牛至提取物替代饲用抗生素对肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫机能的影响     

刘晏榕  张丽元  郭永鹏  彭青云  马秋刚  张建云  计成  赵丽红 《饲料工业》2022,43(2):8-12

为探究牛至提取物替代饲用抗生素对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和免疫机能的影响,选用384只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。空白对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素对照组饲喂基础饲粮+20 mg/kg硫酸黏菌素+20 mg/kg维吉尼亚霉素,2个试验组分别饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg天然牛至提取物或200 mg/kg合成牛至提取物,试验期为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加天然或合成牛至提取物对肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫器官指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。与空白对照组相比,饲粮中添加天然或合成牛至提取物显著提高肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG、补体C3和补体C4含量(P<0.05);与饲粮中添加抗生素相比,饲料中添加合成牛至提取物显著提高血清IgM含量(P<0.05),饲料中添加天然牛至提取物显著提高血清补体C4含量(P<0.05);与空白对照组相比,饲粮中添加天然或合成牛至提取物显著提高21 d肉鸡T淋巴细胞转化率及42 d肉鸡T淋巴细胞转化率和B淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05)。综上可知,200 mg/kg牛至提取物替代饲用抗生素可...  相似文献   

三丁酸甘油酯和氧化苦参碱对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道健康的影响     

金慧琴  赵冬  杜旭彬  单衍可  刘斐 《畜牧与兽医》2022,(7):115-121

旨在研究三丁酸甘油酯和氧化苦参碱及其复合物对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清指标、抗氧化能力和肠道形态结构的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡公雏250只，随机分为5组，每组5个重复，每个重复10只。对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮，三丁酸甘油酯组(TBP)在基础饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg三丁酸甘油酯制剂，氧化苦参碱组(OMP)在基础饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg氧化苦参碱制剂，复合组(TBP+OMP)在基础饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg三丁酸甘油酯和氧化苦参碱复合制剂，抗生素组(CTC)在基础饲粮中添加50 mg/kg金霉素，试验期为21 d。结果显示：与对照组相比，三丁酸甘油酯和氧化苦参碱复合组肉仔鸡平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);与抗生素组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比，复合组显著升高血清HDL-C含量(P<0.05),降低TG含量(P<0.05)。与对照组和抗生素组相比，复合组提高血清和肠黏膜中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，降低丙二醛(MDA)的积累，对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性...  相似文献   

厚朴总酚对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响     

曹蓉  侯德兴  宋泽和  陈宇光  范志勇  贺喜 《动物营养学报》2019,31(12)

本试验旨在研究厚朴总酚对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响。试验选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡360只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮;抗生素组1～28日龄饲喂基础饲粮+20 mg/kg抗敌素和12 mg/kg黄霉素,29～56日龄饲喂基础饲粮+12 mg/kg黄霉素;厚朴总酚添加组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、150和250 mg/kg厚朴总酚的饲粮。试验期56 d。结果表明:1) 29～56日龄和1～56日龄,50 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡平均日采食量显著高于抗生素组(P0.05),黄羽肉鸡料重比随厚朴总酚添加水平的提高呈现二次变化(P0.05)。2) 56日龄时,50和150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌pH(45 min和24 h)与抗生素组相比显著提高(P0.05),且150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌肉色45 min红度值显著高于其他各组(P0.05),150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌滴水损失(24 h)和失水率显著低于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。3) 28日龄时,150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶活性与抗生素组差异不显著(P0.05),且血清SOD活性显著高于其他组(P0.05); 56日龄时,150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡肝脏丙二醛含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加厚朴总酚能提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能,改善肉品质,增强抗氧化功能,且以150 mg/kg的添加水平为佳。  相似文献   

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响北大核心CSCD     

郑爱娟  吴正可  PIRZADO Shoaib Ahmed  蔡辉益  陈志敏  常文环  邓雪娟  刘国华 《动物营养学报》2019,(12):5519-5525

本试验通过在基础饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌,研究其对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择1日龄180只健康爱拔益加肉鸡,随机分为3个组,分别为无抗对照组、抗生素组和丁酸梭菌组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。无抗对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加5 mg/kg黄霉素、75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg吉他霉素,丁酸梭菌组在基础饲粮中添加2.5×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加丁酸梭菌未显著影响肉鸡21日龄和42日龄体重、1~21日龄平均日增重和料重比(P>0.05);与无抗对照组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌极显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡平均日采食量(P<0.01)。2)与无抗对照组和抗生素组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著提高了42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。3)与无抗对照组或抗生素组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著提高了42日龄肉鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量(P<0.05);与无抗对照组相比,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌极显著降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清氨含量(P<0.01),显著降低了21日龄肉鸡血清尿酸含量(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌显著改变了肉鸡脂类代谢,提高了血清中蛋白质含量,降低了蛋白质代谢废物含量。  相似文献   

D-泛酸钙对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响北大核心CSCD     

吴潋池  葛超悦  吕雨杰  胡兆莹  罗鑫宇  刘兵  余东游 《动物营养学报》2023,(10):6361-6373

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平D-泛酸钙对1~70日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,以确定黄羽肉鸡饲粮中D-泛酸钙的适宜添加水平。试验选取960羽1日龄健康黄羽肉公鸡(梅黄1号),随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复20羽。6个组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、10、15、20、25和30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙。试验期70 d,分为前期(1~35日龄)和后期(36~70日龄)2个阶段。结果表明:1)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡1~35日龄平均日增重(ADG)、36~70日龄料重比(F/G)以及1~70日龄ADG和F/G均呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加20 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高1~70日龄ADG(P<0.05),饲粮中添加15~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低1~70日龄F/G(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡胸肌滴水损失呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加10~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低胸肌滴水损失(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡35和70日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15~25 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高血清T-AOC(P<0.05),饲粮中添加10~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低血清MDA含量(P<0.05)。4)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡35和70日龄血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15和20 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高血清IgG含量(P<0.05)。5)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡70日龄血清白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低血清IL-6和TNF-α含量(P<0.05)。6)以生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能为评价指标,通过二次曲线回归分析,1~35日龄和36~70日龄肉鸡饲粮中D-泛酸钙的适宜添加水平分别为19.73~25.21 mg/kg和14.97~23.40 mg/kg。综上所述,饲粮中添加D-泛酸钙可提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能,经综合评价,推荐黄羽肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮中D-泛酸钙的添加水平为14.97~25.21 mg/kg。  相似文献   

丁酸梭菌替代抗生素对肉鸡生长性能及血清生化指标的影响     

徐明霞 《饲料研究》2021,(2):54-57

为研究不同水平丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响,选择2 000只体重相近、健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复100只鸡。空白对照组肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素对照组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg金霉素,试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、400、600 g/t丁酸梭菌制剂。结果表明,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌极显著提高肉鸡平均日增重(P<0.01),600 g/t丁酸梭菌组与抗生素组差异显著(P<0.05);饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌400、600 g/t能极显著降低料重比(P<0.01),极显著提高肉鸡血清总蛋白和白蛋白水平(P<0.01),饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌100、400、600 g/t可极显著降低肉鸡血清氨含量(P<0.01)。研究表明,丁酸梭菌具有改善肉鸡生长性能、促进蛋白质、促进脂类沉积的作用,且以添加量为400 g/t较佳。  相似文献   

饲粮添加万寿菊提取物对肉鸡血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响     

王述浩  张林  李蛟龙  丛佳惠  高峰  周光宏 《动物营养学报》2016,(8):2476-2484

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加万寿菊提取物对肉鸡血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡192只,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.15%和0.60%的万寿菊提取物,即有效成分叶黄素含量分别为30和120 mg/kg,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加0.60%万寿菊提取物使肉鸡血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著降低(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高(P0.05);2)0.15%和0.60%万寿菊提取物添加组肉鸡21和42日龄血清总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高(P0.05);3)0.60%万寿菊提取物添加组肉鸡21日龄胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊指数显著升高(P0.05),饲粮添加万寿菊提取物使肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G和白细胞介素2水平显著升高(P0.05),万寿菊提取物未对肉鸡42日龄免疫器官指数造成显著影响(P0.05)。综上,肉鸡饲粮中添加万寿菊提取物可以提高肉鸡机体的抗氧化能力和免疫性能,且对机体脂代谢有调节作用。  相似文献   

复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响     

《现代畜牧兽医》2021,(2)

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响。选取1日龄科宝500肉鸡360只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只肉鸡,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和添加0.5%(Ⅰ组)、1.0%(Ⅱ组)和1.5%(Ⅲ组)复合益生菌制剂的饲粮,试验期42 d。结果表明:1～21日龄时,Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组肉鸡料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05);22～42日龄时,Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05)。试验组肉仔鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌数量显著减少(P0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉仔鸡盲肠中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P0.05)。21日龄,试验组血清IgA水平显著提高(P0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清IgG水平显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P0.05);42日龄时,试验组肉鸡血清IgA和IgG水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究表明,复合益生菌制剂可提高肉仔鸡的生长性能、增加盲肠有益菌群数量、改善免疫功能,复合益生菌添加量在1.0%时效果最好。  相似文献   

饲粮卵磷脂添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肝脏营养成分及肝脏和血清生化指标的影响     

曲浩杰  李新新  章明权  王鑫  白鹏  孔富丽  杨在宾 《动物营养学报》2020,(4):1666-1674

本试验旨在研究饲粮卵磷脂添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肝脏营养成分及肝脏和血清生化指标的影响。选取体重一致的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡500只,随机分成5个组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加500、1000、1500和2000 mg/kg卵磷脂。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21和42日龄肉鸡平均体重呈二次曲线升高(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,42日龄肉鸡半净膛率和全净膛率呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡腿肌率呈线性升高(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡新鲜样本基础和干物质基础上肝脏有机物含量呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),42日龄肉鸡新鲜样本基础和干物质基础上肝脏有机物和粗脂肪含量均呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡肝脏总胆固醇含量呈线性升高(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡肝脏甘油三酯含量呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.01)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加1000、1500和2000 mg/kg卵磷脂显著降低了21和42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),饲粮添加2000 mg/kg卵磷脂显著降低21和42日龄肉鸡血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡血清低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量呈线性降低(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯含量呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加卵磷脂能够提高肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能,调节肝脏和血清脂质代谢,降低血清尿素氮含量。以肉鸡平均体重为判断指标,推荐1~21日龄和22~42日龄肉鸡基础饲粮中卵磷脂添加水平分别为952和1246 mg/kg。  相似文献   

维生素A对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响     

郭晓宇  韩俊英  闫素梅  李胤豪  史彬林  赵艳丽 《动物营养学报》2019,31(8):3582-3589

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选用1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡240只(公母各占1/2),随机分为5个组(在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中分别添加3 000、6 000、15 000、30 000和45 000 IU/kg维生素A),每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对22~42日龄肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI均有显著影响(P<0.05),对22~42日龄肉鸡的料重比(F/G)的影响有显著的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),且22~42日龄和1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI以及1~42日龄肉鸡的F/G随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加均呈线性升高(P<0.05或0.05≤P<0.10),3 000 IU/kg组肉鸡增重效果较差,6 000和15 000 IU/kg组肉鸡增重高且F/G低,30 000和45 000 IU/kg组肉鸡ADFI较高、F/G不同程度升高。2)饲粮添加不同水平维生素A对21日龄血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和42日龄血清IL-1、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),对42日龄血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量的影响有显著的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),其中3 000、6 000和45 000 IU/kg组血清免疫因子含量较低,15 000 IU/kg组较高。3)饲粮添加不同水平维生素A对21日龄血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和42日龄血清GSH-Px、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有显著影响(P<0.05),且21日龄血清丙二醛(M DA)含量随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加呈线性升高趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),42日龄血清MDA含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加分别呈显著的一次线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),其中45 000 IU/kg组血清MDA含量较高且T-SOD活性较低。综上,本试验条件下添加6 000和15 000 IU/kg的维生素A可使肉鸡获得较好的生长性能,且15 000 IU/kg维生素A可满足肉鸡免疫和抗氧化需要,而添加水平增至30 000和45 000 IU/kg时肉鸡生长性能和免疫抗氧化机能均有降低趋势。  相似文献   

A meta-analysis of the genetic contribution to greenhouse gas emission in sheep     

Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2023,140(1):49-59

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Ovarian activity in F1 prepubertal ewe lambs under tropical conditions     

R.A. Alcaraz RomeroJ.A. Quintal Franco  D. Hernandez SánchezT. Sánchez Torres  E. Villagómez AmezcuaJ. Ramon Ugalde  J. Baeza RodríguezR. Bores Quintero  J.G. Cantón Castillo 《Livestock Science》2012,143(1):24-28

Seventy crossbred ewe lambs, born from Pelibuey (PB) dams mated with five sire breeds: White Dorper × PB (WD × PB), Black Head Dorper × PB (BHD × PB), Ile de France × PB (Ile × PB) Katahdin × PB (KT × PB) and Pelibuey (PB × PB), were used to determine age and weight to puberty, follicular populations during prepubertal development, ovulation rate at first ovulation and function of the first corpus luteum (FCL). Ewe lambs were maintained under grazing conditions and were supplemented with 300 g head^− 1 day^− 1 of a concentrate with 14% CP and 3.0 Mcal ME kg^− 1 of DM. From 145 days of age, monthly observations were performed by endoscopy to monitor follicular populations and luteal structures. Ovarian follicles were classified according to size into small (≥ 1 and < 3 mm), medium (≥ 3 and ≤ 4 mm) and large (> 4 mm). Additionally, weekly observations by ultrasonography were performed in four ewes per genotype to assess follicular populations. Luteal function from first ovulation was determined by circulating concentrations of progesterone. Ovulation rate was not affected by genotype (P > 0.05). All breed groups had the same pattern of follicular populations, where most of follicles were small, followed by medium and a small proportion of large follicles. Maximum diameter of follicles was similar for all genotypes during prepubertal development (P > 0.05), with an average range of 3.9 ± 0.20 to 4.4 ± 0.20 mm. The BHD × PB reached puberty at the youngest age of 240.9 ± 13.0 days, compared to all other genotypes (P < 0.05), 259.1 ± 11.7 for WD × PB, 279.3 ± 9.6 for KT × PB and 289.0 ± 15.3 days for PB × PB and 308.6 ± 11.9 days for Ile × PB ewe lambs. Ile × PB had greater weight to first ovulation (31.5 ± 1.19 kg) as compared to other breed groups (P < 0.01). The largest percentage of FCL was for KT × PB ewes (100%) (P < 0.05), followed by BHD × PB (88.9%), PB × PB (83.3), WD × PB (78.6%) and Ile × PB (77.8%). There were no differences in ovulation rate attributable to type of lambing from which ewe lambs came from (P > 0.05). BHD × PB ewe lambs reached puberty at an earlier age than other in this study. KT × PB ewe lambs had the highest percentage of FCL in their first ovulation. Breed of sire Ile de France increased weight to puberty and decreased FCL at first ovulation. In conclusion, the BHD × PB ewe showed puberty at an earlier age than other genotypes, while the KT × PB had the highest percentage of functional corpus luteum in their first ovulation. Ewe lambs coming from single lambings reach puberty at a heavier weight than those coming from multiple lambings. The ovulation rate in the first ovulation of ewe lambs is not affected by genotype and type of lambing.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jian-Bo Ren  Guang-Yong Zhao  Yuan-Xiao Li  Qing-Xiang Meng 《Livestock Science》2007,110(1-2):126-132

Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose ¹⁵N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W^0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x² + 2.12x − 5.14 (r² = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x² − 4.10x + 32.25 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10^− 3x² + 1.31x − 122.28 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism.  相似文献   

Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone in conscious dogs          下载免费PDF全文

B. H. B. Vieira  L. T. Nishimura  L. L. Carvalho  A. Auckburally  E. Mattos‐Junior 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(6):e65-e68

Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone were compared. Six beagles were randomly assigned to group MIV (methadone 0.5 mg/kg IV + NaCl 0.9% epidurally) or MEP (methadone 0.5 mg/kg epidurally + NaCl 0.9% IV). Cardiopulmonary, blood gas and sedation were assessed at time (T) 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min after drug administration. Compared to T0, heart rate decreased at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .001) and T15–T240 in MEP (p < .05); mean arterial pressure was reduced at T15–T60 in MEP (p < .01); respiratory rate was higher at T15 and T30 in both groups (p < .05); pH was lower at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .05); PaCO₂ was higher at T15–T60 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .01); sedation scores were higher at T15 and T30 in MIV and T15–T60 in MEP (p < .05). At T120 and T240, sedation score was higher in group MEP compared with group MIV (p < .01) In conclusion, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of identical methadone doses are similar when administered IV or epidurally to conscious healthy dogs.  相似文献   

Low‐density lipoproteins and milk serum proteins improve the quality of stallion sperm after vitrification in straws     

Cesar Consuegra  Francisco Crespo  Jesús Dorado  Maria Diaz‐Jimenez  Blasa Pereira  Manuel Hidalgo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z4):86-89

Lipids and proteins can be used for sperm vitrification to preserve the integrity of sperm membranes or to increase the viscosity of the medium. This study evaluated the effect of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and milk serum proteins (Pronexcell) for stallion sperm vitrification. Hippex extender (Barex Biochemical Products, The Netherlands), plus 1% of bovine serum albumin and 100 mM of trehalose, was used as control for sperm vitrification. In experiment 1, different concentrations of LDL (L1 = 0.25, L2 = 0.5, L3 = 1%) and in experiment 2 of Pronexcell (P1 = 1, P2 = 5, P3 = 10%) were added to control extender. Vitrification was performed in 0.25‐ml straws directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Total motility (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were analysed by CASA, and plasma membrane (IMS, %) and acrosome membrane integrity (AIS, %) were assessed under epifluorescence microscopy. Post‐warmed sperm parameters were compared between treatments by ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. In both experiments, the minimum concentration of LDL and Pronexcell obtained significantly higher values (p < 0.01) than the control extender for TM (L1 = 52.95 ± 4.4; P1 = 58.99 ± 4.6; C = 30.88 ± 3.0), PM (L1 = 36.79 ± 5.5; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 19.20 ± 2.4), IMS (L1 = 68.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 52.81 ± 2.6) and AIS (L1 = 45.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 26.00 ± 2.1). No differences in sperm parameters were found among different concentrations of LDL or Pronexcell. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25% LDL and 1% Pronexcell to the vitrification extender is recommended to improve the quality of stallion sperm after vitrification.  相似文献   

Etude de la persistance d'une activite du virus grippal H₁N₁ (swine) dans les elevages porcins en dehors des phases epidemiquesStudy of the persistence of activity of the H₁N₁ influenza virus in swine intensive units out of epidemical phases     

F. Madec  J. M. Gourreau  C. Kaiser  J. Le Dantec  P. Vannier  M. Aymard 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(3-4)

Une étude est mise en place dans un groupe de 16 élevages intensifs venant de connaitre une attaque grippale et pratiquant à la fois le naissage et l'engraissement dans la région de Bretagne (France). L'objet de cette étude est de mettre en évidence une activité du virus grippal au sein des élevages en dehors des vagues épidémiques. Dans chaque élevage, 2 lots de porcelets sont individuellement suivis depuis la phase d'allaitement jusqu'à l'abattage. Des contrôles sérologiques mensuels sont pratiqués en vue de suivre l'évolution des anticorps grippaux ainsi que ceux de la maladie d'Aujeszky. En outre des écouvillonnages nasaux et des prélèvements de poumons sont réalisés en vue de recherches virales. Ces travaux sont accompagnés par la collecte de renseignements épidémiologiques dans chacun des élevages. Les anticorps grippaux d'origine colostrale inhibant l'hémagglutination décroissent assez rapidement chez le porcelet. Par la suite une conversion sérologique est observée sur près de 10% des animaux suivis. Les animaux concernés appartiennent à 4 des 16 élevages. La séroconversion intervient généralement après 3 mois d'âge. Aucun isolement viral n'a pu être réalisé. Certaines conditions semblent associées à la persistance d'une activité virale comme la démographie déséquilibrée du troupeau de truies, la conduite en continu de la porcherie d'engraissement, la préexistence d'une pathologie respiratoire sévère. Une séroconversion Aujeszky est également observée dans 3 des 4 élevages concernés par l'activité du virus grippal.  相似文献   

Effect of storage duration on egg quality,embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens     

Monsuru Oladimeji Abioja  John Adesanya Abiona  Obafemi Foluso Akinjute  Henry T. Ojoawo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):715-724

Effect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB-ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB-ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB-ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days.  相似文献   

Effect of banding or burdizzo castration on plasma testosterone, acute-phase proteins, scrotal circumference, growth, and health of bulls     

W.Y. Pang  B. Earley  V. Gath  M.A. Crowe 《Livestock Science》2008,117(1):79-87

The objective was to assess the effect of banding or burdizzo castration performed on farms on plasma testosterone, acute-phase proteins, scrotal circumferences, growth, and well-being of bulls. 243 Continental bulls (12 months; 399.2 ± 5.72 kg) from three different farms were allocated at random, after stratification on weight within breed type, to one of three treatment groups: banding castration (BAND; n = 80), burdizzo castration (BURD; n = 83), or controls (CON; n = 80). The castration methods were conducted under local anaesthesia, and tetanus toxoid vaccine and antibiotic were also injected at castration. BAND and BURD castrates had lower (P < 0.001) plasma testosterone concentration than control bulls, with no difference between BAND and BURD castrates on 28 d post-castration. From days 0 to 14 post-castration, BAND (P = 0.0002) and BURD (P < 0.0001) castrates had lower average daily gain (ADG) than CON bulls, no difference (P = 0.46) was found between BAND and BURD castrates. From days 15 to 28, BAND castrates had lower ADG compared with BURD castrates (P = 0.03) and CON bulls (P = 0.01), while no difference (P = 0.76) was found between BURD and CON. From days 29 to 56, BAND (P = 0.01) and BURD (P = 0.002) castrates had lower ADG than CON bulls, no difference (P = 0.55) was found between BAND and BURD. From days 57 to 84, the ADG of BAND castrates was not different compared with BURD castrates (P = 0.12) and CON bulls (P = 0.38), while BURD had lower (P = 0.02) ADG compared with CON. The integrated ADG from day 0 to 112 of BAND (P = 0.0001) and BURD (P = 0.02) groups were lower compared with CON, while there was no difference (P = 0.09) between BAND and BURD castrates. On d 14 post-castration, BAND castrates had lower scrotal temperature than BURD (P < 0.0001) and CON (P < 0.0001), and BURD castrates had greater (P < 0.006) scrotal temperature than CON; BAND castrates had lower scrotal latitudinal and longitudinal circumferences than BURD castrates (P < 0.001) and CON bulls (P < 0.001), and BURD castrates had greater (P < 0.001) scrotal latitudinal and longitudinal circumferences than CON bulls. BAND (P < 0.0001) and BURD (P = 0.01) castrates had greater glucose concentration than CON bulls, and BAND castrates had greater (P = 0.04) glucose concentration than BURD. In conclusion, BAND or BURD castration significantly reduced plasma testosterone concentration; reduced average daily weight gain mainly during the first 2 weeks, which was not compensated during the subsequent 16 weeks; increased withdrawal of stored energy and increased plasma protein concentration. BURD showed an advantage over BAND in growth during days 15 to 28 following castration.  相似文献   

海南岛红毛丹种质资源DNA指纹图谱构建     

周兆禧  牛俊海  马蔚红  臧小平  葛宇  王甲水  林兴娥 《中国果业信息》2018,47(5)

分别利用筛选出的多态性高、谱带清晰的8条ISSR标记和18对SRAP标记对海南岛69份红毛丹种质资源进行PCR扩增,8条ISSR引物共检测到425个多态性条带,其中品种(系)特异条带47个,平均位点多态性信息含量(PIC)值为0.928,可鉴别的种质资源数25～67份；18对SRAP引物共检测到894个多态性条带,其中品种(系)特异条带69个,平均位点多态性信息含量(PIC)值为0.936,可区分的种质资源数为17～63份。综合各项指标利用ISSR16和ISSR5引物21个条带用于构建红毛丹种质DNA指纹图谱,该图谱可有效区分69份红毛丹种质资源。同时该DNA指纹图谱还可为下一步红毛丹种质资源鉴定、利用、品种权保护和分子育种等提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Definition and clinical evaluation of a recruiting airway pressure based on the specific lung elastance in anesthetized dogs     

Joaquin Araos  Luca Lacitignola  Claudia Acquafredda  Caterina DiBella  Marzia Stabile  Erica Guacci  Robin Gleed  Salvatore Grasso  Antonio Crovace  Francesco Staffieri 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(4):484-492

ObjectiveTo determine the specific lung elastance (SE_L) in anesthetized dogs and to evaluate the efficacy of a SE_L-based recruiting airway pressure (RP_aw) at improving global and regional lung aeration.Study designRetrospective and prospective clinical study.AnimalsA total of 28 adult dogs were included in the retrospective study and six adult dogs in the prospective study.MethodsRetrospective study: SE_L and SE_L-based RP_aw were determined using previously published data. In mechanically ventilated dogs undergoing thoracic computed tomography (CT), SE_L was calculated as ΔP_L/(V_T/EELV), where ΔP_L is the driving transpulmonary pressure, V_T is the tidal volume and EELV is the end-expiratory lung volume. The ratio of lung to respiratory system elastance (E_L/E_rs) was determined. SE_L and E_L/E_rs were used to calculate the SE_L-based RP_aw. Prospective study: dogs underwent thoracic CT at end-expiration and at end-inspiration using the SE_L-based RP_aw, and global and regional aeration was determined. For analysis of regional aeration, lungs were divided into cranial, intermediate and caudal regions. Regional compliance was also calculated. A p value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe SE_L and E_L/E_rs were 12.7 ± 3.1 cmH₂O and 0.54 ± 0.07, respectively. The SE_L-based RP_aw was 29.1 ± 7.6 cmH₂O. In the prospective study, the RP_aw was 28.2 ± 1.3 cmH₂O. During RP_aw, hyperinflation increased (p = 0.0003) whereas poorly aerated (p < 0.0001) and nonaerated (p = 0.01) tissue decreased. Normally aerated tissue did not change (p = 0.265). Regional compliance was higher in the intermediate (p = 0.0003) and caudal (p = 0.034) regions compared with the cranial region. Aeration did not differ between regions (p > 0.05).Conclusions and clinical relevanceAn SE_L-based RP_aw reduces poorly and nonaerated lung tissue in anesthetized dogs. In nonsurgical anesthetized dogs, an RP_aw near 30 cmH₂O is effective at improving lung aeration.  相似文献