共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 27 毫秒
1.
Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, harbours complex intestinal bacterial communities, which are important in several physiological processes of their host. Intestinal microbiota of grass carp have been previously described in numerous studies. However, an overview on the bacterial community diversity, including their establishment, their functions in host's nutritional processes and immune‐related responses, and use as probiotics, is absent. This study aimed to summarize the current understanding of the grass carp intestinal microbiota. In this review, we provide general information on the establishment and composition of intestinal microbial communities and factors influencing the diversity of gut microbiota. Also, this review covers the dietary effects of probiotics, prebiotics and/or synbiotics on the grass carp intestinal microbial communities and physiological characteristics. Although our knowledge of the grass carp intestinal microbiota is expanding rapidly, further studies on the factors affecting the diversity of intestinal microbes, interactions between intestinal microbiota and their hosts and application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics in aquaculture industry, are needed. 相似文献
2.
Guangyu Wang Zhaoqi Meng Lei Chen Jiahui Jiang Yali Feng Bosong Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):1133-1142
The kelp aquaculture production in China is the largest in the world, and a large amount of kelp residue is produced by kelp processing. Kelp residues contain substantial quantities of crude fibre, protein, and residual alginic acid, and may be used as feedstuff for aquaculture animals. In this study, we used probiotics to ferment kelp residues to improve kelp nutrient content and then fed the fermented kelp to the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. To study the effect of fermented feed on sea cucumber, its growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, diversity of intestinal microbiota and water quality of the sea cucumber culture water were determined. Growth performance of sea cucumber fed with fermented feed significantly (p < .01) increased when compared with sea cucumber fed with formulated feed. Amylase, cellulose and alginase activities were significantly (p < .01) higher in the fermented feed group when compared with the formulated feed group. The total number and diversity of intestinal microbiota showed a significant increase in sea cucumbers fed with the fermented feed. The water quality of the fermented feed group showed much lower ammonia and nitrite (<0.050 mg/L) levels when compared with the formulated feed group. These results suggest that kelp residues fermented with probiotics enhance the growth, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microbiota of sea cucumbers and improve the culture water quality. Fermented kelp residues are a new supplementary nutrient source for sea cucumbers and may be applicable to other animal aquacultures. 相似文献
3.
Bidhan C. De D. K. Meena B. K. Behera Pronob Das P. K. Das Mohapatra A. P. Sharma 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(3):921-971
Aquaculture is emerging as one of the most viable and promising enterprises for keeping pace with the surging need for animal protein, providing nutritional and food security to humans, particularly those residing in regions where livestock is relatively scarce. With every step toward intensification of aquaculture practices, there is an increase in the stress level in the animal as well as the environment. Hence, disease outbreak is being increasingly recognized as one of the most important constraints to aquaculture production in many countries, including India. Conventionally, the disease control in aquaculture has relied on the use of chemical compounds and antibiotics. The development of non-antibiotic and environmentally friendly agents is one of the key factors for health management in aquaculture. Consequently, with the emerging need for environmentally friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. In recent years, probiotics have taken center stage and are being used as an unconventional approach that has numerous beneficial effects in fish and shellfish culture: improved activity of gastrointestinal microbiota and enhanced immune status, disease resistance, survival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products, probiotics have much potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. Therefore, comprehensive research to fully characterize the intestinal microbiota of prominent fish species, mechanisms of action of probiotics and their effects on the intestinal ecosystem, immunity, fish health and performance is reasonable. This review highlights the classifications and applications of probiotics in aquaculture. The review also summarizes the advancement and research highlights of the probiotic status and mode of action, which are of great significance from an ecofriendly, sustainable, intensive aquaculture point of view. 相似文献
4.
Yan Jiang Zengxin Liu Xuezhou Liu Yongjiang Xu Bao Shi Bin Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(2):529-540
The research of intestinal microflora structures for Paralichthys olivaceus larvae and juveniles will help us to master the ontogeny and developmental colonization of microflora during the larval rearing stage. In this study, we sequenced the total bacterial genomic DNA in larval and juvenile guts with an Illumina MiSeq PE300 system, and analysed the structural characteristics of these microbiota, feed and rearing water in live and formulated feeding periods. The structure of gut microbiota was gradually similar to those in wild P. olivaceus at the phylum level and the newly hatched ones with the growth, according to the distribution and abundance of intestinal microbiota. And the colonized rule of main microbial species in guts was decreased initially and then increased during the larvae and juveniles stage. Meantime, the core microflora of this study were obtained through the analysis of shared and dominant species, which included Bacteroides, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Escherichia_Shigella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Nitrosomonas, and Glaciecola. The correlation analysis of microbiota between intestines and environmental factors suggested that microflora in feed and water could affect the distribution of larval and juvenile gut microbiota. Moreover, many species of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Vibrio are treated as important potential pathogens in aquaculture. These all pointed out the microbial quality of feed and rearing water should be strictly controlled in fish breeding and farming, and supply theoretical bases for screening the native probiotics to artificially regulate the gut microbiota. 相似文献
5.
Effect of dietary components on the gut microbiota of aquatic animals. A never‐ending story? 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E. Ringø Z. Zhou J.L.G. Vecino S. Wadsworth J. Romero Å. Krogdahl R.E. Olsen A. Dimitroglou A. Foey S. Davies M. Owen H.L. Lauzon L.L. Martinsen P. De Schryver P. Bossier S. Sperstad D.L. Merrifield 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(2):219-282
It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well‐being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as autochthonous or indigenous, when they are able to colonize the host's epithelial surface or are associated with the microvilli, or as allochthonous or transient (associated with digesta or are present in the lumen). Furthermore, the gut microbiota of aquatic animals is more fluidic than that of terrestrial vertebrates and is highly sensitive to dietary changes. In fish, it is demonstrated that [a] dietary form (live feeds or pelleted diets), [b] dietary lipid (lipid levels, lipid sources and polyunsaturated fatty acids), [c] protein sources (soybean meal, krill meal and other meal products), [d] functional glycomic ingredients (chitin and cellulose), [e] nutraceuticals (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and immunostimulants), [f] antibiotics, [g] dietary iron and [h] chromic oxide affect the gut microbiota. Furthermore, some information is available on bacterial colonization of the gut enterocyte surface as a result of dietary manipulation which indicates that changes in indigenous microbial populations may have repercussion on secondary host–microbe interactions. The effect of dietary components on the gut microbiota is important to investigate, as the gastrointestinal tract has been suggested as one of the major routes of infection in fish. Possible interactions between dietary components and the protective microbiota colonizing the digestive tract are discussed. 相似文献
6.
7.
探究了工厂化、网箱养殖模式对黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)幼鱼生长性能及消化道菌群的影响, 通过 16S rRNA 高通量测序和生物信息学方法, 分析了两种养殖模式下黄条鰤幼鱼消化道(胃、幽门盲囊、肠道)、饵料及养殖水中的菌群结构特征及其互作关系。结果显示, 本实验条件下, 网箱养殖黄条鰤幼鱼较工厂化养殖鱼生长性能显著提升; 在黄条鰤幼鱼消化道菌群方面, 门水平上的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和属水平上的拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)在网箱养殖模式中其丰度值高于工厂化养殖模式, 其中拟杆菌属仅出现于网箱养殖模式且呈现显著性差异; Beta 多样性分析显示消化道菌群更多受到饵料菌群的影响, 受水环境影响相对较小。KEGG 注释分析表明两种养殖模式的差异菌群中, 网箱养殖幼鱼消化道菌群主要参与磷酸转移酶系统 (PTS)和 NOD 样受体信号通路, 而工厂化养殖幼鱼为碳水化合物代谢和类胡萝卜素合成通路。本研究表明, 环境菌群中, 饵料菌群对消化道菌群的影响大于养殖水体菌群; 消化道微生物群落通过调整其组成结构从而改变菌群功能通路的方式, 积极参与两种养殖模式下黄条鰤幼鱼生长机能差异的调控。因此, 网箱养殖鱼表现出更快速的生长性能可能是由于机体内的菌群产生了更多的短链脂肪酸并诱导 IGF-1 等生长相关功能基因的表达, 从而促进机体的营养吸收和生长。本研究预期结果将为黄条鰤专用配合饲料的研制和健康养殖技术开发提供微生态理论支撑。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Similar to other industries, aquaculture constantly requires new techniques to increase production yields. Modern technologies and different scientific fields, such as biotechnology and microbiology, provide important tools that could lead to a higher quality and a greater quantity of products. New feeding practices in farming typically play an important role in aquaculture, and the addition of various additives to a balanced feed formula to achieve better growth is a common practice of many fish and shrimp feed manufacturers and farmers. As ‘bio‐friendly agents’, immunostimulants, such as biological factors, probiotics and vitamins, can be introduced into the culture environment to control and kill pathogenic bacteria, as well as to promote growth of the cultured organisms. In addition, immunostimulants are non‐pathogenic and non‐toxic and do not produce undesirable side effects when administered to aquatic organisms. In this review, we summarize previous studies performed with both traditional immunostimulants and the most promising new generation of immunostimulants, such as polysaccharides, nutrients, oligosaccharides, herbs, microorganisms, prebiotics and different biological factors. This review primarily focuses on their protective efficacies and on what is known concerning their effects on the immune systems of aquatic organisms when delivered in vivo. 相似文献
11.
以霍氏肠杆菌(E3)和乳酸菌(R3)2株益生菌对凡纳滨对虾进行为期4周的养殖饲喂实验,饲喂后期利用Biolog-ECO方法对实验组及空白组的凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物菌群多样性的差异进行比较分析,以评价益生菌对凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物菌群代谢功能的影响。结果显示,添加霍氏肠杆菌(E3)或乳酸菌(R3)的实验组,与空白组相比较,平均每孔颜色变化率显著上升,表明益生菌增强了肠道微生物活性;凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物利用各类碳源的整体能力显著增强,表明益生菌可以促进水产动物的代谢功能;肠道微生物多样性指数(包括Shannon、Simpson和McIntosh指数)有明显差异,表明饲喂2株益生菌可以提高凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群的丰富度。其中,停喂霍氏肠杆菌后第1天和第5天取样结果表明,Shannon指数显著降低,Simpson和McIntosh指数显著升高;停喂乳酸菌后的第1天和第5天取样结果表明,Shannon指数无显著差异,Simpson和McIntosh指数显著升高;二者在第10天取样的结果中均无显著差异,表明饲料中添加益生菌可以改变凡纳滨对虾肠道内原有菌群的数量和结构,促进对虾肠道内微生物群落间复杂的相互作用,进而在维持或者促进对虾健康方面发挥着重要的作用,同时也表明此两株益生菌在凡纳滨对虾肠道中停留时间最少为5 d。 相似文献
12.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):283-316
ABSTRACT India is a very populous country with more than one billion people. In order to provide food for this growing population, serious environmental problems may result. Despite many benefits from the green, blue, and silver revolutions adopted in India, there has been much concern resulting from intensive agricultural practices that led to environmental problems in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Increasing demand for aquatic resources also caused inland fisheries to decrease over the past few decades. The location of aquaculture projects, landscape destruction, soil and water pollution by pond effluents, over-exploitation of important fish stocks, depletion in biodiversity, conflicts over agriculture and aquaculture among various stakeholder groups over resource and space allocation, and international fish trade controversies have threatened the long-term sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture industries. The subject of sustainable aquaculture has not been adequately projected in terms of current aquaculture practices aimed to boost a rural economy. This review briefly describes the key issues of aquaculture unsustainability in terms of intensive aquaculture, nutrient enrichment syndrome, soil and groundwater salinization, destruction of mangroves, loss of biodiversity, marine pollution and loss of fish stock, use of aquachemicals and therapeutics, hormone residues, etc. The strategies for sustainability have been highlighted with respect to rice-cum-fish culture, carp polyculture, integrated farming with livestock, rural aquaculture, intensification of small farms, wastewater-fed aquaculture, crop rotation, probiotics, feed quality, socioeconomic considerations, environmental regulations and fisheries acts, transboundary aquatic ecosystems, impact of alien species, ethical aspects of intensive aquaculture, responsible fisheries, and environmental impact assessment. A suggested model outlines the feedback mechanisms for achieving long-term sustainability through improved farm management practices, integrated farming, use of selective aquachemicals and probiotics, conservation of natural resources, regulatory mechanism, and policy instruments. 相似文献
13.
14.
D.L. MERRIFIELD A. DIMITROGLOU G. BRADLEY R.T.M. BAKER S.J. DAVIES 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(5):504-510
The effect of dietary probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecium) used singularly and synergistically on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and health status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) were assessed after 10 weeks feeding on supplemented diets. No significant improvements of weight gain or specific growth rate were observed in the probiotic fed groups. However, a significant improvement of feed conversion ratio was observed in the group fed E. faecium. High levels of probiotic species were observed in the posterior gastrointestinal tract as transient digesta‐associated populations and potentially resident mucosal populations. Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis levels accounted for 36% of the total culturable microbial population adhered to the mucosa and 62% in the digesta. E. faecium levels accounted for 45% of the mucosal population and 89% of the population in the digesta. An increase of serum lysozyme activity was observed in the fish fed diets containing the Bacillus probionts and elevated leukocyte levels were observed in fish fed diets containing Bacillus + E. faecium synergistically. The results of the current study demonstrate potential for B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and E. faecium to improve feed utilization, modulate intestinal microbiota and the health status of rainbow trout. 相似文献
15.
Aquaculture has evolved as the fastest growing food-producing sector and developed as an important component in food security.
To keep a sustainable growth pattern, health management strategies must go beyond antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, which
create resistant bacteria and immunosuppression in the host. Besides development of drug resistant bacteria and pathogens,
the adverse effect of antibiotics is caused by their influence on the aquatic microflora, and the retention of harmful residues
in aquatic animals. On the other hand, the microbes with their unique structure and cell wall components can trigger immunity,
and thus exposure plays an important role in the evolution. Microbial intervention through an environmentally friendly approach
is an alternative method of health management. India is endowed with a bounty of varied climatic conditions, microbial diversity
and fish fauna and aquaculture systems offering challenges in biological and environmental pursuits. Producing about 4.4%
of world’s fish and ranking third in global fish production, India trades about 2.4% in global fish market with the annual
export earning being over $1311 million. Use of microbes for beneficial purposes is increasingly recognized as a valuable
input for sustainable and responsible aquaculture. Microbial intervention in aquaculture can be broadly water/environment
based through bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biocontrol measures, or (to generate) host response through probiotics, immunostimulants,
and vaccines. Also, application of molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid techniques are
making increasing inroads into aquatic microbiological research in India. This paper elucidates all these aspects of microbial
intervention in aquaculture, high-lighting Indian research and accomplishments. 相似文献
16.
Modulation of nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities in aquatic animals: The functional feed additives scenario 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Considering the costs of feed costs (nearly 60% of production cost), nutrition, feeding and feed utilization are among the most important factors in commercial aquaculture. During the last decade, administration of functional feed additives has been practiced for enhancing nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of cultured fish and shellfish. Traditionally, antibiotics were used for boosting growth performance and nutrient digestibility in commercial aquaculture. However, emergence of resistance pathogens and possible risk to human health resulted in limitation or prohibition of prophylactic administration of antibiotics. Recently, there was increasing attentions towards dietary administration of functional feed additives that include probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for elevation of digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility. The results of those studies revealed contradictory effects of different pro‐, pre‐ or synbiotics on various fish species. It seems that the effects are species specific and related to modulation of the intestinal microbiota. In view of this issue, the present review provides a comprehensive sight on the effects of different pro‐, pre‐ and synbiotics on digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility in different species with special focus on the mode of action. In addition, the present review highlighted the gaps of existing knowledge as well as suggesting the subjects which needs additional studies. 相似文献
17.
鱼类肠道内存在着大量的微生物类群,其在宿主生长发育、代谢及免疫调控过程中扮演着重要的角色。大量研究显示肠道菌群与宿主脂代谢关系密切,能够通过调节肠道短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)、内毒素(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)、胆汁酸、氧化三甲胺等菌群代谢产物以及肠上皮细胞的通透性,影响宿主脂质代谢。本文对国内外鱼类肠道菌群及其与机体脂质代谢作用关系进行梳理,综合报道了鱼类肠道菌群的组成、脂类营养对鱼类肠道菌群的影响、鱼类肠道菌群与机体脂质代谢的关系及基于肠道菌群调控鱼类脂质代谢的策略。在鱼类肠道中,菌群种类及结构的变化或可作为鱼类脂代谢紊乱的早期诊断标志。在此基础上,基于肠道菌群稳态维持而采取调控手段,如合理应用益生菌、益生元等,或将为鱼类等水产动物脂质代谢紊乱防控提供新的方法。 相似文献
18.
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar Yun‐Zhang Sun Christopher Marlowe Caipang 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1380-1391
Restriction or ban on antibiotic administration in aquaculture encourages the development of environment‐friendly feed additives as immunostimulants. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their salts are ‘Generally Regarded as Safe’ and are often used as antimicrobials in the livestock feed industry. Formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate and their salts are among the most studied SCFAs in aquaculture. These SCFAs affect the host performance as well as physiological response upon three ways: either through effects of the feeds that are being administered, through effects on the gastrointestinal tract of the animal or through direct effects on metabolism. To date, most of the available data are focused on the effects of SCFAs on growth performance and feed utilization. Despite extensive research studies on the effects of the different type of SCFAs and their salts on growth performance and feed utilization, the effects of these feed additives on the health of aquatic organisms have only been receiving attention recently. The results of the studies demonstrated beneficial effects of SCFAs as promising feed additives in aquaculture. The present review article summarizes and discusses the topic of dietary administration of SCFAs and their salts in aquaculture with a closer look at the recent findings regarding the effects of SCFAs on growth performance and health status of fish and shellfish. Furthermore, this review identifies the gaps of existing knowledge regarding the roles of SCFAs in the growth and health status of aquatic animals and suggests research areas that merit further investigations. 相似文献
19.
生物絮团养殖模式下益生菌添加对异育银鲫生长、消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
前期研究表明,生物絮团技术(biofloc technology,BFT)适于异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖。为进一步优化BFT养殖模式,本研究设置3个实验组:BFT模式下EM菌添加组(BB组)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)添加组(BI组)和BFT对照组(B组),以均体重(1.60±0.50)g的异育银鲫为研究对象,探讨BFT模式下外源添加益生菌对养殖动物生长、消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响。结果表明:(1)益生菌添加组异育银鲫增重率和特定生长率显著高于对照组(P0.05),BB和BI组的增重率分别提高了216.70%和184.04%,特定生长率分别提高了141.18%和125.49%,BB和BI组间差异不显著(P0.05);(2)益生菌添加组(BB组和BI组)的消化酶(淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶)活性均显著高于对照组(B组)(P0.05)。益生菌添加组间,BB组淀粉酶活性显著高于BI组(P0.05),脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶活性亦高于BI组,但差异不显著(P0.05);(3)益生菌添加组肠道肌层厚度和黏膜下层厚度显著高于对照组(B组)(P0.05),BB组异育银鲫肠道黏膜皱襞高度和皱襞间质宽度与BI和对照组相比,均无显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,BFT养殖模式下外源添加益生菌可以更好地促进异育银鲫生长。 相似文献
20.
Comparison of Intestinal Microbiota in Intestinal Tracts of the Wild and Cultured Seahorses,Hippocampus trimaculatus (Leach) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Kai Wang Yanhong Zhang Feng Li Qiang Lin 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(1):123-128
Seahorse aquaculture has been a focus for meeting the demand of Chinese traditional medicine and aquarium, and one of the bottlenecks for aquaculture is disease. The present study focused on the intestinal microbiota between wild and cultured seahorses. Results showed that the Alcaligenaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were the dominant intestinal flora in intestinal tracts of seahorses, and Achromobacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Serratia sp. were the dominant intestinal flora. It was the first time that two strains (TPL14 and yb97) of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were found in cultured seahorses and even in fishes. Interestingly, Vibrio, which accounted for 19.35% of the intestinal bacterial communities, only occurred in the cultured seahorses, and it was strongly involved in the intestinal diseases in seahorse H. trimaculatus. 相似文献