共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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雌激素及其受体调控卵母细胞成熟的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目前很多女性受到不孕不育、自然流产和出生缺陷等诸多生殖相关疾病的困扰,其主要原因为生殖细胞减数分裂异常和卵母细胞质量下降。雌激素不仅参与调控哺乳动物的发情和性行为,也参与调控卵母细胞的生长发育。雌激素受体作为类固醇激素受体的一种,在介导雌激素发挥基因组效应和非基因组效应中有着重要的作用。目前关于雌激素受体调控卵母细胞成熟的报道多集中于硬骨鱼类,特别是新型膜受体GPR30,而在哺乳动物方面的研究鲜有报道。因此作者介绍了雌激素核受体ERα、ERβ与新型膜受体GPR30的结构与分布,简述了膜受体GPR30的不同类型配体的研究进展,综述了雌激素受体在调控卵母细胞发育中的相互作用,发现雌激素的核受体与膜受体在卵母细胞成熟的过程中可能发挥不同的调控作用,并进一步阐述了雌激素及其受体在卵母细胞成熟过程中的潜在调控机制。 相似文献
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雌激素与睾丸的功能密切相关.人和哺乳动物体内雌激素的合成需芳香化酶(Ar)的参与,而雌激素与特异受体(ERα、ERβ)结合后才发挥生物学效应.在睾丸所有发育阶段,芳香化酶和雌激素受体几乎都有表达.在睾丸发育过程中,雌激素的缺乏对胎儿睾丸的发育有利.但对成年动物来说,大剂量的雌激素可以引起睾丸功能紊乱和生精障碍,而体外条件下小剂量的雌激素又能促进精原细胞的分裂、增生和分化,诱导精子发生和精子成熟,减少细胞凋亡.文章主要从睾丸内雌激素的来源、芳香化酶和雌激素受体的分布、雌激素对胎儿和新生儿睾丸发育以及对精子发生的影响这几个方面进行了综述. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究G蛋白偶联受体50（G protein-coupled receptor 50,GPR50）在牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟过程中的表达与定位规律,为进一步解析卵母细胞成熟的分子机制及理解牦牛繁殖的特异性提供依据。通过牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养,利用免疫荧光染色监测不同时间点（0~24 h）纺锤丝形态和核相的变化,确定牦牛卵母细胞减数分裂4个时期,包括生发泡期（germinal vesicle,GV）、生发泡破裂期（germinal vesicle break down,GVBD）、第一次减数分裂中期（metaphase Ⅰ,MⅠ）与第二次减数分裂中期（metaphase Ⅱ,MⅡ）的时间点。在此基础上,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测GPR50基因在牦牛卵母细胞成熟过程中的动态表达量,免疫荧光染色检测GPR50蛋白在卵母细胞成熟过程中的的亚细胞动态定位情况。结果表明,牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟0 h时90%处于GV期,6 h时94%处于GVBD期,16 h时92%细胞处于MⅠ期,24 h时94%处于MⅡ期。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,GPR50基因在牦牛卵母细胞GV期即有表达,并在GVBD、MⅠ、MⅡ期成熟过程中逐渐升高,在MⅡ期达到顶峰,且极显著高于GV与GVBD期（P<0.01）。GPR50蛋白在牦牛卵母细胞GV期时集中在膜上表达,并随着成熟进程的发展在细胞质和细胞膜均大量表达,在MⅡ期高亮度弥散表达。以上结果表明,GPR50基因参与牦牛卵母细胞减数分裂过程并发挥重要作用,为研究GPR50在牦牛卵母细胞成熟过程中的作用及机制提供了依据。 相似文献
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ERα免疫反应产物在山羊卵巢中的分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究不同生殖周期山羊卵巢中雌激素受体α（estrogen receptor α，ERα）的表达，本试验应用高灵敏度的免疫组织化学SP法检测了ERα免疫反应产物在不同生殖周期山羊卵巢中的分布。结果显示，ERα免疫反应产物主要存在于成熟卵泡的颗粒细胞、发情期和妊娠期生长卵泡的部分颗粒细胞、原始卵泡卵母细胞胞质、粒黄体细胞胞质及膜黄体细胞胞核、卵泡膜细胞和类固醇细胞胞质；间情期生长卵泡的颗粒细胞中的ERα免疫反应产物较少，主要存在于细胞膜上；卵母细胞中ERα免疫反应产物在初级卵泡阶段含量较少，从次级卵泡开始其含量很丰富。以上结果提示，ERα以激活不同信号途径的方式参与了对卵泡生长、排卵及妊娠维持的调控，这为研究雌激素及雌激素受体α在卵巢中的作用及其生殖调控机理提供了形态学资料。 相似文献
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哺乳动物配子发生的基因表达调控包括编码基因的阶段特异性表达调控及非编码基因的转录和转录后水平调控。微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)作为一类小的非编码RNA, 通过识别靶基因非翻译区的结合位点, 导致mRNA降解或者蛋白质翻译抑制, 从而在转录后水平发挥调控作用。近年来, miRNA在哺乳动物生殖活动中的作用逐渐被揭示, 越来越多的研究表明, miRNA在哺乳动物精子发生、精子成熟、卵母细胞成熟、卵泡发育及早期胚胎发育等过程中都发挥着重要的调节作用, 其可通过调节支持细胞的增殖和凋亡或精原细胞、精母细胞及精细胞的细胞周期进程, 在精子发生的不同阶段发挥间接或直接调控作用, 也可通过调节卵母细胞、卵丘细胞以及颗粒细胞的增殖、凋亡、激素合成和细胞间作用, 对卵母细胞的发育和成熟过程进行调控。作者主要介绍了在哺乳动物配子发生过程中, miRNA的细胞和阶段特异性表达及其对靶基因的调节作用, 以期为深入研究哺乳动物配子发生的调控机制提供参考。 相似文献
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哺乳动物卵母细胞的生长发育与减数分裂成熟的调控机制是十分复杂的,激素、生长因子等都参与其中的调控,这些调控往往又与Ca~(++)在卵母细胞减数分裂成熟中的调控作用密切相关。本文着重阐述Ca~(++)在卵母细胞减数分裂成熟中的调控作用。 相似文献
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卵母细胞成熟过程是个复杂的减数分裂过程,许多因子参与这个过程的调控.为了探讨哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟的机理,指导家畜体外胚胎生产,本文就卵母细胞体外成熟培养(in vitro maturation IVM)及影响因子等方面进行综述.认为在卵母细胞体外成熟过程中,仍需对胞质成熟、基因调控及影响因子等方面进行深入研究. 相似文献
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Carla Olave Pamela Alvarez Benjamin Uberti Natalia Morales Claudio Henriquez Hugo Folch Jose Sarmiento Gabriel Moran 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(2):248-254
Neutrophils play an important role in the exacerbation and maintenance of severe equine asthma; persistent neutrophil activity and delayed apoptosis can be harmful to surrounding tissues. Tamoxifen (TX) is a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator with immunomodulatory effects and induces early apoptosis of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils from horses with acute lung inflammation. This study investigated if the in vitro effects of tamoxifen are produced by its action on nuclear (α and β) and membrane (GPR30) estrogen receptors in healthy equine neutrophils. Results showed that TX inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst induced by opsonized zymosan in a dose‐dependent manner. Nuclear (17‐β‐Estradiol) and GPR30 cell membrane (G1) estrogen receptor agonists and their antagonists (ICI 182,780 and G15, respectively) do not block or reproduce the effect of TX. Therefore, TX does not inhibit respiratory burst through estrogen receptors. TX (8.5 μM) also increased phosphatidylserine translocation, a marker of early apoptosis, which did not occur with any of the estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists . Thus, tamoxifen generates dose‐dependent inhibition of respiratory burst and increased early apoptosis in healthy equine neutrophils, independently of nuclear or membrane estrogen receptors. Further studies are necessary to explore the signaling pathways of tamoxifen‐induced ROS inhibition and phosphatidylserine translocation. 相似文献
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选取健康成年雌雄猕猴各3只,采用免疫组织化学SP法研究了雌激素受体(ER)在脾脏中的分布,观察猕猴脾脏中ER的表达及性别差异.结果显示,ER免疫阳性反应物主要分布于脾脏红髓区,脾小结相对较少,而动脉周围淋巴鞘、血管内皮、脾小粱等组织结构内仅有少量分布.ER阳性产物主要定位于细胞核中.部分存在于胞浆和胞膜上.雌性猕猴脾脏中的阳性细胞数量显著高于雄性,表达强度也较雄性强.这表明,ER参与雌激素对脾脏的免疫功能调控.ER阳性产物分布特点表明雌激素发挥作用主要是通过经典基因组机制,同时也通过非基因组机制途径.而ER表达的明显性别差异提示体内雌激素水平可能对脾脏中B淋巴细胞的功能有正调节作用. 相似文献
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Expression of estrogen receptor 1 and progesterone receptor in primary goat mammary epithelial cells 
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下载免费PDF全文 The exact role and sensitivity of cells to estrogen and progesterone mediated through the steroid receptors during lactation is not known. Expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) was quantified in mammary tissue‐derived primary goat mammary epithelial cells (pgMECs) to determine the influence of donor tissue physiology (lactating and juvenile) and cell culture growth conditions (basal and lactogenic) on ESR1 and PGR expression in the derived cells. Relative messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for both receptors were the highest in cell lines derived from mammary tissue of juvenile goats. Maintaining pgMECs in lactogenic conditions resulted in up‐regulation of ESR1 (1.36‐ to 12.35‐fold) and in down‐regulation of PGR (‐2.53‐ to ‐3.62‐fold), compared to basal conditions. Based on Western blotting analysis we suggest that the differences in mRNA expression are translated to the protein level. We suggest that differential expression in lactating conditions is correlated with terminal differentiation of the pgMECs. Double immunostainings showed that estrogen receptor alpha (ER‐α) positive cells do not exclusively belong to the luminal lineage and that ER‐α and PGR can be expressed individually or co‐expressed in the pgMECs. The derived primary cultures/lines in early passages are hormone‐responsive and represent a useful surrogate for mammary tissue in research experiments. 相似文献
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Tao Y Cao C Zhang M Fang F Liu Y Zhang Y Ding J Zhang X 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(4):438-447
Cumulus cells (CCs) are of great importance in oocyte development and maturation in many species, but detailed influence of CCs has not been extensively examined, especially on rabbit. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of CCs and the elongation of in vitro maturation (IVM) time on rabbit oocyte nuclear and ooplasmic maturation and survival. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and naked oocytes (NOs) were recovered directly from rabbits super-ovulated with eCG. Corona-enclosed oocytes (COs) and denuded oocytes (DOs) were obtained from COCs after removing a part or whole of CCs. The oocytes were cultured in the following seven groups. (i) Cumulus cell enclosed oocytes (CEOs) were cultured alone (CEOs); (ii) COs were cultured alone (COs); (iii) DOs were cultured alone (DOs); (iv) NOs were cultured alone; (v) DOs were co-cultured with COCs [DOs(COCs)]; (vi) DOs were co-cultured with CCs [DOs(CCs)]; (vii) NOs were co-cultured with CCs [NOs(CCs)]. After the oocytes were cultured for 24 and 30 h, the nuclear maturation was evaluated by first polar body (PB1) extrusion while the ooplasmic maturation was evaluated by the cleavage rate after parthenogenetic activation. The results showed that the nuclear maturation rate of CEOs, COs, DOs(COCs) and DOs(CCs) after 24 h incubation were significantly different from each other (p < or = 0.05), the rate of DOs(CCs) was similar to that of DOs (p > or = 0.05). The cleavage rates in the first two groups were significantly higher than those of the others (p < 0.05). For oocytes cultured for 30 h, the nuclear maturation rates were significantly different for each culture model (p < 0.05). The cleavage rates in first two groups were significantly higher than those of others (p < 0.05). Both the nuclear and cleavage rates significantly increased when the culture time of DOs(COCs) was prolonged from 24 to 30 h. DOs(CCs) nuclear maturation was significantly improved when the culture time was prolonged from 24 to 30 h, but the ooplasmic maturation was not. Few NOs incubated with or without CCs accomplished nuclear maturation (approximately 2% both), even when the culture time was prolonged from 24 to 30 h. The oocyte degeneration rates were significantly different for each culture model after both 24 and 30 h incubation (p < or = 0.05). There was no significant difference in oocyte degeneration in the same groups between 24 and 30 h incubation (p > 0.05). The results suggest that rabbit CCs affect oocyte nuclear and ooplasmic maturation, and their survival. The prolongation of the culture time of rabbit oocyte from 24 to 30 h improves the nuclear and ooplasmic maturation differently in the present system. Rabbit oocytes free of CCs, especially NOs, show weak meiotic resumption potential and compromised viability, which cannot be improved by co-culture with dispersed CCs. The degeneration mostly happens at early time of IVM. 相似文献
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The goal of this study was to determine whether in the Japanese quail the male genital tract contains receptors for progesterone, androgen and estrogen (PR, AR and ER, respectively), which have significant roles in reproductive functions, and whether their localization changes during sexual maturation. The epididymis and ductus deferens (middle and ampulla regions) of immature (approximately 30-day-old) and mature male Japanese quail were collected and frozen sections of them were immunostained for PR, AR and ER. The immunoreaction products for AR and PR were found in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the efferent ductules, epididymal duct, and the middle and ampulla regions of the ductus deferens of mature and immature birds. In the mature birds, the epithelial cells of the efferent ductules, epididymal duct, and the middle and ampulla regions of the ductus deferens were positive for ER, although some of the cells in the ductus deferens were negative. The epithelial cells of the ductules in the epididymis stained positive for ER, but the immunoreactions were negligible in the ductus deferens of immature birds. These results suggest that the epididymis and ductus deferens in quail possesses PR, AR and ER receptors. Each receptor is expressed before sexual maturation, although enhancement of ER expression may occur during maturation. 相似文献
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旨在探究鸡微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白样基因（MTTPL）生物学特性及其表达调控机制,为进一步探讨其在鸡肝脂质代谢中的生物学功能奠定基础。本研究首先采用PCR和测序技术,克隆MTTPL cDNA序列;利用在线软件对MTTPL蛋白结构域、三维空间结构及系统进化树进行分析;构建pcDNA3.1-MTTPL-EGFP过表达载体,通过与内质网标签蛋白的表达载体DsRed-λ共转染鸡肝癌细胞系（LMH）细胞,对MTTPL进行亚细胞定位;分别采集不同周龄卢氏绿壳蛋鸡（1日龄、1周龄、10周龄、30周龄每个周龄各8只）组织样,采用荧光定量PCR分析MTTPL基因和鸡微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白基因（MTTP）的时空表达谱;然后用0.5、1和2 mg·kg-1体重浓度的17 β-雌二醇分别处理海兰褐鸡（每组20只）12和24 h后,分析雌激素对肝MTTPL和MTTP表达的影响;最后用1、50、和100 nmol·L-1 17β-雌二醇及雌激素受体拮抗剂分别处理鸡胚肝原代细胞12 h （每组3个重复）,研究雌激素调控MTTPL基因表达的作用机制。结果表明,鸡MTTPL的CDS区全长为2 646 bp,可编码881个氨基酸,与人和鸡MTTP拥有共同的祖先;定位于细胞内质网;鸡MTTPL和MTTP具有与人MTTP相同的功能域,且三维结构相似度偏差较小,分别为0.090和0.064;MTTPL基因在鸡肝和肾组织中高表达,MTTP在鸡肝、肾和小肠中高表达;在肝中,MTTPL和ApoB的表达水平随周龄的增加均显著上升（P<0.05）,而MTTP的表达仅在10周前随周龄增加显著升高（P<0.05）,而在产蛋前（10周龄）和产蛋期（30周龄）无显著变化（P>0.05）;在17β-雌二醇处理鸡12和24 h时后,MTTPL及ApoB在肝中均显著上调表达（P<0.05）,而MTTP在高浓度处理时表达量显著下调（P<0.05）,在低浓度时无显著变化;与对照组相比,雌激素可显著上调鸡胚肝原代细胞中ApoB和MTTPL的表达（P<0.05）,而MTTP表达水平无显著变化;与雌激素处理组相比,雌激素及受体ERα拮抗剂MPP共处理组MTTPL基因表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）;与MPP和雌激素共处理组相比,ERα和ERβ受体拮抗剂ICI和TAM处理组MTTPL基因表达水平无显著变化。综上所述,鸡MTTPL位于内质网中,具有与人MTTP相似的功能结构域;MTTPL和MTTP均在肝中相对高表达,且MTTPL在产蛋期鸡肝的表达显著高于产蛋前期,而MTTP无显著变化。雌激素可通过与ERα受体结合调控鸡MTTPL的表达,而MTTP不受雌激素调控。表明MTTPL可能在鸡产蛋期肝脂质代谢中发挥重要作用。 相似文献