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1.
花生种子发育过程中脂肪酸累积模式研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
花生种子脂肪酸组成是决定花生油营养和储藏品质的关键因子。本文通过对花生种子脂肪酸累积模式的研究,揭示花生脂肪酸组成的形成规律。在开花结荚期和荚果成熟期每隔7天取材一次,果针入土后第7天第一次取材,对各个时期果仁进行脂肪酸分析,研究脂肪酸组成及积累规律;并对种子发育全过程的脂肪酸组成进行相关分析和主成份分析。研究结果显示,下针后10天内的花生种子可检测到9种脂肪酸,C16:1和C18:3在发育过程中由高到低,逐渐消失,其他7种脂肪酸则随着花生种子的发育逐渐积累增高。成熟的花生种子中油酸和亚油酸含量占脂肪酸总含量的81%左右。脂肪酸总量在接近成熟时有所下降。不同脂肪酸在累积过程中显示了高度相关性,C16:1和C18:3之间呈正相关,属于第一类;其余7种脂肪酸之间也均呈正相关,属于第二类。第一和第二类脂肪酸之间呈负相关。主成份分析表明,9种脂肪酸可以分成三类：C18:1与C18:2各为一类,其他7种脂肪酸为另一类,C18:1与C18:2之比是花生脂肪酸组成的决定性因素。通过分析表明,决定花生脂肪酸组成的关键基因主要是脂肪酸去饱和酶FAD2基因和SAD基因,有目的地对这两个基因的表达进行调控对于花生脂肪酸组成的改良有着重要的价值和意义。 相似文献
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大豆种子脂肪酸含量的快速测定 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
脂肪酸的含量是油料作物品质的重要指标,以往的脂肪酸测定方法需要样品量大、工序繁琐、耗时长,不适合育种工作者前期对材料的筛选.用0.040 g大豆种子(约占种子的1/4)对脂肪酸的提取和甲酯化过程进行了条件优化,采用提取液(苯:石油醚=1:1)提取5 min,0.5 mol·L-1甲醇钠酯化7 min后即可进行气相色谱分析,使通常需要用近10 h的工作在12 min内完成,大大缩短了检测时间.通过与传统的索氏提取(GB/T5009.6-2003)、甲酯化方法(GB/T 17376-1998)比较,改进的方法结果准确可靠. 相似文献
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以5个高油酸含量花生品种和1个普通油酸含量花生品种为试材,在调查测定农艺性状、种子脂肪酸含量和SSR引物扩增带型的基础上,分析高油酸含量花生品种的多样性.结果表明,5个高油酸含量的花生品种在主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、饱果数、百果重和百仁重6个性状方面的差异明显;其油酸含量均在80％以上,而其他七种脂肪酸的含量各有差异;利用12对SSR引物进行PCR扩增分析,共扩增出50条带,其中40条呈现多态,供试品种间的遗传相似系数介于0.325～0.750之间,平均为0.655.聚类分析结果表明,同一育种单位品种间的遗传相似系数较高,首先聚类在一起;国内高油酸含量品种间的遗传基础相近,优先聚为一类;高油酸含量品种与普通油酸含量品种间的遗传相似系数低,最后聚在一起. 相似文献
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广东花生育种研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
广东花生育种工作起步于20世纪50年代中期开始进行的农家种的征集评选,系选种的选育及其后的推广应用.60年代初期开始进行农家种的杂交选育及推广应用,并开展了辐射技术与杂交技术相结合的方法进行新品种的选育,成为辐射与杂交相结合育种的典范;1970年以前花生育种工作的重点是抗青枯病育种,1970年以后花生育种工作的重点是抗旱锈病育种兼抗青枯病育种.70年代中期开始直接利用外来种质和抗性基因改良花生抗病(青枯病、锈病、叶斑病)性并取得成效;1981～1986年抗锈遗传研究对选育高产抗锈病花生品种起到理论指导作用;育种家以农家种狮头企为基础亲本材料,经过50年不断遗传改良,形成了一个较大的花生品种群体.广东花生选育种历史实质上是农家种狮头企及其后代的遗传改良历史.广东花生育种工作及其品种的推广应用促进了广东和全国花生生产及育种的发展. 相似文献
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花生栽培存在高产与不抗病的矛盾,在育种上需要具有高抗和适应强的“基因源”渗入栽培种。可是在育种中却面临着遗传基础狭窄的问题。花生属植物资源,具备这种“基因源”的条件。如何使野生种的抗性基因引入栽培种已为花生育种者所关注。 花生原产于南美洲,本世纪三十年代人们就已开始对花生属植物资源的利用研究.1935年Hull及Caruer以栽培种和A.glabrata杂交,未得到杂种;1946年Gregory报道他试图用花生栽培种与两个野生种(A.Villosalicarpa及A.diogoi)进行种间杂交,也未成功; 相似文献
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花生辐射育种,国内外都做了大量工作。在生产上已推广了奥油22、551,辐矮50和NC4—X等几个辐射选育的花生新品种.但目前国内对花生辐射育种的看法不一。一种意见认为,辐射是花生育种的一种有效方法;一种意见认为,辐射对花生育种效果不大;还有的认为,辐射必须与常规结合才能有效。在花生辐射遗传方面,国外有一定的研究,国内研究较少.我们从1971年起,结合花生辐射育种,对花生辐射的一般遗传变异规律,进行了一些粗浅地研究,现综合于下,供参考。 相似文献
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高油酸花生遗传改良研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油酸和亚油酸是花生种仁中的主要脂肪酸,其含量和比例是花生和花生油的重要品质指标,花生中的油酸含量存在丰富的遗传变异,与普通花生相比,高油酸花生因含有较高的不饱和脂肪酸更受到消费者的青睐。提高花生油酸含量、降低亚油酸含量(即提高油酸、亚油酸比值,O/L值) 是花生品质改良的重点,也是国内外研究的热点之一。通过育种途径改良花生脂肪酸成分及其含量,对于提高人民生活水平和增进营养健康具有重要意义。本文围绕着调控油酸含量的脂肪酸脱氢酶FAD2 基因的特点,高油酸花生分子标记的研究进展,油酸含量的检测技术和高油酸花生育种的方法进行了综述,总结了中美两国高油酸花生育成的新品种以及对高油酸花生育种的现状,并进行了展望。 相似文献
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花生主要营养品质的改良潜力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用改良潜力公式推算，花生蛋白质的改良潜力大于粗脂肪，油酸大于亚油酸，不饱和脂肪酸大于饱和脂肪酸，不同类型间改良潜力存在一定差异，不同省（区）间的主要营养品质也存在差异。 相似文献
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Azeem A. Neelagund Y.F. Rathod V. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1999,53(4):381-386
The fatty acid profile and the fatty acid composition of microbial lipids obtained from molds revealed that oil from Aspergillus sydowii, Fusarium oxysporum and F. equisetti had a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic acid, and had a similarity to the edible oils, groundnut and palm oil. This study sheds light on the possibilities of exploring the use of these oils as supplement to other edible fats and for other non-edible industrial purposes. 相似文献
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Very few efforts have been made to improve the nutritional quality of groundnut, as biochemical estimation of quality traits is laborious and uneconomic; hence, it is difficult to improve them through traditional breeding alone. Identification of molecular markers for quality traits will have a great impact in molecular breeding. An attempt was made to identify microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for important nutritional traits (protein content, oil content and oil quality in terms of oleic acid, linoleic acid and oleic/linoleic acid ratio) in a mapping population consisting of 146 recombinant inbreed lines (RILs) of a cross TG26 × GPBD4. Phenotyping data analysis for quality traits showed significant variation in the population and environment, genotype × environment interaction and high heritability was observed for all the traits. Negative correlation between protein content and oil content, oleic acid and linoleic acid indicated their antagonistic nature. After screening >1000 SSR markers, a partial genetic linkage map comprising of 45 SSR loci on 8 linkage groups with an average inter-marker distance of 14.62 cM was developed. QTL analysis based on single marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping identified some candidate SSR markers associated with major QTLs as well as several minor QTLs for the nutritional traits. Validation of these major QTLs using a wider genetic background may provide the markers for molecular breeding for improving groundnut for nutritional traits. 相似文献
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花生高产种质的耐铝毒能力评价 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
以人工模拟铝毒胁迫盆栽试验,研究了８个不同花生高产早熟种质对铝毒胁迫的反应,吕毒胁迫对花生的主要性状有的抑制作用,鉴定出具有较强耐铝毒胁迫的９３－８１等材料,并通过分析不同性状与铝毒胁迫下产量稳定性的相关性,明确了根系体积和重量是花生耐酸性评价和选择最重要性状,提出了花生耐酸性的综合评价方法 。 相似文献
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栽培种花生对青枯菌潜伏侵染的反应 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
通过对国内外已鉴定出的主要抗青枯病花生种质进行人工接种和多克隆抗体检测,研究栽培花生对青枯菌潜伏侵染的反应。根据青枯菌在花生植株体内的潜伏定殖部位,将抗病花生品种划分为５个反应类型,类型间抗性水平和稳定性存在明显差异。通过分析潜伏定殖率与植株生长发育的关系,发现不同花生品种受潜伏侵染影响的程度不同,鉴定出的几个产量水平高而且受潜伏侵染影响较小材料,可以作为进一步育种的抗源亲本。 相似文献
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Yaduru Shasidhar Murali T.Variath Manish K.Vishwakarma Surendra S.Manohar Sunil S.Gangurde Manda Sriswathi Hari Kishan Sudini Keshavji L.Dobariya Sandip K.Bera Thankappan Radhakrishnan Manish K.Pandey Pasupuleti Janila Rajeev K.Varshney 《作物学报(英文版)》2020,(1):1-15
Foliar fungal diseases(rust and late leaf spot)incur large yield losses,in addition to the deterioration of fodder quality in groundnut worldwide.High oleic acid has emerged as a key market trait in groundnut,as it increases the shelf life of the produce/products in addition to providing health benefits to consumers.Marker-assisted backcrossing(MABC)is the most successful approach to introgressing or pyramiding one or more traits using traitlinked markers.We used MABC to improve three popular Indian cultivars(GJG 9,GG 20,and GJGHPS 1)for foliar disease resistance(FDR)and high oleic acid content.A total of 22 BC3F4 and 30 BC2F4 introgression lines(ILs)for FDR and 46 BC3F4 and 41 BC2F4 ILs for high oleic acid were developed.Recurrent parent genome analysis using the 58 K Axiom_Arachis array identified several lines showing upto 94%of genome recovery among second and third backcross progenies.Phenotyping of these ILs revealed FDR scores comparable to the resistant parent,GPBD 4,and ILs with high(~80%)oleic acid in addition to high genome recovery.These ILs provide further opportunities for pyramiding FDR and high oleic acid in all three genetic backgrounds as well as for conducting multi-location yield trials for further evaluation and release for cultivation in target regions of India. 相似文献
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N. D. Sharma S. L. Mehta S. H. Patil B. O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1981,31(1):85-90
Variability in oil quality was observed in four groundnut mutants (TG-1, TG-3, TG-14, TG-16) induced by -irradiation. The fatty acid composition of the mutants differed from their parent Spanish Improved. All the mutants had lower linoleic and higher oleic acid than the parent Spanish Improved. TG-3 and TG-14 had substantially higher linoleic acid and lower oleic acid as compared with TG-1 and TG-16. Other fatty acids also showed minor variation amongst mutants and Spanish Improved. The ratio of oleic to linoleic acid, which is an index of oil stability, was 2.7 and 3.3 fold respectively in TG-16 and TG-1 as compared with Spanish Improved.Protein percent in TG-1, TG-14 and TG-16 was higher than in Spanish Improved. Amino acid analysis of protein from mutants indicated decreases in methionine and cystine and an increase in tryptophan as compared with Spanish Improved. Other amino acids did not show any major variation between the mutants and Spanish Improved. In all varieties except TG-16, lysine was the first limiting amino acid; threonine was second limiting in all mutants. The essential amino acid content per kernel was higher in mutants than in Spanish Improved. 相似文献
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Amara Evangeline Unigwe Enrico Doria Patrick Adebola Abe. S Gerrano Michael Pillay 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2018,32(2):208-224
Bambara groundnut is a leguminous crop that originated in West Africa. It is a drought-tolerant crop and has the potential to provide improved food and nutritional security in the dry areas of Africa. However, the plant contains anti-nutritional factors that affect its food value chain. The objective of this study was to assess the content of four major anti-nutritional factors in 30 bambara groundnut accessions in South Africa. The seeds of the bambara groundnut landraces were ground to make a fine powder and assessed for condensed tannins (CTs), phytic acid phosphate (PAP), polyphenol, and trypsin inhibitor content. Each assay was done in triplicate. The content of the four anti-nutritional compounds varied widely among the bambara groundnut accessions. The mean values for CTs ranged between 0.2 and 6.2 mg/g of prodephinidin equivalent, whereas that of the PAP was between 1.4 and 4.9 mg/g. A low mean polyphenol content of 0.4 mg/g of GA (gallic acid) equivalent was observed among the accessions. The level of trypsin inhibitor ranged from 5.3 to 73.4 TI/mg. With the exception of CTs and trypsin inhibitor, no significant correlation was observed among the four anti-nutritional factors assessed in this study. Generally, higher levels of anti-nutrients were observed in this study compared with certain studies reported earlier. 相似文献
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Three castrated male sheep fitted with rumen and duodenal re-entrant cannulae were used in a 3×3 Latin Square experiment to investigate the digestion of three diets of red clover silage with supplementary concentrates containing barley or barley and groundnut meal or barley and urea. The supplements were designed to be isocaloric and the groundnut meal and barley-urea mixtures to be isonitrogenous. There were no significant (P >0.05) differences between treatments in the digestibility of organic matter (mean value 71.2%) or in the percentage of dietary organic matter digested in the stomach (mean value 53.6%) and diiferences between treatments in the concentrations of total and individual short-chain fatty acids in the rumen were small. The nitrogen intake for the barley treatment was 19.41 g/d and that for the groundnut meal and barley-urea treatments were 23.36 g/d and 23.05 g/d respectively. Corresponding figures for the duodenal flows of nitrogen were 21.97 g/d, 21.48 g/d and 21.14 g/d and for the faecal losses of nitrogen were 7.09 g/d, 6.98 g/d and 6.92 g/d. As a consequence, although the diets supplied quite different amounts of digestible crude protein they supplied similar amounts of crude protein digested in the intestines. 相似文献
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大豆脂肪酸组分相关QTL元分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大豆油中脂肪酸的种类与含量是衡量其品质的主要指标.目前,对大豆脂肪酸组分相关的QTL研究较多,然而这些结果之间由于作图群体、分析方法以及环境条件的差异造成了QTL定位的区间过大或定位区间重叠等问题.通过搜集已报道的与大豆脂肪酸含量相关的83个QTL,提取相对有效且可靠的QTL标记信息,利用元分析软件BioMercator2.1将这些QTL映射到大豆公共遗传连锁图谱Soymap2上,构建了一张大豆脂肪酸组分相关QTL一致性图谱.并利用QTL的95%的置信区间来元分析推断"真实"QTL的位置.结果共得到定位在10个连锁群上的19个"真实"QTLs,他们主要分布在A1、B2、D1b、D2、E、G、L这7条连锁群上且成簇分布,明显缩短了其QTL的置信区间.研究结果为大豆脂肪酸组分相关的QTL的精细定位以及脂肪酸组分相关基因挖掘提供了有力的依据. 相似文献