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1.
本试验旨在研究β-伴大豆球蛋白在仔猪胃肠组织中的分布规律。选用母本品种、胎次相同及体重相近的28日龄健康的杜*长*大断奶仔公猪20头,随机分为2组,每组2个重复,每个重复5头仔猪。对照组饲喂不含大豆抗原蛋白的基础日粮,试验组饲喂含4% β-伴大豆球蛋白的日粮。试验期5 d。结果表明,在仔猪消化道内,仔猪空肠后段中β-伴大豆球蛋白含量最高,而胃和小肠前半段的含量较低,且胃、十二指肠黏膜中β-伴大豆球蛋白含量显著高于胃肠组织（P＜0.05）。 相似文献
2.
选取88头7日龄＂杜×长×大＂三元杂交仔猪,按体质量和性别随机分成11组,每组8头。仔猪经皮下注射进行免疫,A组（对照组）注射生理盐水,大豆球蛋白（11S）B、C、D免疫组注射11S500μg/kg.w,21日龄时进行二免,23日龄C、D组分别肌肉注射11S2 500、5 000μg/kg.w;大豆球蛋白（11S）E、F组不免疫,23日龄肌肉注射11S2 500、5 000μg/kg.w。β-伴大豆球蛋白（7S）分组同11S。所有仔猪于23日龄断奶,在7、21、35日龄时空腹称重,计算平均日增重。试验结束时,每组选择5头仔猪进行屠宰,取十二指肠近端、空肠中段、回肠近段各2cm,用于测定消化酶活性和组胺水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,免疫500μg/kg.w 11S和7S可显著提高断奶仔猪平均体质量和平均日增重（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,直接致敏2 500、5 000μg/kg.w的11S和7S可显著降低断奶仔猪的平均体质量和平均日增重（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;11S可显著降低断奶仔猪十二指肠、回肠中胰淀粉酶、蛋白酶和十二指肠脂肪酶活性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,降低十二指肠、回肠组胺水平（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;而7S显著降低断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠胰淀粉酶、蛋白酶和十二指肠中脂肪酶活性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,降低十二指肠、空肠组胺水平（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。与免疫组相比,免疫后致敏5 000μg/kg.w的11S可显著降低断奶仔猪的平均体质量和平均日增重（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）、十二指肠、回肠中胰淀粉酶、蛋白酶、十二指肠脂肪酶活性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）和十二指肠、回肠组胺水平（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;致敏2 500、5 000μg/kg.w的7S差异不显著（P〉0.05）。对仔猪提前免疫大豆蛋白抗原,能显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能和小肠中消化酶活性,降低组胺的释放,从而促进仔猪的生长,并且7S的免疫效果明显优于11S。 相似文献
3.
大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白对断奶仔猪的免疫原性试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选用56头7日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成7组,每组8头。仔猪经皮下注射进行免疫,其中对照组注射生理盐水0.5mg,试验组分别注射3个剂量(每千克体重100,500和1000μg)的大豆球蛋白(11S)和β-伴大豆球蛋白(7S),21日龄时进行二免。所有仔猪均于22日龄时断奶,在7、21、35日龄经前腔静脉采血,用于免疫指标的测定,同时进行仔猪的皮肤红斑直径试验。结果显示,仔猪对11S和7S的过敏反应呈++,并且7S的免疫原性显著高于11S的免疫原性(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,仔猪每千克体重注射100μg的11S和7S后皮肤红斑直径差异不显著,而每千克体重注射500、1000μg的11S和7S后红斑直径极显著降低(P<0.01),且每千克体重注射500μg和000μg的7S后的红斑直径分别极显著低于注射相应剂量的11S的红斑直径(P<0.01)。每千克体重注射500、1000μg的7S后能极显著提高仔猪的木糖吸收能力(P<0.01),并且能产生有效的抗体效价滴度,但两剂量之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,对仔猪进行免疫11S和7S的最适剂量为每千克体重500μg。 相似文献
4.
大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白对反刍前犊牛致敏作用的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
8头初生荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为A、B两组,每组4头。分别饲喂含生全脂大豆粉的代乳料和全乳。1、3、7、10、14、18、22、26、30、34、38、42日龄早饲前采血5mL,分离血清,以提纯大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白及其相邻收集馏分(7S二峰、11S二峰)为抗原,采用ELISA方法测定血清中特异性抗体滴度。结果表明:A组犊牛自10日龄起全部开始腹泻,20日龄左右粪便中可见脱落的肠黏膜,而B组犊牛无腹泻发生;A组犊牛血清中各种大豆抗原蛋白的特异性抗体滴度均极显著地(P<0.01)高于B组;饲喂初乳后,3日龄血清抗体滴度出现一个峰值;在持续饲喂大豆蛋白的情况下,6周龄内血清抗体持续升高,未见下降趋势,其中7S二峰致敏性高于大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和11S二峰;β-伴大豆球蛋白在30日龄前致敏性高于大豆球蛋白和11S二峰。 相似文献
5.
《动物营养学报》2020,(7)
本试验旨在研究早期断奶对仔猪小肠中谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺转运载体表达的影响。试验从40头母猪的仔猪中各选出体重相近、10日龄的杜长大三元杂交仔猪1头,共40头仔猪,随机不配对分为2组,每组20头仔猪,对照组为哺乳仔猪,随母猪喂养;试验组为断奶仔猪,隔离断奶饲养。试验期10 d。饲养结束,每组随机选取12头仔猪,屠宰后取空肠和回肠组织,测定谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺转运载体蛋白和mRNA表达情况,并检测小肠组织形态和小肠氧化应激水平。结果表明:与哺乳仔猪相比,早期断奶显著提高了仔猪空肠和回肠谷氨酸/胱氨酸交换载体(xCT)和中性氨基酸转运载体2(ASCT2)蛋白和mRNA表达量(P0.05);皮尔森相关分析结果显示,断奶仔猪与哺乳仔猪的xCT和ASCT2蛋白表达量在空肠和回肠组织匀浆、细胞内质、细胞顶膜与空肠和回肠中对应mRNA表达量之间均呈正向线性关系,且差异显著(P0.05)。与哺乳仔猪相比,断奶仔猪空肠和回肠绒毛高度降低,隐窝深度增加,差异均显著(P0.05)。与哺乳仔猪相比,断奶仔猪空肠和回肠组织的总抗氧化能力均显著降低(P0.05),且空肠氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量显著提高(P0.05),回肠谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,早期断奶使仔猪小肠处于氧化应激状态,显著提高断奶仔猪小肠组织中xCT和ASCT2蛋白及mRNA表达量,以促进谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺的摄取,降低仔猪小肠的氧化应激水平。 相似文献
6.
丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道屏障功能和血清细胞因子含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道屏障功能和血清细胞因子含量的影响。试验采用单因子设计,选择28日龄、体重相近、健康状况良好的"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪12头,按完全随机区组设计分为2个组,每组6个重复,单栏饲养。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5×10~5CFU/g丁酸梭菌。试验预试期3 d,正试期14 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组仔猪平均日增重显著提高7.83%(P0.05)、料重比降低5.26%(P0.05);试验组仔猪空肠NOD样受体蛋白(NLRP)3(P0.05)、NLRP6(P0.05)、NLRP12(P0.01)、封闭蛋白1(claudin-1)(P0.01)和紧密连接蛋白2(ZO-2)(P0.05)的mRNA相对表达水平显著或极显著上调,回肠claudin-1和ZO-2的mRNA相对表达水平极显著上调(P0.01);试验组仔猪空肠和回肠中乳酸杆菌数量显著提高(P0.05),空肠中大肠杆菌数量降低2.49%(P0.05),回肠中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05);试验组仔猪血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β含量降低5.47%、IL-10含量提高25.43%(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌能提高仔猪小肠屏障功能,调节机体免疫和肠道菌群平衡,促进仔猪生长。 相似文献
7.
断奶仔猪小肠黏膜脂肪酸结合蛋白和二肽转运载体1mRNA表达发育性变化及谷氨酰胺对其的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究断奶仔猪小肠黏膜脂肪酸结合蛋白( Ⅰ-FABP)和二肽转运载体1( PEPT1) mRNA表达的发育性变化及谷氨酰胺对其的影响.以69头(21±3)日龄断奶杜×长×大仔猪为试验动物,断奶当天选取3头猪进行屠宰,剩余66头随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复11头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+1％谷氨酰胺.断奶后第3、5、7、14天试验组和对照组分别选取3头猪进行屠宰(共计27头),取十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜组织样品,通过实时定量PCR法测定Ⅰ-FABP和PEPT1 mRNA的表达量.结果表明:1)Ⅰ-FABP和PEPT1 mRNA的表达量各肠段间无显著差异(P＞0.05);2)Ⅰ-FABP和PEPT1 mRNA在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的表达量均在断奶后急剧下降,断奶第3天的表达量最低,显著低于断奶当天(P＜0.05),而后逐渐升高,第14天达到峰值;3)试验组Ⅰ-FABP和PEPT1 mRNA表达量与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05),但试验组表现出促使十二指肠、空肠、回肠黏膜的Ⅰ-FABP和十二指肠PEPT1 mRNA表达提前恢复至断奶前水平的趋势.结果提示,断奶仔猪Ⅰ-FABP和PEPT1 mRNA表达量随时间而变化,谷氨酰胺对断奶后Ⅰ-FABP和PEPT1 mRNA表达量的恢复有一定的促进作用. 相似文献
8.
旨在研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)暴露对断奶仔猪血清及肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响。选择30头21日龄临床检查健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,体质量(6.87±0.41)kg,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,低剂量组和高剂量组分别饲喂含1,2 mg/kg的DON日粮,试验期为60 d。试验结束时,所有仔猪经前腔静脉采血,分离血清,用于检测免疫因子含量;同时每组随机选择5头仔猪进行屠宰,收集免疫器官及各段小肠,用于检测免疫器官指数及小肠组织中免疫球蛋白的表达水平。结果显示:与对照组相比,DON处理组仔猪血清中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、补体3(C3)及补体4(C4)含量均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);试验组仔猪脾脏指数较对照组显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);小肠各段肠黏膜中免疫球蛋白表达水平均随DON含量的增加而显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果表明,在本试验条件下,DON可降低断奶仔猪的体液免疫及肠道黏膜免疫水平,改变仔猪的免疫功能。 相似文献
9.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加表皮生长因子(EGF)对断奶仔猪血清生化指标、血清游离氨基酸和小肠黏膜水解氨基酸含量的影响。选取体重相近、健康的21日龄断奶仔猪42头,随机分成3组,每组14个重复,每个重复1头仔猪。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加200和400μg/kg EGF的试验饲粮。试验期为14 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加EGF对断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比没有显著影响(P0.05)。2)断奶后7 d,Ⅱ组血清尿酸含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),而Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。断奶后14 d,Ⅲ组血清肌酐含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),且Ⅲ组血清谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶值显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05)。饲粮中添加EGF对断奶仔猪血清尿素氮、葡萄糖、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G、胰岛素样生长因子-1、生长激素含量,白蛋白/球蛋白,谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性没有显著影响(P0.05)。3)断奶后7 d,Ⅱ组血清牛磺酸、丙氨酸、瓜氨酸和组氨酸含量显著低于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组血清精氨酸、谷氨酸和丝氨酸含量显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),各组之间其他血清氨基酸含量无显著差异(P0.05)。4)断奶后14 d,与Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组比,Ⅱ组空肠黏膜缬氨酸和回肠黏膜半胱氨酸含量显著升高(P0.05),Ⅱ组空肠黏膜丝氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和组氨酸含量也有升高趋势(P0.10)。综上所述,饲粮中添加高剂量EGF能够降低断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白A等生化指标含量,而饲粮中添加低剂量EGF能够降低血清和小肠黏膜部分氨基酸含量。 相似文献
10.
将12头28日龄断奶的仔猪,随机分为A、B两组,每组6头,A组为对照组,B组为试验组.A组饲喂不含任何豆科植物成分的饲粮,B组在A组饲料的基础上按18%比例加入粗提的大豆球蛋白,观察并测量结果,研究大豆中主要的抗原蛋白一大豆球蛋白对断奶仔猪的生产性能、养分消化能力的影响.结果表明:①大豆球蛋白可以导致仔猪的腹泻,引起肠道的损伤导致了肠道消化能力的障碍,其中B组腹泻程度、持续时间、频率均超过A组.②文中的论述和结果中采用日增重、消化率A>B、料肉比AA,且差异显著(P<0.05). 相似文献
11.
The relationship between dry matter (DM) degradation and crude protein (CP) degradation in the dairy cow's rumen was determined with a view to defining the protein value of feeds for ruminants. The nylon bag technique was applied for these studies. For all the feeds investigate (green fodder and preserves from cocks-foot, ryegrass, alfalfa/grass and meadow grass, as well as alfalfa, extracted soybean meal) a significantly positive relationship was found to exist between the levels of DM and CP degradation (r = 0.73 to 1.0). The regression coefficient b1 (CP degradation as regressor) was found to average 0.87. The positive relationship between DM degradation and CP degradation implies that microbial protein amount and unfermented feed protein at the duodenum are negatively correlated. Model calculations show that, on account of the compensation between microbial protein and feed protein at the duodenum, in feeds with a CP concentration below 200 g/kg DM, the extent of ruminal protein degradation does not exert a marked influence on duodenal protein passage. The partial calculation of the duodenal protein supply on the basis of undegraded feed protein and microbial protein, as practiced in the new models of protein evaluation, leads to systematic errors unless the relationship between DM degradation and CP degradation is considered. 相似文献
12.
Spielmann J Kluge H Stangl GI Eder K 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(4):400-409
This study was performed to assess the effects of potato protein and fish protein on concentrations of lipids in plasma and lipoproteins and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in pigs used as an animal model. Therefore, 27 young male pigs with an average body weight of 22 kg were fed diets supplemented with protein extracted from potatoes (containing 849 g protein/kg dry matter), Alaska Pollack fillet as a source of fish protein (containing 926 g crude protein/kg dry matter) or casein which was used as control, for 3 weeks. Diets were formulated to supply identical amounts of each protein to the pigs by the three protein sources, namely 116 g/day in first week and 150 g/day in the second and third week. Pigs fed potato protein had lower concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and LDL than pigs fed casein (p < 0.05); no effect was observed on concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Pigs fed fish protein had lower cholesterol concentrations in plasma, LDL and HDL, and lower triglyceride concentrations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins than pigs fed casein (p < 0.05). mRNA concentrations of genes involved in bile acid synthesis and cholesterol uptake were higher in pigs fed fish protein than in pigs fed casein (p < 0.05); no effect on these genes was observed in pigs fed potato protein. Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation was not altered by fish protein. In conclusion, this study shows that fish protein and potato protein lower plasma cholesterol concentrations in pigs. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of fish protein might be in part caused by a stimulation of bile acid synthesis; the reason for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of potato protein requires further elucidation. 相似文献
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1. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not varying dietary protein intake affects whole-body protein turnover rates in young chicks. 2. Seven-d-old single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed on diets with protein concentrations of 0, 100, 200 or 400 g/kg diet under conditions of ad libitum or equalised feeding. At the end of the experiments, the rate of protein synthesis and protein degradation in the whole body were measured in vivo. 3. The results showed that both fractional and absolute rates of protein synthesis increased with increasing dietary protein up to 200 g/kg; above this concentration they remained almost constant when feeding was ad libitum. 4. Similar responses were found with equalized feeding except that a significant reduction in protein synthesis was found when dietary protein was increased from 200 to 400 g/kg diet. 5. Less sensitive and almost parallel changes in protein degradation rates were found. 6. It was concluded that adaptation to varied dietary protein intake occurred primarily through changes in protein synthesis, accompanied by parallel alterations in protein degradation in the whole body. 相似文献
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A. S. Green J. J. Ramsey C. Villaverde D. Asami A. J. Fascetti 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(2):219-219
It is well-accepted that cats require more dietary protein than omnivores and herbivores. Work on hepatic enzyme activities showed that cats lack the ability to regulate the urea cycle enzymes in response to the dietary supply of protein. It was thus hypothesized that the high protein requirement of cats is due to an inability to regulate these enzymes, limiting adaptation to a low protein diet. We used indirect respiration calorimetry to assess the in vivo ability of cats to adapt substrate oxidation to different levels of dietary protein, including one below their protein requirement. In random order, eight cats consumed each of four semi-purified diets containing 7.7% (LP), 14.6% (AP), 27.3% (MP) and 51.1% (HP) of ME from protein. Cats consumed each diet for at least 14 days and then completed a 5-day nitrogen balance trial and at least 2, 12-hour indirect calorimetry measurements. The data were analyzed by anova using the Mixed procedure of SAS and are expressed as mean ± SEM. There was a significant effect of diet on protein oxidation (p < 0.0001), measuring 9.8 ± 0.5%, 13.4 ± 0.9%, 23.5 ± 0.8% and 49.0 ± 1.8% of total energy expenditure on the LP, AP, MP and HP diets, respectively. The ratio of protein oxidation/protein intake was significantly higher with the LP diet (1.27 ± 0.07) than the other three diets (AP, 0.92 ± 0.06; MP, 0.86 ± 0.03; HP, 0.96 ± 0.04; p < 0.0001), indicating a net loss of protein on the LP diet. Thus, cats adapted to a wide range of dietary protein concentrations, but were unable to fully adapt to the LP diet. 相似文献
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乳猪能否顺利断奶是养猪业成功的关键.乳猪消化系统的发育尚未完善,需要易消化、质量高的蛋白原料.因此,高质量、易消化的乳蛋白和血浆蛋白等常被用作乳猪开食料的蛋白原料. 相似文献
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The influence of replacement of milk protein by isolated soy protein on digestion and pancreatic enzyme secretion was determined in nine Holstein male calves. Calves (average weight 47 kg) were fitted with permanent re-entrant pancreatic and a T-type cannula in the distal ileum at 6 to 10 d of age. Following a 2-wk recuperation period, the calves were fed three milk replacers in a triplicated 3 x 3 latin square. Experimental diets consisted of a control, in which 100% of the CP originated from spray-dried skim milk powder (SM), and the test diets, in which 50% (SM/ISP) or 100% (ISP) of the skim milk protein was replaced by isolated soy protein. Each experimental period lasted 2 wk. Replacement of SM protein by ISP decreased (P less than .05) the digestibilities of protein and most amino acids. Ileal digestibilities of total indispensable amino acids for SM, SM/ISP and ISP diets were 82.1, 75.8 and 61.8%, respectively, and total tract digestibilities of total indispensable amino acids were 90.0, 82.6 and 74.0%, respectively. Including ISP did not affect (P greater than .05) the volume of secretion of pancreatic juice, protein or chymotrypsin; however, the secretion of trypsin decreased (P less than .05). Reduction in trypsin secretion may be responsible, in part, for the lower amino acid digestibilities in milk replacers containing isolated soy protein. 相似文献