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1.
不同磷效率棉花根系形态和磷酸酶活性对供磷强度的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
【目的】研究不同磷效率棉花品种的根系形态和磷酸酶活性对不同供磷强度的响应。【方法】以前期筛选获得的磷高效品种新陆早19号和磷低效品种新陆早13号为材料,通过营养液培养比较不同供磷强度下各品种生物量、磷含量、根系形态和磷酸酶活性的变化。【结果】供磷强度达到50μmol·L~(-1)后,棉花生物量和根系长度不再随供磷强度增加而增加。棉花根表分泌磷酸酶活性随供磷强度增加而急剧下降,营养液实际p H下根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性与植株磷浓度显著负相关。根系形态对供磷强度的响应不敏感,仅在不供磷与供磷条件下存在显著差异。2个品种在磷效率方面的差异主要表现在磷的利用效率上,在供磷强度为0~250μmol·L~(-1)条件下,新陆早19号的磷利用效率显著高于新陆早13号。【结论】棉花根系形态特征参数和根系分泌质子与有机酸的数量对供磷强度的响应不敏感。不同磷利用效率品种的发现对于今后棉花节磷增效的生物学潜力与调控途径的研究提供了十分有效的实验材料。  相似文献   

2.
[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate nitrogen efficient cotton germplasms and improve nitrogen use efficiency. [Method] Eighty cotton germplasms were selected and evaluated in the hydroponic experiment under low (0.25 mmol·L－1) and high (5 mmol·L－1) nitrogen concentration. Different traits for screening were identified and nitrogen use efficiency types were classified. Field experiments were also performed for comparison and confirmation of the identified germplasms. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in the total plant dry matter, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency in cotton germplasms at the two nitrogen levels. Based on coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and correlation, six traits including total plant dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total nitrogen accumulation, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency were used as screening indicators. According to the Heatmap clustering analysis and the nitrogen efficiency comprehensive index, two germplasms (Lu05R59 and CCRI 69) were identified as low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient, and two germplasms (Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30) as low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient. The results of field experiment were consistent with the results of the hydroponic culture at the seedling stage. [Conclusion] It was finally determined that Lu05R59 and CCRI 69 were the low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient germplasms, and Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30 were low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient germplasms. The results of these studies provide the possibility for screening and rapid identification of nitrogen use efficiency in cotton at the seedling stage, and provide the ideal materials and theoretical basis for further study of cotton nitrogen efficient.  相似文献   

3.
机采棉杂交后代主要株型性状与产量和品质的关系   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  
【目的】从株型、产量及品质众多复杂因素中找出影响机械化生产较大的因素并进行遗传改良,选育适宜机械化生产的高产优质品种,提高棉花育种的效率。【方法】以陆地棉Z571与中棉所49杂交的F2:3群体为研究对象,应用统计软件SAS V8等分析其农艺性状的变异、方差和相关性。【结果】F2:3群体株系材料间农艺性状发生了显著分离,且后代中出现了许多超亲个体,在田间进行选择时要注意农艺性状之间复杂的关系;株高、单株果枝数与单位面积籽棉产量呈极显著正相关;单株果枝数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著负相关,与马克隆值呈现正相关;单株营养枝数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著正相关,与马克隆值呈现显著负相关;产量构成因素中的单位面积铃数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著正相关,与马克隆值呈极显著负相关,铃重和品质性状的相关性与单位面积铃数相反。【结论】株型性状与产量和品质之间均存在显著或极显著的遗传相关;高产高品质的株型特征为单株营养枝数较多;选育高产优质的棉花新品种时要选择铃数较多、铃重较小的材料。  相似文献   

4.
棉花上部叶片叶绿素SPAD值动态变化研究   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
为了探索利用叶绿素SPAD值在不同生育阶段进行棉花营养诊断的方法,以2个早熟品种（‘中棉所36’、‘中棉所50’）和2个中熟品种（‘中棉所41’、‘鲁棉28’）为对象,研究了棉花主茎倒1至倒4叶在全生育期的叶绿素SPAD值动态变化,并研究了氮、磷施用量对鲁棉28蕾期、花期和吐絮期主茎功能叶的SPAD值影响。结果表明：2个早熟品种的棉花主茎叶全生育期SPAD值呈现倒一叶<倒二叶<倒三叶<倒四叶的规律,2个中熟品种在盛铃期以前主茎4片叶SPAD值也呈现和早熟品种一样的规律,但盛铃期以后SPAD值叶序变化不规则。在吐絮前,棉花主茎倒四叶SPAD值可以作为棉株营养诊断的参考,早熟品种棉花主茎倒一叶或倒二叶吐絮前10天和吐絮后10天左右的SPAD差值大小可以作为棉株衰老程度的参考值,中熟品种棉花主茎倒三叶吐絮前15天和吐絮后15天左右的SPAD差值大小可以作为棉株衰老程度的参考值。本试验条件下,纯氮用量高于270 kg/hm2,吐絮期主茎功能叶SPAD值与不施氮处理差异极显著,高氮处理利于主茎功能叶在吐絮期维持较高的SPAD值;纯P2O5用量在120 kg/hm2即能使吐絮期主茎功能叶维持较高的SPAD值,增加磷肥用量SPAD值反而下降。  相似文献   

5.
棉花氮素营养特性研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
氮素是棉株体内的主要结构元素,是限制棉花高产的主要因子之一。综述了氮肥运筹对棉花生物质积累、叶绿素SPAD值、产量构成因素、磷钾吸收与分配以及纤维品质的影响,结合近期有关棉花氮肥后移效应的研究进展,得出在一定范围内,提高氮肥用量有利于棉株生物质积累和功能叶片较高的叶绿素SPAD值;不同种植密度下,适量的氮肥用量,有利于单株铃数和单铃重提高,对衣分影响较小;适量的氮肥用量,有利于提高棉株对磷钾的吸收利用效率;氮肥可以影响纤维品质,不同学者结果存在差异;适量的氮肥后移,有利于延缓棉花衰老,延长花铃期。  相似文献   

6.
[Objective] The effects of nitrogen (N) application rates on cotton yield, nutrient uptake and utilization rate, soil available N and urease activity were investigated in low-fertility cotton fields of the Yellow River Basin. [Methods] Six N application rate treatments, 0, 90, 180, 270, 360 and 450 kg·hm－2 (N0, N90, N180, N270, N360 and N450, respectively), were established using cotton CCRI 79 in the field during 2016 and 2017. The cotton yield, dry matter quality, N, phosphorus and potassium accumulation levels, N use efficiency, 0–100-cm soil layer ammonium and nitrate N contents, 0–100-cm soil layer urease activity and other indicators were investigated. [Results] (1) Compared with N0, the N treatments significantly increased seed cotton yield, except the N90 treatment in 2016. Two years of N360 treatments significantly increased the number of bolls per cotton plant, while no significant differences were found among the seed cotton yields with other N treatments. The N application rates had no significant effect on lint percentage. (2) Compared with N0, N applications significantly increased the cotton dry matter accumulation. The accumulation of N, phosphorus and potassium in cotton increased along with the N application rates in the 90–360 kg·hm－2 range. The levels of N, phosphorus and potassium in N450-treated cotton decreased compared with N360-treated cotton. As the N application rates increased, the N agronomic efficiency and N fertilizer partial productivity of cotton decreased. When the N application rates exceeded 360 kg·hm－2, the N physiological efficiency began to decrease, but there were no significant differences among treatments. (3) The nitrate N contents in the 41–80-cm soil layers of the treatments, except for N90, significantly increased compared with N0. The nitrate N contents in the 41–80-cm soil layers of N270-, N360- and N450-treated cotton were significantly increased compared with those of N0, N90 and N180. However, N applications had no significant effects on the ammonium N contents in the soil. (4) The soil urease activities increased when N application rates were less than 360 kg·hm－2, and then decreased when the N application rates were greater than 360 kg·hm－2. [Conclusion] The optimum N application rate was 277.0 kg·hm－2. When the N application rates were greater than 360 kg·hm－2, the nitrate N contents in the soil increased. However, the nutrient accumulation levels and the N fertilization efficiencies decreased, and the soil urease activities were inhibited. No obvious increase in cotton yield was observed.  相似文献   

7.
转Bt基因抗虫棉中棉所30的碳、氮代谢特征   总被引：19，自引：5，他引：19  
本试验在田间条件下研究了转Bt基因抗虫棉中棉所30的碳、氮代谢特征,于各主要生育期测定了棉株地上部营养器官的全N、非蛋白质N和可溶性糖及淀粉含量.研究结果表明,与轮回亲本中棉所16相比,中棉所30苗蕾期的C/N较低,非蛋白质N含量较高,N代谢比较旺盛;初花期至盛花期的C/N则较高,C代谢明显加强;进入结铃早期,中棉所30叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉及营养体中非蛋白质N的含量均下降,反映出其"根源”和"叶源”的功能已减弱,表现出早衰迹象.为了改善转Bt基因抗虫棉中棉所30的生育状况,提高其产量和品质,"促源”是根本.  相似文献   

8.
棉花不同品种钾吸收效率差异的根系形态学和生理学机理   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  
用6个棉花品种作为试验材料,通过水培试验比较其对钾的吸收能力,研究其根系形态学、生理学特征和K+吸收动力学参数。结果表明,低钾胁迫下,钾高效品种中棉所64的根干物质质量、根体积、根活跃吸收面积、根活跃比表面积最大,根系活力最强;钾高效品种中棉所35的根干物质质量较大、根长而细,根总吸收面积最大,根总比表面积都最大,根系活力也较强,且K+最大吸收速率Imax最大,最小临界浓度Cmin较小,耐低钾能力强。而钾低效品种中棉所50和中植棉2号的根系形态学等指标都较差,根系活力较弱,且Imax也较小。该研究不仅有助于阐明棉花耐低钾胁迫的机理,而且能评价不同品种对低钾的适应能力。  相似文献   

9.
棉花芽黄材料主要光合特性和农艺性状的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以v1、v2、v3、v4、v5v6、v8、v9、v10、v11、v13、v14、v15、v16v17、v18、v19、vg和彭泽芽黄等17份芽黄突变体材料及中棉所58突变体中58vsp为研究对象,测定了各材料不同时期不同叶位的SPAD值、叶绿素荧光参数最大光化学效率值(Fv/Fm)和光系统Ⅱ量子产量(φPSⅡ),同时对各芽黄突变体材料的主要农艺性状和纤维品质性状进行了调查和研究。结果表明,芽黄材料作为一种叶色突变体,其叶片相对叶绿素含量在不同时期、不同叶位的差异较大,各芽黄材料均以倒5叶或倒4叶的SPAD值最高,刚展平的倒2叶的SPAD值最小,其中中58vsp的倒2叶SPAD值最低;随着植株的发育,所有芽黄材料在7月5日、15日其倒4、倒5叶的SPAD值达到最大。与光合作用密切相关的最大光化学效率值(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ量子产量(φPSⅡ)在各芽黄突变体材料之间差异也较大,其中v2最高,v3、v19最低。另外还发现各芽黄突变体材料的主要农艺性状和纤维品质性状存在较大的差异。本文对于不同芽黄突变体材料特性的初步研究,将为更好地将芽黄突变体用于棉花遗传育种和分子生物学研究打下了理论基础。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】定位棉花产量相关性状的数量性状基因座(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)。【方法】以中棉所70的F_2分离群体为遗传作图群体,利用从14 820对简单序列重复(Simple sequence repeat,SSR)引物中筛选出的267对两亲本间的多态性引物检测F_2群体250个单株的标记基因型,利用Joinmap 4.0进行连锁分析,并通过WinQTLCart 2.5复合区间作图法对F_(2:3)群体的株高、单株结铃数和单株果枝数性状进行QTL定位。【结果】在F_2群体中共获得342个SSR标记位点,并构建了包括312个标记、35个连锁群,总长1 929.9 cM的遗传连锁图谱(标记间平均距离为9.2 cM,覆盖棉花基因组的43.4%)。经QTL定位,共检测到19个QTL,其中涉及株高的7个、单株果枝数4个、单株结铃数8个,这些QTL分布在8条染色体上,解释0.25%~11.28%的表型变异。【结论】这些与农艺性状相关的QTL有助于棉花产量分子标记辅助选择。  相似文献   

11.
膜下滴灌条件下根区水分对棉花根系生长及产量的调节   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
在新疆气候生态条件下,选用对土壤水分敏感性不同的棉花品种为试材,采用土柱栽培法,探讨膜下滴灌条件下根区水分对棉花根系生长与活性及产量的调节作用。结果表明:滴水前耕层土壤相对含水量在50%～55%、滴水后可保持在70%～75%的根区水分环境下,棉花根系的生长发育进程受到了一定程度的抑制,根系生物量降低,但提高了40～100cm土层根系分布的比例和根系活力,降低了根冠比,提高了经济系数,最终产量增加。不同品种对滴水量的反应差异较大,新陆早8号在常规滴灌和充分滴灌量下,子棉产量高于新陆早6号;在限量滴灌量下则显著低于新陆早6号。因此,依据不同品种对水分反应的差异,在滴水周期为7～8d、滴水定额为375～450m3.hm-2的条件下,结合滴灌棉田土壤水分可控性强的特点,制定相应的灌溉制度,可实现膜下滴灌棉田节水高产高效。  相似文献   

12.
灌溉方式和施氮量对棉花生长及氮素利用效率的影响   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  
 设置2年田间小区试验,探讨了不同灌溉方式及施氮量对棉花生物量、氮素吸收量、皮棉产量及氮素效率的影响。结果表明,与漫灌相比滴灌显著增加了棉花生物量、氮素吸收量、皮棉产量以及氮肥利用率;滴灌棉花地上部各器官干物质积累量和氮素吸收量显著大于漫灌,而地下部干物质积累量和氮素吸收量显著低于漫灌,滴灌条件下较好的水分条件抑制了棉花根系生长而促进地上部生长。施用氮肥显著提高了棉花生物量、氮素吸收量。皮棉产量在施氮量为360 kg·hm-2时最大,过高氮肥投入无助于棉花产量提高。随着施氮量的增加,氮肥利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力均显著降低。灌溉方式与施氮量互作效应对棉花单株铃数及皮棉产量产生显著影响。  相似文献   

13.
[Objective]We aimed to prove the effects of limited irrigation on the regulation of soil moisture, growth, and yield in different mature cotton varieties in the Yellow River region. [Method] Using the early maturing cotton variety CCRI 50, earlier middle maturing variety Nongdamian 601 (ND 601), and medium maturing variety Jimian 958 (JM 958) as test materials, field tests were carried out using both conventional irrigation (W1) and limited irrigation (proper irrigation before sowing, no irrigation during growing period; W2). The traits of interest were measured, including leaf area index, water use efficiency, and yield. [Result] The dry matter quality of the three varieties was significantly lower with the W2 treatment, with the greatest reduction observed in CCRI 50 (P＜0.05). Compared with the W1 treatment, the yield of the three varieties under the W2 treatment decreased significantly, with the greatest reduction observed in the early maturing variety CCRI 50. The water use efficiency of CCRI 50 decreased significantly while that of ND 601 and JM 958 improved significantly during the two study years. [Conclusion] ND 601 and JM 958 have good adaptability to moderate drought stress and W2 treatment can improve the water use efficiency of these varieties to obtain the ideal output level. CCRI 50 is sensitive to moisture; it is difficult to form a high yield population for this variety under W2 treatment.  相似文献   

14.
不同基因型棉花地上部干物质积累对氮素的响应   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
选取有代表性的3个棉花品种(美国抗虫棉33B、常规棉中棉所12和抗虫杂交棉中棉所46),在大田试验条件下测定不同施氮处理下(0、90、180、270、360kg.hm-2)的叶面积指数(LAI)、地上部干物质量和植株氮浓度的动态变化。运用指数线性生长模型对棉花地上部干物质积累过程进行模拟,并用幂函数模拟棉花氮稀释效应。结果表明:(1)棉花地上部干物质增长过程可以用指数线性模型模拟,模型参数能较好地反映基因型和氮肥处理对地上部干物质积累的影响。(2)棉花地上部氮浓度随干物质的增长而降低,模型能较好地反映不同基因型棉花氮素吸收能力的差异。(3)通过对棉花地上部干物质增长和氮稀释效应的模拟分析,认为田间最佳施氮水平为180kg.hm-2,过量施氮对3个棉花品种的干物质积累和地上部植株氮素吸收增加无明显影响。  相似文献   

15.
[Objective] To explore the feasibility of rapid and accurate diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition index investigeted nitrogen nutrition index and hyperspectral index in different varieties of drip irrigation cotton. [Method] Five cotton varieties with different characters were selected as the research object under different fertilization conditions, the correlation between nitrogen nutrient index and 17 spectral indices was explored. Then the diagnosis model of nitrogen nutrition was established and verified. [Results] The difference of nitrogen nutrition index among different cotton varieties of drip-irrigation was significant, the hybrid cotton could approach the best condition of nitrogen nutrition level more quickly. In the multiple regression model of nitrogen nutrition index based on hyperspectral analysis, Lumianyan 24 had the highest R2, which reached the high level of 0.8. The precision of the model established by Lumianyan 24 was the highest under two years' data verification. [Conclusion] The hyperspectral monitoring model based on nitrogen nutrition index can be used to monitor nitrogen nutrient status of plant. The results of this experiment can provide theoretical basis for precision fertilization in later stage agriculture.  相似文献   

16.
[Objective] Phosphorus is one of three major required nutrients for cotton growth and development. A phosphorus deficiency will lead to retarded cotton growth, undeveloped roots, and the abscission of buds and bolls, which results in serious reductions in cotton yield and quality. While applied phosphorus is easily fixed in soils, it is mostly transferred to occluded P, which is not available to plants. Therefore, this study aimed to provide theoretical support for the study of response mechanisms to low phosphorus stress and the efficient phosphorus uptake and utilization of different cotton genotypes. [Method] The effects of phosphorus accumulation and utilization, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root morphology of two genotypes of cotton (CCRI 79 and SCRC 28) were studied in hydroponic cultures having different phosphorus concentrations. [Result] CCRI 79 had higher phosphorus utilization rates of 90.92 mg·mg－1 at the low phosphorus level (KH2PO4 1.0×10－5 mol·L－1) and 23.09 mg·mg－1 at the high phosphorus level (KH2PO4 0.5 mol·L－1) compared with SCRC 28. When phosphorus was deficient, the total root length, total root surface area and total root volume of SCRC 28 increased by 13.05%, 18.78% and 10.50%, respectively, while the total root length, total root surface area and total root volume of CCRI 79 decreased significantly. [Conclusion] Here, we found that SCRC 28 had a root morphology and physiological characteristics that allowed it to adapt to low phosphorusstress, while CCRI 79 utilized phosphorus more efficiently.  相似文献   

17.
[Objective] To provide theoretical basis for potassium efficient cotton breeding, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of low potassium on transgenic cotton seedlings over-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana’s AtCIPK 23, AtAKT 1 and AtCBL 1 genes, respectively. [Method] Hydroponics was used to explore the growth vigor, dry weight, potassium concentration and accumulation of transgenic cotton and CCRI 24 seedlings under low and optimum potassium conditions. Furthermore, the root morphology, potassium utilization index, potassium transport ability and the severity to damage were comprehensively analyzed to uncover the possible physiological mechanisms. [Result] Under the optimum conditions of potassium, the transgenic plants and control grew well and showed no significant difference. However, with low potassium stress, the dry weight of plants over-expressing AtAKT 1 gene was 1.66 times of CCRI 24. Its total root length, root surface area and volume were about 3 times than those of CCRI 24. The AtAKT 1 plants also displayed obvious growth advantage, higher potassium utilization index and transport ability, and the severity to damage was lower. Plants over-expressing AtCIPK 23 and AtCBL 1 genes, however, were almost the same as the CCRI 24. [Conclusion] This study revealed that the ability of cotton’s resistance to low potassium was significantly improved by over-expression of AtAKT 1 gene, an exogenous potassium ion channel protein gene from Arabidopsis thaliana.  相似文献   

18.
【目的】明确不同类型棉花品种冠层温度的分布特点,探究冠层温度与光合特性之间的关系,寻求判断棉花熟性的可能指标。【方法】选择6个常用的供试棉花品种,利用搭载热红外测温仪的无人机获取棉花花铃期冠层温度的数字图像,同时测定同一时间段的蒸腾速率、气孔导度等光合指标。【结果】中棉所50不同部位气冠温差表现为上层>下层>中层,中棉所60则正好相反。在同一天中,6个棉花品种表现为13:30的冠层温度大于10:30的冠层温度。此外,不同类型品种叶片蒸腾速率与气孔导度呈正相关,冠层温度和蒸腾速率呈负相关。通过聚类分析得出,在欧式距离12.5处,6个品种可以聚类成2类。在欧式距离5处,每一类还可分为2个亚类,其中第Ⅰ类的第一亚类包括中棉所60和冀棉研228,第二亚类仅有中棉所3799;第Ⅱ类的第一亚类包括中棉所50和通骞一号,第二亚类仅有0式品系。【结论】不同棉花品种冠层温度的变化规律不同。结合冠层温度和光合指标对棉花品种进行聚类分组与其基于生育期长短的熟性分组大致相同。  相似文献   

19.
棉花航天诱变敏感材料的筛选及多态性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
利用"实践八号"育种卫星搭载棉花10个品种(系),对SP1代、SP2代进行了突变体的筛选、DNA分子标记检测和田间农艺性状调查,研究棉花不同材料对航天诱变的敏感性。其中7个材料对航天有一定的敏感性,其分子标记多态性高,田间农艺性状变化明显。结果表明,太空能够诱导棉花种子发生基因变异,航天诱变可作为棉花种质资源创新和品种选育的方法之一。  相似文献   

20.
为了解影响木薯产量的主要因素,筛选高产木薯品种（系）,通过主成分分析对10个品种（系）的9个主要农艺性状指标进行量化对比分析。结果表明,10个木薯品种（系）的农艺性状除落叶高度和块根粗无显著差异外（P>0.05）,其余农艺性状间均具有显著差异（P<0.05）,品种（系）SC9、SC124和58-7的农艺性状变异较大,农艺性状中又以单株产量、地上鲜重、鲜薯个数和主茎粗的变异系数最大。鲜薯个数、块根长和块根粗是影响单株产量的关键因子。通过主成分分析提取了2个主成分,累积方差贡献率达88.1%,反映了农艺性状指标的基本信息,其中,鲜薯个数是第1主成分的主导变量,块根长是第2主成分的主导变量。10个木薯品种（系）中,SG-9的综合得分最高,GMT和SC9的产量优势明显,可作为种植推广的品种。  相似文献   

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