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2002-2003年在江苏高肥力棉田,移栽条件下对9个Bt基因棉花品种(系)的生长发育特点及其碳氮代谢特征进行了研究。结果表明,中棉所29等3个杂交种在整个生长期表现为棉株高增长快,叶面积增长量大,现蕾和成铃强度大,生殖器官干物重也高,叶片全氮、可溶性糖含量高,NR、GPT、Rubisco、Sucroase活性高,表现为生长发育两旺,常规Bt棉GK19和新棉33B盛花前株高、叶面积生长快,现蕾强度大,叶片全氮含量高、NR、GPT活性高,表现为前期生长旺盛;新洋822和苏抗103结铃盛期后叶面积生长快,现蕾和成铃强度大,碳氮代谢强,表现为后期生育旺盛;sGK321和鲁棉研16整个生育期氮代谢强度大,但可溶性糖含量低、Rubisco、Sucroase等活性小,营养生长快,生殖生长弱,表现为营养生长过旺。 相似文献
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渍涝与干旱对不同转Bt基因抗虫棉的影响 总被引：24，自引：8，他引：24
对 3个转 Bt基因棉花品种的研究表明 ,花铃期田间渍涝显著降低皮棉产量和棉株内的 Bt蛋白含量。积水后棉花主茎功能叶和幼蕾的 Bt蛋白含量平均分别比对照降低 2 7.7%和 2 9.9% ,主茎下部老叶的 Bt蛋白含量仅降低 6 .6 % ,说明渍涝对生长旺盛器官 Bt蛋白合成的影响远远大于衰老器官。干旱对棉株内 Bt蛋白合成的抑制更强 ,当花铃期干旱使棉叶致萎时 ,主茎下部老叶、幼蕾和主茎功能叶的 Bt蛋白含量分别降低了52 .9%、3 7.0 %和 3 0 .0 %。为充分发挥和利用转Bt基因棉花品种的产量与抗虫潜力 ,棉花生长发育的关键时期应尽量避免缺水干旱 ,及时排除田间积水 ,防止渍涝危害 相似文献
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Fu Huijie Xue Guojuan Liao Baopeng Qi Haikun Xu Dongyong Tan Weiming Du Mingwei Tian Xiaoli Li Zhaohu 《棉花学报》2021,32(6):561-568
[Objective] Early initiation and early maturity are the foundation of high yield and good quality of cotton. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of plant growth regulators applied at the seedling and squaring stage on the early initiation of flower bud and the rate of the opened cotton boll (ROCB) during later development period, and to provide practical measures for hastening the maturity of cotton. [Method] Several plant growth regulators were applied from cotyledonary to squaring stage under greenhouse and field conditions, water was used as the control. The first fruiting branch node (indicating the initiation of flower bud), the number of bud prior to blooming and the ROCB at mid-term of boll maturation period (23 September, 2017) were compared among treatments. [Result] Under greenhouse conditions, gibberellic acid (GA3) applied at the cotyledonary stage with 140 μmol·L－1 as well as the three consecutive applications of sodium nitrophenolate (CSN, 2.23 μmol·L－1) at the cotyledonary, two-leaf and four-leaf stage made the first fruiting branch node move down by about 0.9 nodes. In field experiments, the application of gibberellin4+7(GA4+7, 288 and 576 μmol·L－1) at the cotyledonary stage significantly decreased the first fruiting branch node by about 0.4 nodes. Also, the application of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA, 44.4 μmol·L－1) at the three-leaf stage significantly decreased the first fruiting branch node by 0.2 nodes. However, there was no significant correlation between the first fruiting branch node and the ROCB in late September. Moreover, the application of Brassinolide (BR, 0.10 μmol·L－1) at the bud stage increased the ROCB in late September, which was mainly associated with the increased boll set in the lower and middle fruiting branches. [Conclusion] The reasonable distribution of bolls (concentrated in the lower and middle fruiting branches as well as inner fruiting sites) is more important for the earliness of cotton than lowering the first fruiting branch node. 相似文献
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[Objective] This study aimed to determine the relationship between Bt protein expression levels and nitrogen metabolism in insect-resistant transgenic cotton lines with different genetic backgrounds and to provide some recommendations for the selection of highly insect-resistant cotton cultivars. [Method] Bt protein contents and nitrogen metabolism-related indexes were measured in young leaves, buds, and bolls of 41 cotton lines at different developmental stages (4–6 leaf, flourishing bud, and flourishing boll setting stages), and the correlations among these indexes were analyzed. [Result] The expression level of Bt protein in vegetative organs was found to be highly significantly positively correlated with the contents of soluble protein and free amino acids but not that of total nitrogen. Bt protein expression levels in reproductive organs were highly significantly positively correlated with soluble protein and total nitrogen contents and significantly positively correlated with free amino acid content. While soluble protein levels showed a relatively steady decrease from seedling to bud stages and from bud to boll setting stages, the highest Bt protein contents were measured in reproductive organs in mid- to late periods. [Conclusion] The expression level of Bt protein had the highest positive correlation with soluble protein and can thus be used as a reliable index for selection of highly insect-resistant cotton cultivars. 相似文献
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甘肃彩色棉花抗旱性农艺性状指标的筛选鉴定 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以抗旱性不同的白棉、棕棉和绿棉品种(品系)为试验材料, 通过水分亏缺控制试验, 采用主成分分析和逐步回归分析方法, 调查其主要农艺性状指标与抗旱性的关系。结果表明, 干旱胁迫下, 各彩色棉花的籽棉产量、株高、叶片数、单株成铃数、有效果枝数、果节数、收获指数、茎粗、籽指和上半部分纤维长度均相应的降低; 抗旱指数与株高、果节数、单株成铃数、花铃期叶片数、有效果枝数、籽指、单铃重、收获指数、茎粗呈极显著正相关; 单株成铃数、单铃重和花铃期叶片数可作为不同色彩棉花简单、直观的抗旱性鉴定指标, 有效果枝数、株高、果节数、收获指数和籽指也可作为彩色棉花抗旱评价指标。 相似文献
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为探究不同生育期棉花品种的干物质积累及产量与其碳氮代谢相关性,采用生育期不同的2个陆地棉近等基因系早熟系4003-10和中熟系4003-6,测定生殖生长阶段蕾期至吐絮期根、茎、叶的全氮、氨基酸、非结构性碳水化合物（己糖、蔗糖和淀粉）含量及棉株各部位生物量,比较2个品系的差异,并分析营养器官含氮量与生物量的相关性。结果表明,4003-6比4003-10具有更大的铃重、衣分及皮棉产量。生殖生长阶段4003-6叶片比4003-10具有较高的全氮、氨基酸、非结构性总碳、淀粉含量及碳氮比,表明前者叶片具有较强的碳氮代谢活性和碳水化合物生产能力;4003-6的根系氨基酸水平高于4003-10,且具有更高的氮素吸收效率。在营养器官中,根系含氮量对棉花植株地上部、根系、营养器官和生殖器官的生物量积累影响最大。早熟系4003-10单株根、茎、叶的含氮量与生殖器官生物量的相关系数均高于中熟系4003-6,表明早熟品系的吸氮能力对产量影响更大。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对彩色棉花农艺、品质性状及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索干旱胁迫对彩色棉花主要性状的影响及其水分利用机理,选用7个不同色彩的棉花品种(系),在常规灌溉、胁迫灌溉和生育期不灌溉3种环境条件下,调查其农艺性状、品质性状、水分利用效率(WUE)及产量。结果表明,干旱胁迫下不同色彩棉花品种的单株成铃数、单铃重、株高、花铃期叶片数、有效果枝数、收获指数、果节数、籽指、茎粗和果茎节间长度减少,衣分增加;灌水量减少一半,参试棉花品种的产量均降低,不灌溉处理的籽棉产量与常规灌溉间差异显著(P<0.05);籽棉产量的降低幅度品种间存在较大差异(P<0.05),棕色棉的减产幅度高于绿色棉。常规灌溉处理下,白色棉花水分利用效率高于棕色棉花和绿色棉花,而后二者差异不显著;干旱胁迫下,棕色棉花的水分利用效率高于绿色棉花。与水分利用效率相关的主要农艺性状、品质指标是：叶片数、单株成铃数、有效果枝数、果节数、株高、收获指数、单铃重、主茎节间长度、茎粗、籽指、衣分。 相似文献
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双价抗虫棉中棉所41丰产稳产性及其简化栽培技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2002—2003年在关中东部和中部进行了转基因抗虫棉品种(系)鉴选试验和大面积生产示范。结果表明,中棉所41具有较好的株型结构,果枝节位较高,果枝第1、2间节长度较长,株高、果枝、果节和叶片空间分布较为合理,利于增强近主茎中心空间通风透光性。中棉所41成铃集中,铃重衣分高,早熟性好,对关中棉区生态条件具有良好的适应性,比33B增产9%~39.8%,具有常年能高产,灾年少减产的丰产稳产性。同时,提出中棉所41促早简化栽培技术。 相似文献
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棉花地上部生长的功能-结构模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2008-2010年棉花密度试验, 分析棉株器官生物量-形态间异速生长关系, 改进COTGROW模型中的发育和形态发生模块, 构建了棉花地上部器官形态建成模型; 基于COTGROW模型模拟数据,与GroIMP可视化开发平台的数据链接, 实现了棉花生长过程的可视化; 利用建立的功能-结构模型对不同密度棉花冠层的光截获量进行了模拟。利用2010年的试验数据检验模型, 结果表明, 棉花株高、主茎节数、果枝数、各果枝果节数、节间长度、节间直径、叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄长度、叶柄直径、棉铃长度以及铃直径测定值与模拟值间的均方根误差分别为3.85、0.64、0.52、0.66、1.00、0.15、1.58、2.39、2.54、0.05、0.13和0.10 cm, 模型效果较好; 构建的棉花地上部功能-结构模型可以较好地模拟棉花的形态特征, 并较逼真地显示棉花器官、植株的三维动态生长过程, 可以反映出不同环境条件、不同密度处理下棉花植株的三维形态, 在可视化的基础上模拟棉花冠层空间的光截获量。为虚拟棉作研究提供了技术基础。 相似文献
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Bt移栽棉干物质积累与产量及器官建成关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
研究了转Bt基因抗虫常规棉GK19和抗虫杂交棉中棉所29的群体干物质积累及其增长量对产量及棉株器官建成的影响,结果表明:盛花前保持适宜干物质的增长量,盛花后促进群体干物质的积累有利于产量的提高.株高、LAI及营养器官干重大小决定于盛花前群体干物质积累量的高低.盛花前保持适宜的干物质积累量有利于促进群体果枝数、果节数、生殖器官干重的增加;盛花后促进群体干物质积累有利于群体生殖器官干重、总铃数、成铃率及铃重提高.因此,转基因抗虫棉花群体盛花前调节群体干物质保持适宜增长量,才能形成适宜的群体LAI、适宜株高、果枝数和总果节量,为高产建立合理的群体结构基础,在此基础上,保持盛花后整个结铃吐絮期有较高的干物质积累量是获得高产更高产的根本所在. 相似文献
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棉花非叶绿色器官光合能力的差异及与物质生产的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在田间条件下,以3个杂交棉品种(鲁棉研25、石杂2号和新陆早43)和2个常规棉花品种(新陆早13和新陆早33)为试验材料,通过两年试验研究了不同类型品种冠层叶片和非叶绿色器官(苞叶、铃壳和茎秆)的群体光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和光合机构电子传递特性,及其与光合物质生产的关系。结果表明,杂交棉石杂2号和新陆早43号非叶绿色器官的群体光合速率显著高于常规棉品种,其中果实(铃壳和苞叶)和茎秆的群体光合速率分别比2个常规棉平均高85.1%和197.6%。叶片的叶绿素含量和实际光化学效率最高,铃壳次之,苞叶和茎秆最小;与常规棉品种相比,杂交棉品种叶片和苞叶的实际光化学效率无显著差异,但铃壳和茎秆的实际光化学效率显著较高;非叶绿色器官光合物质生产能力的提高与其对强光的适应能力和抗光抑制能力关系密切。 相似文献
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Plant Growth Promoter Effects on the Growth and Yield of Transplanted Cotton in Northern Jiangxi 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Zhang Yunxi Xia Shaonan Yang Maonan Li Yongqi Zhang Lijuan Xie Yetao Li Zhixin Dong Helin 《棉花学报》2019,31(3):233-241
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of six plant growth promoters on the growth and development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and to determine which is most beneficial for enhancing cotton yield in northern Jiangxi Province, China. [Methods] Foliar treatments of naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellin, cytokinin, brassinolide, sodium polyphenol sodium and amine fresh ester were applied at the three-leaf, squaring, first flowering and peak flowering stages of transplanted cotton in the northern Jiangxi region. Cotton growth and development in response to these promoters were investigated, and a pure water spray served as the control. Yield, yield component and agronomic trait data were collected during various growth periods. [Results] Cytokinin and sodium nitrate significantly facilitated the growth of cotton during the early and middle seasons. A more rapid boll setting was achieved by sodium nitrophenolate during the peak flowering stage. Amines promoted cotton growth throughout the plant’s lifecycle, and the plant leaf area and biomass values were the greatest among all the treatments. The brassinolide treatment resulted in a stronger resistance to adverse environmental stresses, and it produced larger bolls and higher cotton yields. Although naphthalene acetic acid had little effects on the growth and development of cotton during the early and middle seasons, a final yield increase was evident. Gibberellin negatively affected the late growth of cotton and led to smaller plant architectural structures and boll weights. The combination of brassinolide and amine fresh ester did not present any advantage over their independent applications. [Conclusion] The growth and development of cotton were significantly increased by the independent foliar applications of six plant promoters at the seedling, squaring, first flowering and peak flowering stages, resulting in seed cotton yield increases of 2.43%–10.4% under seedling transplanting conditions in northern Jiangxi Province. Therefore, we suggest that cytokinin or sodium nitrophenolate can be applied at the cotton seedling and squaring stages and that brassinolide or amine ester can be applied at the flowering and fruiting stage 相似文献
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不同温度下外施6-BA和ABA对棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)产量和纤维品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以棉纤维比强度高的科棉1号、比强度中等的美棉33B 2个品种为材料,于2006-2007年在江苏南京设置大田分期播种试验,使棉铃发育处于不同温度条件,于棉株7～9果枝第1、2果节棉铃开花时喷施6-苄基腺嘌呤(6BA)和脱落酸(ABA),研究不同的铃期日均最低气温条件下6-BA和ABA对棉花产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明:由晚播造成的低温降低了棉花产量及纤维品质。外施6-BA、ABA对棉株中部果枝铃铃重和纤维品质影响最大。正常播期下,外施6-BA可增加中部果枝棉铃铃重,外施ABA降低铃重,但二者对其纤维品质影响较小;迟播时,外施6-BA可提高中部果枝棉铃铃重,ABA处理的作用则相反,二者均可提高纤维长度和比强度、优化麦克隆值。不同的温度条件下,外施6-BA均提高了单株铃数、单株平均铃重和皮棉产量,外施ABA则降低了棉花单株铃数和产量。外施6-BA和ABA对高强纤维品种产量和纤维品质的影响较中强纤维品种更为明显。低温下,在棉铃发育初期喷施6-BA对改善棉纤维品质的效果最好。 相似文献
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G. Wang M. Gutierrez R. K. Asiimwe M. Zarnstorff 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(2):155-163
Cotton response to fruiting branch removal (FBR) is critical information in estimating plant recovery potential and making management decisions after hail storms or other physical damages. Fruiting branches were removed at first bloom (R8), 2.5‐cm boll (R12) and peak bloom (R16) growth stages. Five FBR treatments were conducted at each of the above three growth stages: 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %. At harvest, five plants were randomly chosen from each plot and branches separated into three groups: vegetative, lower and upper fruiting branches. Lower fruiting branches were from the nodes where FBR treatments were conducted, whereas upper fruiting branches were the new branches developed after FBR. Seed cotton weight, open boll number and node number in each group were recorded. Fruiting branch removal increased boll number, boll size and boll/node on the upper fruiting branches, which compensated yield loss on lower fruiting branches. Generally, FBR at the first bloom reduced cotton yield more than it did at the 2.5‐cm boll and peak bloom growth stages when FBR percentage was lower than 75 %. The removal of all 16 fruiting branches at peak bloom reduced cotton yield by 16.8 %, indicating remarkable compensation ability by cotton plants in climates with a long growing season. 相似文献
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株型对棉株14C同化物生产及运转分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用 14 C示踪技术 ,研究了简化整枝与早打主茎顶心、少留果枝改变株型对 14 C同化物生产分配的影响。结果表明 ,简化整枝蕾期、花铃期果枝叶的光合作用强度和14 C同化量均低于对照 ,且 14 C同化物向主茎和果枝的分配比例也较对照降低。简化整枝早打主茎顶心 ,可提高花铃期果枝叶、叶枝叶的光合作用强度和 14 C同化物向叶枝的分配比例。反映到产量和产量构成因素上 ,表现为简化整枝主茎结铃减少 ,叶枝结铃可弥补其损失 ,单铃重和衣分略有降低 ;简化整枝早打主茎顶心增加了叶枝结铃数 ,且单铃重和衣分略有提高。但处理间的皮棉产量均无显著差异 相似文献
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Eleven cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars were evaluated for their growth and yield performance in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, an area in Central Asia with short growing period in 1999 and 2000. In each cultivar the number of bolls per plant was low and the number of bolls per unit area was high. Each cultivar showed rather high seed and lint yields. The highest lint yield was Xinluzao 10 in both years with 1761 and 1809 kg ha?1. High yield ability of the cultivars in this study was attributed to large number of bolls per unit area with high lint percentage. Seed and lint yields had significant positive correlations with mean net assimilation rate, ratio of reproductive to vegetative organs and mean boll weight at earlier stages of boll growth, suggesting that early boll formation and successive partitioning of dry matter into bolls were important factors for boll growth in this study area. 相似文献
19.
Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Residual Effect on Cotton Yield and Biomass Accumulation 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Song Xinghu Tufail Ahmed Wagan Biangkham Souliyanonh Saif Ali Huang Ying Yuan Yuan Yang Guozheng 《棉花学报》2018,30(2):145-154
[Objective] The optimum nitrogen rate of 300 kg·hm－2 is well documented for cotton in the Yangtze River Valley, China. It can be reduced to 225 kg·hm－2 without reducing yield in late sowing under high planting density. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of further reducing the nitrogen application rate at the first flower stage, its residual effects and influence on cotton yield formation rule. [Method] A pot experiment was conducted with five nitrogen levels (120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 kg·hm－2) in 2014, but only 180 kg·hm－2(for studying nitrogen residual effect) in 2015, to study the cotton growth process, yield and its components and biomass accumulation. [Result] Nitrogen levels significantly affected the yield and biomass accumulation, but not the growth process and nitrogen residual effect. Maximum seed cotton yield (30.5 g·plant－1), boll weight (3.8 g) and biomass accumulation, especially in the reproductive and vegetative organs, was recorded in the 180 kg·hm－2 nitrogen treatment. In the rapid accumulation period, the proportion of biomass accumulation in the reproductive organs was the highest. [Conclusion] In a soil with medium fertility level, the application of 180 kg·hm－2 nitrogen was optimal, because the strength of biomass accumulation in reproductive organs increased during the rapid accumulation period. 相似文献
20.
Liu Shuai Wu Jie Li Yabing Han Yingchun Dong Helin Li Pengcheng Zheng Cangsong Sun Miao 《棉花学报》2018,30(4):344-352
[Objective] We examined the effects of spraying AFD (Agent of flower bud differentiation), a new plant growth regulator, on cotton yield formation and fiber quality. This study was designed to provide a scientific basis for chemical regulation. [Method] Six treatments of different AFD concentrations were used for this experiment. Cotton plant height, boll number, boll weight, seed cotton yield, and fiber quality were assessed to clarify the effects of chemical regulation on cotton at different concentrations. [Result] The results showed that cotton plant height was associated with AFD concentration while AFD was effective in inhibiting the cotton boll shedding ratio and significantly increasing the boll opening ratio. Furthermore, the boll number per plant and boll weight were significantly higher in plants sprayed with AFD at concentrations of 1 350-1 800 mL·hm－2 than in the control group and higher seed cotton yields were obtained. Different concentrations of AFD had no significant effect on cotton breaking strength, micronaire value, and breaking elongation. However, the highest AFD concentration had certain inhibiting effects on fiber length and uniformity index. [Conclusion] The use of chemical control via a suitable concentration of AFD had a significant effect on increasing cotton yield and little effect on fiber quality. The study of the mechanism by which AFD affects cotton traits is of great significance for cotton production. 相似文献