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1.
为了解南宁地区的奶水牛乳房炎致病菌感染情况和耐药情况，本研究通过采用细菌分离的方法和PCR的方法对15份奶样进行了肺炎克雷伯氏菌、沙门氏菌、多杀巴氏杆菌、牛支原体、溶血曼氏杆菌、化脓性隐秘杆菌和大肠杆菌的病原检测，并对菌株进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示，从15份样品中分离/扩增出15株肺炎克雷伯氏菌和1株大肠杆菌。药敏试验结果显示肺炎克雷伯氏菌对红霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星等5种药物低敏，对其余19种药物耐药。大肠杆菌对环丙沙星、左氟沙星等8种药物高敏，对大观霉素、诺氟沙星等7种药物中敏，对青霉素G等7种药物低敏，对万古霉素和四环素2种药物耐药。结果表明，采用细菌分离方法和PCR扩增法鉴定奶水牛乳房炎主要致病菌，两者的符合率为100%,这7种水牛乳房炎主要病原菌的PCR扩增法可作为快速诊断奶水牛乳房炎的手段。该场发生乳房炎的主要致病性病原是肺炎克雷伯氏菌，同时，分离株存在严重的耐药性，需规范、合理用药，减少抗生素的使用，并结合奶牛场实际情况采取预防及用药措施，有效遏制多重耐药性的产生，为奶水牛乳房炎的防治提供参考依据。 相似文献
2.
四川地区牦牛源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析四川地区牦牛源肺炎克雷伯氏菌耐药性并确定其耐药基因的携带情况，本试验采集了四川地区不同养殖场患呼吸道疾病牦牛肺脏、咽拭子、鼻拭子共127份病料组织，分离得到了43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌，并采用微量肉汤稀释法结合PCR扩增法检测43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌的耐药性和耐药基因携带情况。结果表明：43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、多西环素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药率较高，为65.12%~90.70%；对阿米卡星、氟苯尼考、多黏菌素B、大观霉素4种药物的耐药率在20.93%~48.84%之间；对头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星3药物的耐药率在18.60%~25.58%之间；多数筛选分离得到的菌株均呈现出多重耐药性，耐9、10种药物的菌株最多，分别占分离菌株的23.3%和20.9%。通过使用PCR扩增法检测分离菌携带的耐药基因情况，结果表明：blaTEM、blaSHV、sul2、sul3、floR 5种耐药基因检出率较高，检出率在62.8%~69.8%之间；ant （3″）-Ⅰa、aph （3'）-Ⅱa、aac （6'）-Ⅰb、aacC2 4种耐药基因检出率较低，检出率在7.0%~20.9%；blaCTX-M、Mcr-1、qnrA、qnrS、rmtB 5种耐药基因未检出。综上所述，本试验中分离得到肺炎克雷伯氏菌具有较强的耐药性并携带有较多的耐药基因，为了更好的促进四川省牦牛养殖产业的发展，应注意避免滥用抗生素并通过药敏试验对症下药。 相似文献
3.
几种喹诺酮类药物在兽医临床上的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1马波沙星动物专用新型广谱抗菌药物,抗菌谱、抗菌作用与恩诺沙星相似。各种支原体、牛多杀性巴氏杆菌、溶血性巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏扦菌、克雷伯氏茵、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、葡萄球菌等,均对其高度敏感。临床主要用于治疗敏感菌引起的牛呼吸道疾病,猫的呼吸道、泌尿道和皮肤感染,猪的子宫炎-乳腺炎-无乳综合征。禽类的大肠杆菌病、支原体病及支原体 相似文献
4.
正山羊肺炎是广泛流行于山羊的疾病,主要支原体病原有绵羊肺炎支原体、丝状支原体山羊亚种、山羊支原体山羊亚种、精氨酸支原体等,此外,细菌(如溶血曼氏杆菌、多杀巴氏杆菌、化脓隐秘杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌等)、寄生虫(肺丝虫等)均可引起山羊肺炎[1]。其中最为常见的是以绵羊肺炎支原体、丝状支原体山羊亚种、细菌发生的单感染或混合感染为主,具有发病率和死亡率较高的特点,对养羊业的发展造成巨大的经济损失。1发病情况2019年8月,兴安县 相似文献
5.
近年来,随着牛养殖规模的增加,混合感染引发的疾病较严重。广西某牛场送来一例奶牛急性死亡病例,通过临床观察、细菌分离鉴定、病原鉴定、致病性试验和药敏试验的方法进行诊断。检测结果发现,内脏有明显的病理变化,从腹股沟淋巴结和脾脏分别分离出两种菌,经测序鉴定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠杆菌,且对小白鼠的致死率分别为80%和100%。17种药物的药敏结果显示这两种菌只对阿米卡星、大观霉素等少数几种抗菌药物敏感。PCR或RT-PCR未检测出IBRV、BPIV3、牛支原体。结论确诊该病例为肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠杆菌混合感染。 相似文献
6.
《中国兽医学报》2020,(1):102-108
2017年9月云南省宜良某野生动物收容中心收容了5只马来穿山甲,都有严重的腹泻症状,粪便呈黑绿色、且带有脱落的黏膜,其中2只并发打喷嚏及呼吸困难等症状。试验无菌采集5只穿山甲的粪便棉试子及2份有呼吸道症状的鼻腔棉拭子,通过细菌分离鉴定、革兰染色、生化试验等对菌株进行初步测定,PCR扩增菌株的16S rDNA,测序后在NCBI上利用BLAST和MEGA软件进行序列相似性比较和系统发育学分析,结果表明:分离到的4株菌株分别为肺炎克雷伯菌、变形杆菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌及大肠杆菌O83∶H1;动物毒力试验根据小鼠在感染4株菌株96 h时的死亡情况,计算出肺炎克雷伯菌、变形杆菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌及大肠杆菌O83∶H1的LD50分别为4.37×10~8,1.15×10~8,1.29×10~8,4.15×10~(12) CFU/mL;药敏试验结果,肺炎克雷伯菌对大观霉素和头孢哌酮极度敏感,对新霉素等高度敏感,对卡那霉素等耐药;变形杆菌对头孢哌酮极度敏感,对链霉素等中度敏感,对头孢曲松等耐药;弗氏柠檬酸杆菌对大观霉素极度敏感,对头孢哌酮高度敏感,对头孢氨苄等低度敏感;大肠杆菌O83∶H1对环丙沙星和左氟沙星极度敏感,对头孢氨苄中度敏感,对卡那霉素低度敏感。 相似文献
7.
伴侣动物源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定及毒力和耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究南宁伴侣动物源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的毒力和耐药情况，本研究采集犬、猫粪便拭子，通过分离培养、形态学观察、药敏试验及PCR扩增16S rRNA、khe基因、毒力基因及耐药基因等方法对细菌特性进行分析。结果显示，分离的菌株中有4株能在麦康凯培养基上形成液状菌落，轻挑拉丝且镜检为短杆状革兰氏阴性菌，疑为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。16S rRNA测序结果显示，分离菌与肺炎克雷伯氏菌同源性达99%，同时肺炎克雷伯氏菌特异性基因（khe）阳性。其中，分离株GXKP-C14、GXKP-D15对大部分临床常用抗菌药物敏感，分离株GXKP-D1则表现出高水平多重耐药，分离株GXKP-D4耐药性稍低于GXKP-D1，对临床常用药氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢呋辛、四环素、多西环素、呋喃妥因、复方新诺明表现耐药，对头孢吡肟、美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、链霉素、多黏菌素等敏感。部分菌株携带tet（A）、QnrS、blaSHV、sul2、mcr-1等耐药基因和WabG毒力基因。本研究结果为犬、猫源肺炎克雷伯氏菌病的检测、诊断及治疗提供了试验依据。同时，黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1的检出将为多黏菌素的耐药性控制和合理使用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
为了阐明引起石河子地区某规模化奶牛场犊牛呼吸道症状的主要细菌性病原体及其生物学特性，本研究采集2~6月龄犊牛鼻拭子与肛拭子各39份，通过细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化分析、PCR扩增16S rRNA基因和溶血酵素（khe）基因、药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验等方法对分离菌株的生物学特性进行分析。结果显示，分离菌株中有3株在MIAC平板上形成紫红色带有沉淀环的菌落（鼻拭子1株，肛拭子2株），且镜检为革兰氏阴性短杆菌，疑为肺炎克雷伯菌。全自动微生物分析系统显示，分离株与肺炎克雷伯菌相似性均为96%；PCR扩增16S rRNA基因测序结果显示，分离株与GenBank数据库中肺炎克雷伯菌核苷酸相似性在96.5%~99.8%之间，肺炎克雷伯菌特异性基因khe阳性且相似性达99%以上；药敏结果显示，分离菌株对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、一代和二代氨基糖苷类、四环素类、一代大环内酯类、磺胺类、多烯类、林可酰胺类抗菌药呈现出不同程度的耐药；对三代氨基糖苷类、二代大环内酯类、氯霉素类、多肽类、喹诺酮类抗菌药敏感，且呈现不同程度的多重耐药性；致病性试验结果表明，分离菌株均可不同程度导致小鼠死亡且以鼻拭子分离株致病性较强。本研究成功分离鉴定石河子地区规模化奶牛场引起犊牛呼吸道症状的肺炎克雷伯菌3株，并阐明分离菌的部分生物学特性，为新疆地区牛源肺炎克雷伯菌病的检测、诊断及临床治疗提供技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
为了分析驻马店地区猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离菌株生物学特性,从驻马店地区不同养殖场中采集患呼吸道疾病猪肺脏、鼻拭子等病料组织74份中分离得到了43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、PCR方法和K-B药敏纸片分别检测49株肺炎克雷伯氏菌的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,30株肺炎克雷伯氏菌对小鼠具有很强的致病性;43株分离菌株以K5、K20为主要流行血清型,分别占分离菌株的37.2%、27.9%;43株分离菌株对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、大观霉素等7种药物耐药性较高,耐药率在51.2%以上,对其他药物的耐药率在18.6%~234.9%之间,且呈现多重耐药性,耐10、9种药物分离菌株最多,分别占分离菌株的25.6%、27.9%。本试验为该地区猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌病的防治提供理论基础。 相似文献
10.
《中国家禽》2017,(6)
为了对商品肉鸡场细菌耐药基因进行监控,从商品肉鸡场中分离肠杆菌科细菌74株,包括36株大肠杆菌、12株克雷伯氏菌、26株变形杆菌;选用14种β-内酰胺类抗菌药进行药物敏感性试验,检测分离菌株大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌和变形杆菌对各种药物的耐药率分别为26.92%~69.23%、8.67%~57.69%和63.97%~95.32%;经过超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)表型测定,确定19株耐药菌能够产生ESBL;用PCR对19株产生ESBL的菌株进行blaTEM、blaSHV和blaCTX-M三种基因型检测,显示大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌和变形杆菌中三个基因型检出率分别为100%、93.1%、96.5%;100%、51.7%、68.9%;100%、89.6%、79.3%。blaTEM检测检出率均为最高,作为优势基因进行耐药基因实时检测。利用实时荧光定量PCR对4个肉鸡场空舍期和养殖期三个时期地面样品进行blaTEM基因检测,结果表明,养殖时间较长和管理较差的鸡舍blaTEM增加倍数升高。 相似文献
11.
Vogel G Nicolet J Martig J Tschudi P Meylan M 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2001,143(7):341-350
The population under study included young calves with pneumonia (group A, n = 13) and their controls (group B, n = 9), as well as older calves from which the lungs with (group C, n = 90) or without (group D, n = 10) lesions were collected after slaughter. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was the organism most commonly isolated from calves in group A (46%), followed by Haemophilus somnus (23%), Mannheimia haemolytica (15%), Streptococcus suis and Pasteurella multocida (7.7% each). Only S. suis (22%) and P. multocida (11%) were found in group B. P. multocida was isolated from 32% group C calves, H. somnus from 11%, A. pyogenes from 7.8%, M. haemolytica from 2.2% and S. suis from 1.1%. No specific pathogens were isolated in group D. Prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis infection was 69% in group A and 37% in group C. Ninety-eight strains were tested for resistAnce to antibiotics. Resistance to penicillin and ampicillin was present only in M. haemolytica (46%). High percentages of resistant strains were observed for streptomycin (48-100%), tetracycline (15-43%), sulfonamides alone (14-100%) or in combination with trimethoprim (0-100%). Therapeutic approaches to bacterial calf pneumonia in the area under study should be modified according to the isolated bacterial population, the observed antimicrobial resistances and the growing importance of Mycoplasma bovis. 相似文献
12.
Cho YS Lee HS Lim SK Joo YS Kim JM Kim JH 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(9):959-964
Bovine bacterial respiratory diseases have been one of the most serious problems due to their high mortality and economic loss in calves. The vaccinations of bovine bacterial respiratory vaccines have been complex because of no multivalent vaccine. In this study, novel multivalent bovine bacterial respiratory vaccine (BRV) was developed and tested for its safety and efficacy. BRV was composed of two immunogens and five bacterins. These were leukotoxoid and bacterin of Mannheimia haemolytica type A, outer membrane protein and bacterin of Pasteurella multocida type A, and bacterins of Haemophilus somnus, Mycoplasma bovis, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. ELISA antibody titers to five bacterial antigens in vaccinated guinea pigs increased, compared with those in unvaccinated ones. BRV was safe for calves and pregnant cattle in this study. In calves challenged with M. haemolytica and P. multocida, the average daily weight gain and antibody titers of vaccinated calves increased, and respiratory symptoms (P<0.05) and treatment frequency (P<0.01) of vaccinated calves significantly decreased, compared with those of unvaccinated calves. Interestingly, the antibody titers of M. haemolytica leukotoxoid and Mycoplasma bovis were closely related with the reduction of respiratory symptoms. BRV would be an ecomonical measure for the protection against bovine bacterial respiratory diseases. 相似文献
13.
Kroemer S Galland D Guérin-Faublée V Giboin H Woehrlé-Fontaine F 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(2):53
A monitoring programme conducted in Europe since 1994 to survey the marbofloxacin susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from cattle has established the susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated before any antibiotic treatment from bovine mastitis and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) cases between 2002 and 2008. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by a standardised microdilution technique. For respiratory pathogens, Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica isolates (751 and 514 strains, respectively) were highly susceptible to marbofloxacin (MIC≤0.03 μg/ml for 77.39 per cent of the strains) and only 1.75 per cent of M haemolytica strains were resistant (MIC≥4 μg/ml). Histophilus somni isolates (73 strains) were highly susceptible to marbofloxacin (0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml). Mycoplasma bovis MIC (171 strains) ranged from 0.5 to 4 μg/ml. For mastitis pathogens, the majority of Escherichia coli isolates were highly susceptible to marbofloxacin (95.8 per cent of 617 strains). Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (568 and 280 strains) had a homogenous population with MIC centred on 0.25 μg/ml. Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (660 and 217 strains) were moderately susceptible with MIC centred on 1 μg/ml. Marbofloxacin MIC for these various pathogens appeared stable over the seven years of the monitoring programme and was similar to previously published MIC results. 相似文献
14.
Duarte ER Hamdan JS 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(1):1-7
Otitis externa in cattle has a significant impact in tropical and subtropical regions, and the aetiological agents are predominantly rhabditiform nematodes and mites of the genus Raillietia. Its prevalence is higher in mature and Zebu cattle. In advanced clinical cases there can be irreversible and fatal neural lesions. Ear infection in calves has been associated with concurrent respiratory diseases and mixed infection. The principal reported agents of otitis in calves are bacteria such as Actinomyces spp., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp. and Mycoplasma bovis. The control and treatment of bovine otitis is not standardized and there is little evidence-based support for the diverse treatments available in the literature. 相似文献
15.
Mihai I Gagea Kenneth G Bateman Tony van Dreumel Beverly J McEwen Susy Carman Marie Archambault Rachel A Shanahan Jeff L Caswell 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(1):18-28
This study determined the prevalence of diseases and pathogens associated with mortality or severe morbidity in 72 Ontario beef feedlots in calves that died or were euthanized within 60 days after arrival. Routine pathologic and microbiologic investigations, as well as immunohistochemical staining for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen, were performed on 99 calves that died or were euthanized within 60 days after arrival. Major disease conditions identified included fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia (49%), caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia or arthritis (or both) caused by Mycoplasma bovis (36%), viral respiratory disease (19%), BVDV-related diseases (21%), Histophilus somni myocarditis (8%), ruminal bloat (2%), and miscellaneous diseases (8%). Viral infections identified were BVDV (35%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (9%), bovine herpesvirus-1 (6%), parainfluenza-3 virus (3%), and bovine coronavirus (2%). Bacteria isolated from the lungs included M. bovis (82%), Mycoplasma arginini (72%), Ureaplasma diversum (25%), Mannheimia haemolytica (27%), Pasteurella multocida (19%), H. somni (14%), and Arcanobacterium pyogenes (19%). Pneumonia was the most frequent cause of mortality of beef calves during the first 2 months after arrival in feedlots, representing 69% of total deaths. The prevalence of caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia caused by M. bovis was similar to that of fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia, and together, these diseases were the most common causes of pneumonia and death. M. bovis pneumonia and polyarthritis has emerged as an important cause of mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. 相似文献
16.
The immunohistochemical detection of Mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissues of feedlot cattle with chronic, unresponsive respiratory disease and/or arthritis. 
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下载免费PDF全文 D M Haines K M Martin E G Clark G K Jim E D Janzen 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2001,42(11):857-860
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of selected pathogens in the tissues of a group of feedlot cattle with chronic disease (most often respiratory disease and/or arthritis). Samples of lung and joint tissues from 49 feedlot animals that had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy were tested by immunohistochemical staining for the antigens of Mycoplasma bovis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella (Mannheimia) hemolytica, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Mycoplasma bovis was demonstrated in over 80% of cases, including in 45% of joints and 71% of lungs tested. Mycoplasma bovis was the only bacterial pathogen identified in the joints. Haemophilus somnus and Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica were found in 14% and 23% of cases, respectively, and were confined to the lungs in all instances. Infection with BVDV was demonstrated in over 40% of cases. Mycoplasma bovis and BVDV were the most common pathogens persisting in the tissues of these animals that had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy. 相似文献
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Hirose K Kobayashi H Ito N Kawasaki Y Zako M Kotani K Ogawa H Sato H 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(7):347-351
Nasal swabs of 293 calves were examined for Mycoplasma. The samples were collected from calves affected with respiratory diseases on 71 farms in various parts of Japan between 1996 and 1997. Mycoplasma bovirhinis was isolated from 47 of 293 calves (16.0%). Mycoplasma alkalescens, M. bovis, M. arginini, M. bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma spp. were isolated from 19 (6.5%), seven (2.4%), four (1.4%), four (1.4%) and 18 (6.1%) calves, respectively. Pasteurella multocida and P. haemolytica were isolated from 60% of Mycoplasma-positive calves. However, other bacteria were not isolated from calves. To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of their isolates, 68 M. bovirhinis, 21 M. alkalescens and 10 M. bovis strains were examined for 12 antimicrobial agents. All isolates showed higher susceptibility to tiamulin than to the other drugs used in the study. However, erythromycin had no effect on any of the Mycoplasma strains studied. The field isolates were less susceptible than the type strains to some drugs, such as spiramycin, oxytetracycline and tylosin. 相似文献
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Härtel H Nikunen S Neuvonen E Tanskanen R Kivelä SL Aho R Soveri T Saloniemi H 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2004,45(3-4):193-200
Pathogens causing bovine respiratory tract disease in Finland were investigated. Eighteen cattle herds with bovine respiratory disease were included. Five diseased calves from each farm were chosen for closer examination and tracheobronchial lavage. Blood samples were taken from the calves at the time of the investigation and from 86 calves 3-4 weeks later. In addition, 6-10 blood samples from animals of different ages were collected from each herd, resulting in 169 samples. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine adenovirus-3 (BAV-3) and bovine adenovirus-7 (BAV-7). About one third of the samples were also tested for antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) with negative results. Bacteria were cultured from lavage fluid and in vitro susceptibility to selected antimicrobials was tested. According to serological findings, PIV-3, BAV-7, BAV-3, BCV and BRSV are common pathogens in Finnish cattle with respiratory problems. A titre rise especially for BAV-7 and BAV-3, the dual growth of Mycoplasma dispar and Pasteurella multocida, were typical findings in diseased calves. Pasteurella sp. strains showed no resistance to tested antimicrobials. Mycoplasma bovis and Mannheimia haemolytica were not found. 相似文献