 相似文献
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基于COSIM模型的棉花冷害预测研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了防御和减轻新疆地区棉花低温冷害,对冷害发生进行可行性预测,本文运用COSIM棉花模型逐年模拟石河子地区乌兰乌苏1961－2005年、喀什地区莎车1961－2009年的棉花生长状况,对模拟结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,棉花吐絮日期和7月1日、8月1日、9月1日等关键日期的生物量与冷害是否发生具有显著的相关关系;运用模型预测的准确率、漏报率、空报率对冷害预报因子进行优度评价,认为吐絮期日期、7月1日的发育期指数、8月1日的叶质量占总干物质质量比例和9月1日的生殖器官质量均可以作为冷害预报的要素指标,在新疆棉区应用取得较好的结果,其中用于南疆棉区的冷害预测结果符合度达到97%以上。这说明基于作物模型进行冷害预测是可行的。 相似文献
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[Objective] Based on the representative 236 cotton varieties in Xinjiang, the resistance of cotton to mites was identified, and the waxy content and waxy components of leaves were analyzed to lay a foundation for cotton breeding. [Method] In the cotton seedling stage, the waxy content of the leaves of different cotton varieties was determined, and the waxy components of the leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. [Result] Most cotton varieties are sensitive to the damage of cotton mites. There were 2 high resistance varieties, 3 resistant materials, 22 medium resistant materials, 207 sensitive materials and 2 high-sensitivity materials in 236 cotton materials. The waxy content on the surface of cotton leaves was significantly negatively correlated with leaf damage levels. The waxy components of cotton leaves were mainly alkane compounds, containing a small amount of esters, ethers and fatty acids. The content of alkanes and esters in waxy leaves of high-resistance cotton germplasm materials was higher than that of high-sensitivity materials. The compound with the largest difference in content are C24H50, C35H72 and C17H36. [Conclusion] These results lay a foundation for further study on the effects of waxy content on host selection and mite resistance of cotton mites. 相似文献
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AM真菌对苗期棉花根系形态特征的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】为探讨不同盐度土壤土著丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌对苗期棉花根系形态的影响。【方法】采用in-growth生长系统进行了田间原位研究。【结果】低盐(σ1.0 m S·cm~(-1))、中盐(σ2.1 m S·cm~(-1))、高盐(σ4.0 m S·cm~(-1))土壤条件下,土著AM真菌侵染显著增加了棉花株高、叶片数、蕾数、叶面积指数,说明土著AM真菌能够改善棉花的生长提高耐盐能力。土著AM真菌显著提高了总根长、根体积、根表面积以及直径(d)≤0.5 mm细根根长,低盐土壤条件下土著AM真菌显著增加了d≤0.5 mm细根的根长占总根长的百分比。相关分析表明,棉花总根长、d≤0.5 mm的细根根长与菌根侵染率、叶片磷、钾浓度及吸收量呈显著正相关,与叶片钠浓度呈显著负相关关系;棉花总生物量与叶片吸磷量、吸钾量极显著正相关。【结论】上述结果说明盐渍化土壤中的土著AM真菌侵染对棉花植株的磷、钾等营养状况的改善和棉株钠、氯效应的降低,与土著AM真菌促进细根生长、提高细根根长占总根长的比例有关。 相似文献
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为明确柳叶蜡梅(Chimonanthus salicifolius)的叶部病害的病原种类,进行病叶病原分离鉴定。本研究对福建省寿宁县福瑞泰生物技术有限责任公司种植基地的柳叶腊梅叶斑病病叶采用离体组织分离法进行分离,对分离的病原菌采用形态学结合分子方法（rDNA-ITS和TUB序列）进行鉴定,并对该致病菌菌丝体在不同温度、pH、光照、碳源、氮源及致死温度等条件下的生物学特性进行了研究。病原菌分离株经形态特征观测及rDNA-ITS和TUB序列分析比对,将寿宁县柳叶腊梅叶斑病病原菌分离株鉴定为半知菌门、丝孢纲、弯孢属、间型弯孢霉(Curvularia. intermedia)。生物学特性结果显示：此菌菌丝体生长最适生长温度为30℃、最适pH 8、最适碳源为葡萄糖、蔗糖及麦芽糖、最适氮源为硝酸钾、酵母粉及硝酸钠;光暗交替不影响菌丝生长;菌丝体致死温度为52℃。分离鉴定了福建省寿宁县柳叶腊梅叶斑病病害的主要病原菌是弯孢霉,其生物特性测定结果显示对环境适应性强。 相似文献
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美人蕉叶斑病病原菌的生物学特性及其抑菌药剂筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确美人蕉叶斑病病原菌（Alternaria alternata）的生物学特性以及筛选最适常用药剂,为美人蕉叶斑病的防治提供科学依据。对引起美人蕉叶斑病的病原菌进行生物学特性观察,并对其进行室内药剂筛选。结果表明：该病原菌菌丝生长的最适温度为28℃,致死温度为45℃,碳源和氮源分别以蔗糖和硝酸钠为佳,在pH为3~10的范围内均能生长,生长最适pH为7,光照条件和通气状况对菌丝生长没有明显影响。在供试的5种药剂中,10%苯醚甲环唑效果最好,在推荐的使用浓度下相对抑菌率达到100%。 相似文献
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Li Shezeng Niu Luxin Li Bochao Chen Xiuye Liu Chang Lu Xiuyun Guo Qinggang Ma Ping Ma Zhiying 《棉花学报》2021,32(6):501-521
[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the cotton differential metabolites in the interaction between Verticillium dahliae and cotton plant, and to explore new clues for the further study on the defense mechanism of cotton against V. dahliae. [Method] To obtain the cotton root, stem and leaf samples of the pathogen treated and healthy controls, the upland cotton cultivar CCRI 24 was selected as tested cotton material in this paper, and inoculated with V. dahliae conidia or sterile water by injuring root at the 2-true-leaf stage. The 70% (volume fraction) methanol extracts of these samples were separated and detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS), and the metabolite data were obtained by the online XCMS software. Through multivariate statistics and student’s t-test, the differential metabolites were investigated. The types of metabolites were putatively identified based on the comparison of the experimental molecular mass and the monoisotopic accurate molecular mass of cotton metabolites. [Result] The efficiency of negative ion mode was higher than that of positive ion detection mode in the cotton metabolites in UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. 576 ions mainly distributed in cotton root were found in the cotton seedling tissues including root, stem and leaf, which were the distinguished differential metabolites between V. dahliae treatment and healthy control. Among them, 77 ions were identified as sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, aliphatics and phenols. In addition to sesquiterpenes, 17 compounds, including caffeic acid, astragalin, isoastragalin, dillenetin, ent-catechin, gossypetin 8-rhamnoside, gossypicyanin, herbacetin 7-glucoside, leucocyanidin, quercetin 3'-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 7-glycosides, α,2',3,3',4,4',6-heptahydroxychalcone 2'-glucoside, melibiose, sucrose, sucrose 6-phosphate and 1-tetratriacontanol, had not been reported in the literatures on the interaction between V. dahliae and cotton, which may be the novel pathogenesis-related metabolites on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Conclusion] The putative pathogenesis-related metabolites of cotton Verticillium wilt may play an important role in the interaction of cotton defense against V. dahliae, which provides an important clue for exploring the new resistant mechanism of cotton to Verticillium wilt. 相似文献
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Liu Tingli Xi Hui Kan Jialiang Lu Xuanyu Hua Sheng Fan Chunchen Ling Xitie Wang Jinyan Chen Tianzi Yang Yuwen Ai Nijiang Zhao Jianjun Zhang Baolong 《棉花学报》2017,29(6):541-549
[Objective] This research focused on determining the strains variation and pathogenic differentiation of Verticillium dahliae from cotton in north of Xinjiang. [Method] Seventeen Verticillium dahliae single spore strains were recovered from cotton in northern Xinjiang. Cultural characteristics, pathotype, pathogenicity and ISSR genetic variation of these strains were studied. [Result] The results indicated that all the examined strains were sclerotia type and the defoliating and non-defoliating strains accounted for 76.5% and 23.5%, respectively. The average disease index of defoliating strains (58.72) was slightly higher than non-defoliating strains (52.7). Comparing with nondefoliating strains, defoliating strains had higher disease index on Simian 3 cultivar and lower disease index on Ao 3503. Based on average disease index, the tested isolates could be divided into strong pathogenic type, middle pathogenic type and weak pathogenic type. No strains were weak pathogenicity, while the strong pathogenic strains and middle strains occupied for 94.12% and 5.88%, respectively. The genetic variation of these isolates was wide from ISSR fingerprint analysis and had certain correlation to pathotype. Most of the defoliating strains and non-defoliating strains were in different clades, respectively. The results also showed three defoliating strains xj13-3①, xj13-3② and xj13-3③ isolated from the same field were in different sub-clades. [Conclusion] These results indicate complicated genetic variation ofVerticillium dahliae in northern Xinjiang. 相似文献
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Plant Growth Promoter Effects on the Growth and Yield of Transplanted Cotton in Northern Jiangxi 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Zhang Yunxi Xia Shaonan Yang Maonan Li Yongqi Zhang Lijuan Xie Yetao Li Zhixin Dong Helin 《棉花学报》2019,31(3):233-241
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of six plant growth promoters on the growth and development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and to determine which is most beneficial for enhancing cotton yield in northern Jiangxi Province, China. [Methods] Foliar treatments of naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellin, cytokinin, brassinolide, sodium polyphenol sodium and amine fresh ester were applied at the three-leaf, squaring, first flowering and peak flowering stages of transplanted cotton in the northern Jiangxi region. Cotton growth and development in response to these promoters were investigated, and a pure water spray served as the control. Yield, yield component and agronomic trait data were collected during various growth periods. [Results] Cytokinin and sodium nitrate significantly facilitated the growth of cotton during the early and middle seasons. A more rapid boll setting was achieved by sodium nitrophenolate during the peak flowering stage. Amines promoted cotton growth throughout the plant’s lifecycle, and the plant leaf area and biomass values were the greatest among all the treatments. The brassinolide treatment resulted in a stronger resistance to adverse environmental stresses, and it produced larger bolls and higher cotton yields. Although naphthalene acetic acid had little effects on the growth and development of cotton during the early and middle seasons, a final yield increase was evident. Gibberellin negatively affected the late growth of cotton and led to smaller plant architectural structures and boll weights. The combination of brassinolide and amine fresh ester did not present any advantage over their independent applications. [Conclusion] The growth and development of cotton were significantly increased by the independent foliar applications of six plant promoters at the seedling, squaring, first flowering and peak flowering stages, resulting in seed cotton yield increases of 2.43%–10.4% under seedling transplanting conditions in northern Jiangxi Province. Therefore, we suggest that cytokinin or sodium nitrophenolate can be applied at the cotton seedling and squaring stages and that brassinolide or amine ester can be applied at the flowering and fruiting stage 相似文献
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双向电泳联用质谱技术研究棉苗对细极链格孢菌蛋白激发子诱导的应答 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
采用双向电泳和质谱技术分析了细极链格孢菌蛋白激发子对棉苗诱导的全蛋白质组,建立二者间的差异表达图谱,并对差异蛋白进行了鉴定及分析归类。结果表明,蛋白质分子质量在10～100 kD之间、等电点3～10范围内,每块胶分离到约600个蛋白质点。得到了大约53个差异蛋白点,其中有31个为上调蛋白,22个为下调蛋白。对PEAT诱导后表达量明显增加的 7个上调蛋白点用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)进行肽质量指纹谱的分析,并通过检索不同的数据库进行蛋白质鉴定与功能预测,获得了4个蛋白的肽质量指纹图谱,经数据库检索鉴定分析,GH-1、GH-3、GH-6推测为核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶基因家簇,GH-7推测为-S-腺苷一蛋氨酸合成酶。 相似文献
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2株放线菌的抗菌活性及分类学地位 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
旨在对2株放线菌HD-103和HD-109的抗菌活性和发酵液稳定性进行比较分析,并明确2株菌的分类学地位。以13种植物病原真菌为靶标菌,利用琼脂柱法分析2株生防菌的抗菌谱;以尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.glycines)为指示菌,利用杯碟法检测2株生防菌发酵液的热稳定性、pH稳定性及紫外稳定性,并进行比较分析;在此基础上采用多相分类法对2株菌进行鉴定。研究结果显示：2株菌的抗真菌谱均较广,其中HD-103对禾谷镰刀菌(Fusariumgraminearumf.sp.Glycines)的抑制效果最显著,抑菌圈直径达到23.7mm,HD-109对烟草赤星病菌(Alternariaalternate)抑制效果最好,抑菌圈直径达25.0mm;HD-103的抗菌活性物质较HD-109的活性物质更为稳定;分类学鉴定结果表明,菌株HD-103与HD-109为微白黄链霉菌(Streptomycesalbidoflavus)的2个菌株。菌株HD-103与HD-109能够抑制多种植物病原真菌,其发酵液具有较好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,具有开发为新型生物农药的潜力。 相似文献
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中国芝麻主产区枯萎病病原菌生物学特性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了鉴定中国芝麻主产区枯萎病菌,分析和比较它们的ITS序列差异和分化状况。对中国湖北、河南、安徽、江西、辽宁等芝麻主产区进行了较大范围的芝麻枯萎病病原采集和菌株分离,纯化培养得到的25个菌株进行研究,并建立了一套较成熟的芝麻枯萎病菌株分离培养纯化及保存技术。通过对25个菌株的菌落、菌核的形态特征进行了系统观察,测定了不同菌株的致病力,并对其rDNA-ITS区进行了测序。结果表明,大部分为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),有少部分为其他镰刀菌菌株。首次对中国Fusarium oxysporum感染芝麻枯萎病提供了系统的证据,25个菌株在表型和致病力等方面存在较为明显的差异,为有针对性的开展芝麻枯萎病的防治奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
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三种草花种子寄藏真菌检测与鉴定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用平皿培养方法分别对三种草花共计9个品种的种子样品进行了种子寄藏真菌检测和纯化、鉴定.结果表明,一串红两个品种的种子样品寄藏真菌带菌率最高,分别达到72.5%和54.0%,万寿菊三个品种的种子样品寄藏真菌带菌率分别为11.5%、13.0%和11.5%,矮牵牛四个品种的种子样品带菌率在17.0%～50.5%之间变化.三种草花种子寄藏真菌共有9种类型,根据其形态特征鉴定为链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata、A.tenuissina、A.tenuissima)、毛壳菌(Chaetomium sp.)、青霉属(Penicillium sp.),编号为B、C、G、H的四种分离物的分类地位待定.研究结果表明,链格孢菌是一串红、万寿菊和矮牵牛三种草花种子寄藏真菌的优势菌群. 相似文献
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Feng Guoyi Wang Shulin Qi Hong Zhang Qian Lei Xiaopeng Wang Yan Liang Qinglong Lin Yongzeng 《棉花学报》2018,30(4):291-299
[Objective] The effects of sowing date on the yield and quality formation of two different cotton cultivars were studied under machine-picked conditions in the coastal saline-alkali area of Eastern Hebei Province, China to identify the optimal sowing date and harvest method to improve cotton yield and quality consistency. [Method] The experiments were conducted in the state-run Haixing farm in Hebei Province during 2017 with a cotton crop seeded in 2016. The hybrid cotton Jiza 2 and conventional cotton Shikang 126 were used in this experiment. Varieties were tested using three sowing dates: April 15 (B1), April 25 (B2), and May 5 (B3) as the main plot. Six harvest dates were also used as subplots in this experiment: September 10, September 20, September 30, October 10, October 20, and October 30. [Results] The lint yield of Jiza 2 was nearly 1 400 kg·hm－2 when the sowing date was May 5. Conversely, the highest lint yield for Shikang 126 was obtained when the cotton was sown on April 25. The yield associated with different sowing times was mainly formed in September, with this month accounting for more than 75% of yield. The fiber quality was better in September than October. The fiber quality of Jiza 2 was improved with a delay inthe sowing date. The best fiber quality for Shikang 126 was obtained with the April 25 sowing date. There was a small difference between the micronaire, fiber length, and length uniformity with different September harvest times. The fiber quality index was optimized and the consistency of the micronaire, upper half mean length, and length uniformity were higher with Shikang 126 before September 20 when sown on April 25. [Conclusion] Comprehensive consideration of yield and quality index indicated that hybrid cotton Jiza 2 performed best when sown on May 5 and harvested for the first time at the end of September. The conventional cotton Shikang 126 should be sown around April 25 and harvested for the first time on the last ten-day of September. 相似文献