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1.
基于高通量测序的南泥湾湿地土壤细菌多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究南泥湾湿地细菌群落类群结构,本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术,对土壤样品中细菌的16S rRNA基因进行测序分析。各样地共检测到细菌类群27门、106纲、163目、306科、534属,主要的优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),主要的优势菌纲为α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)。不同退化湿地土壤细菌的数量和种类各不相同。随着退化程度加深,土壤细菌群落多样性降低,南泥湾湿地土壤细菌菌种多样性在不同退化阶段的差异较大。通过典型对应分析发现,土壤p H值、有机质和全钾对南泥湾湿地土壤细菌分布影响较大。人为开垦活动会降低土壤微生物多样性,退耕还湿措施对湿地微生物群落结构有影响。 相似文献
2.
应用高通量测序技术对宁夏中卫地区不同连作年限硒砂瓜土壤细菌群落结构和多样性进行研究,旨在揭示不同连作年限对硒砂瓜土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:随着连作时间的增加,细菌多样性指数和丰富度指数逐渐增加。从5份不同连作年限硒砂瓜土壤样本中共获得39门、98纲和620属的细菌;优势门为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria);随着连作时间的增加,放线菌门、酸酐菌门丰度先增加后降低,变形菌门丰度逐渐降低,绿弯菌门丰度呈先降低后增加又降低现象;优势纲分别为放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、芽单胞菌纲(Gmmatimonadetes)、杆菌纲(Bacilli)、热原体纲(Themomicrobia)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria);优势目为norank_c_Acidobacteria、芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)、芽单胞菌目(Gemmatimonadales)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)。RDA分析表明,有机质、速效磷是硒砂瓜连作土壤细菌群落组成的主要影响因子。研究表明,引起硒砂瓜连作障碍发生主要因素不是由于土壤理化性质变化引起的,而是随着连作时间的增加,放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门等有益微生物丰度下降造成的。 相似文献
3.
采用六种药剂处理西葫芦种子后，测定西葫芦出苗率、茎粗、株高、叶片数、叶面积、冠根比等生长发育指标，并利用Illumina MiSeq测序技术分析西葫芦种子表面微生物群落。结果表明，药剂处理后西葫芦的各项生长发育指标均明显高于对照，其中70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂和3%中生菌素水剂处理种子后变化最为显著(P<0.05)。微生物群落中，共检测出13门38纲53目105科231属细菌，其中优势门为变形菌门Proteobacteria(78.7%),其次为厚壁菌门Firmicutes(19.0%)和拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(1.28%);共检测出3门17纲49目90科133属真菌，其中优势门为子囊菌门Ascomycota(83.55%),其次为担子菌门Basidiomycota(5.41%)和接合菌门Zygomycota(0.38%)。不同药剂处理种子表面微生物群落多样性及丰富度存在差异，与对照相比，2%春雷霉素水剂处理后种子表面细菌群落丰度和多样性最低，3%中生菌素水剂处理后种子表面真菌群落丰度和多样性最低。处理后Pectobacterium、Ralstonia、Gibellu... 相似文献
4.
利用Biolog微平板法和高通量测序技术，研究小麦玉米间作条件下，不同长期施肥处理土壤微生物对不同碳源的利用差异以及土壤微生物群落在门、属水平上的变化，探明长期施用绿肥对土壤微生物群落多样性及代谢功能的影响。结果表明：长期施用绿肥可显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量，降低土壤pH值，增强土壤微生物碳源代谢能力。不同施肥条件下，放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为土壤优势菌群，绿肥处理的放线菌门丰度最高(29.94%),农家肥处理最低(22.95%);秸秆还田处理的变形菌门丰度最高(22.32%),对照处理最低(18.85%);酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在各个处理中的相对丰富度较高，分别为13.39%～19.71%、10.85%～14.56%、3.54%～12.98%。长期施用绿肥有效提高了土壤放线菌门、厚壁菌门、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)以及假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)的丰度，降低了酸杆菌门的丰度，增加了土壤微生物种群数量。综... 相似文献
5.
种稻年限对盐渍化土壤理化性质和细菌群落多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解盐渍化土壤长期种稻引起土壤微生物和理化性质的变化特征,选取了种植水稻0、1、6、12、21 a的田块,用旱地(种植玉米)土壤作对照,利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术解析不同种稻年限土壤细菌群落结构的特征,并分析了土壤理化因子与细菌群落结构的关系。结果表明:变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门是所有样点土壤细菌群落的优势种类,其中,变形菌门占总量的36.39%～53.20%,γ-变形菌纲相对丰度在0 a种稻的土壤中显著高于其他样点(P0.05)。变形菌门相对丰度在种稻1 a的土壤中含量较高,达到45.26%;拟杆菌门的相对丰度在种稻12 a和21 a土壤中较高,分别为20.25%和20.44%;放线菌门相对丰度在0 a土壤中显著高于其他样点(P0.05),为17.90%。在属水平,布赫纳氏菌属是所有样点的优势属。α多样性指数结果显示:种稻12 a的土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度都显著低于其他样点,分别低于对照17.06%、85.73%、82.88%。土壤理化性质测定结果表明:全氮和硝态氮在旱地土壤中含量最高;微生物碳和电导率在种稻12 a的土壤中最低,低于对照101.89%、23.25%;有机碳在21 a种稻土壤中含量最高,高于对照29.03%;pH值在21 a种稻土壤中最低,低于对照组1.05%。Pearson相关性分析表明:微生物量碳和土壤电导率对细菌多样性指数的影响显著。冗余分析结果表明,土壤电导率值、微生物碳和硝态氮是影响盐渍化稻作土壤细菌群落结构的主要因子。研究表明,随着种稻年限的延长土壤细菌群落和理化性质发生显著变化,土壤生境呈明显的改善趋势。 相似文献
6.
以不同种植年限特殊药材根际土壤为材料,采用IlluminaNovaSeq高通量测序法和常规分析方法,分析了种植年限(0 a, 1 a, 4 a, 24 a)对根际土壤化学性质及微生物群落多样性的影响。结果表明：连续种植24 a后,土壤电导率、硝态氮含量显著高于其他种植年限。特殊药材连作对土壤细菌α-多样性指数均无显著影响,但土壤细菌丰富度和多样性减少;连续种植24 a真菌α-多样性指数中ACE指数、Chao1指数显著高于种植1 a,真菌丰富度和多样性增加。细菌群落Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)为优势菌门,Sphingomonas(鞘氨醇单胞菌属)、Xanthomonadaceae(黄单胞菌科)相对丰度随着种植年限增加呈明显上升趋势,未知菌属RB41、Lysobacter(溶杆菌属)相对丰度呈下降趋势。土壤真菌群落Mortierellomycota(被孢霉门)、Ascomycota(子囊菌门)、Basidiomycota(担子菌门)为优势菌门,Mortierella(被孢霉属)相对丰度随种植年限增... 相似文献
7.
采集胡麻-小麦轮作更替土壤,分别为第一年胡麻种植土壤(TC1)、第二年小麦轮作土壤(TR)和第三年胡麻种植土壤(TC2),利用高通量测序技术对不同土壤细菌群落进行测定,旨在揭示胡麻-小麦轮作更替对土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明,TC2根际土壤样本细菌OTU数目最多,为1778条,细菌群落丰度指数(Chao指数1700.02和Ace指数1689.03)最低,而细菌群落多样性指数中,shannon指数表现为TC1(6.51)TR(6.42)TC2(6.21),simpson指数表现为TC2(0.0088)TR(0.0049)TC1(0.0030),即随着更替年限而降低。3种不同土壤样本内共获得细菌33门,且优势菌门(相对丰度0.01)均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和绿湾菌门(Chloroflexi)等11个菌门,各优势菌门在各处理中所占的丰度存在差异。随着种植更替,变形菌门(TC1 31.65%, TR 24.52%, TC2 28.53%)和芽单胞菌门(TC1 8.04%, TR 5.41%, TC2 6.01%)丰度先降低再升高,酸杆菌门(TC1 19.36%, TR 26.13%, TC2 11.18%)和绿湾菌门(TC1 9.69%, TR 12.68%, TC2 10.53%)丰度先增加后降低,放线菌门(TC1 12.14%, TR 13.79%, TC2 22.82%)丰度逐渐增加。细菌群落β多样性分析显示,轮作使土壤细菌的群落结构与TC1保持较小差异,而后续胡麻种植使其发生较大变化。通过Tax4Fun法在更替土壤中检测到细胞新陈代谢、遗传信息加工和环境信息处理等基因功能。大部分功能基因在TR的丰度与TC1相近。这些结果说明,小麦轮作能降低土壤细菌多样性和细菌群落结构组成的改变程度,从而利于下茬胡麻的种植。 相似文献
8.
骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala L.)具有较强耐旱抗寒特性,在维护生态环境中发挥着重要作用。为了解其生态适应及与环境相互作用机制,采用高通量测序和纯培养方法研究了甘肃白银荒漠草原区骆驼蓬根际土壤细菌群落特征,并与周边土壤进行了对比。结果表明:骆驼蓬根际土壤主要优势细菌群为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)30.01%、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)23.98%、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)11.53%、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)10.19%。周边荒漠草原土壤主要优势细菌群为放线菌门55.05%、变形菌门21.11%、酸杆菌门6.07%。可培养细菌类群包括厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门、放线菌门,其中根际土壤分离的优势菌为短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)23.53%、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)23.53%、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)17.65%,周边土壤可培养细菌的优势种群为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)37.50%、芽孢杆菌属18.75%、假单胞菌属12.50%。骆驼蓬根际微生物群落组成和结构与周边土壤有显著差异,根际土壤微生物数量及多样性指数明显高于非根际土壤。研究结果对了解荒漠植物与根际微生物之间相互作用,揭示土壤微生物促进植物根际土壤物质循环转化作用,筛选促生长有益微生物,为加强荒漠草原生态保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
为明确高温覆膜对韭菜根际土壤微生物群落多样性和组成的影响。本研究在覆膜前后对韭菜根际土壤中总DNA进行提取，采用Illumina Hiseq 2500高通量测序技术对土壤中细菌的16S rDNA和真菌的ITS基因进行了序列测定，分析了高温覆膜前后韭菜根际土壤中微生物群落结构特征。结果表明，高温覆膜前后分别获得细菌OTUs 1849个和1819个，真菌OTUs 148个和151个，无显著差异。覆膜前后物种分类显示，细菌种类均隶属于24门53纲112目218科322属，其中优势类群为蛋白菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门，覆膜前后的相对丰度分别为43.79%、21.70%、21.03%和42.36%、17.55%、23.92%。真菌种类均隶属于4门10纲21目27科34属，优势类群为子囊菌门和担子菌门，覆膜前后的相对丰度分别为62.48%、15.28%和51.13%、40.95%。可见，土壤中细菌群落的多样性和丰富度均高于真菌，覆膜前后微生物总量无显著变化，细菌、真菌在多样性指数上无显著差异，而在结构组成上差异显著。 相似文献
10.
为了解土壤微生物在青藏高原的分布状况及环境依赖特点，对青藏高原5种不同类型的土壤微生物群落结构、组成及其与环境关系进行了研究。通过高通量测序技术研究青藏高原不同生境土壤细菌的组成和多样性，共获得1 463 157条16S rRNA基因序列。各样品中可操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic units, OTUs)在4 344~5 764 之间。土壤样品中细菌以变形菌门(35.5%)、放线菌门(20.4%)、酸杆菌门(12.5%)、拟杆菌门(7.3%)、绿弯菌门(6.1%)和厚壁菌门(5.3%)为主，其中变形菌门最为丰富。在变形菌门中，α-变形菌纲是第一大纲，占有45.9%的OTUs，其后是γ-变形菌纲和β-变形菌纲。Person相关性分析和RDA分析表明，土壤含水量、有机碳含量与钾含量对细菌群落分布起主要作用。 相似文献
11.
Desert lake, a unique oasis in desert ecosystems, harbours different bacterial communities. Thus, it is considered as a hub of bacterial diversity. In this study, bacterial diversity in the sediment of Crescent Moon Spring, Kumtag Desert, Northwest China was analyzed using high-throughput amplicon pyrosequencing analysis. The sequences of the most abundant OUTs(Operational Taxonomic Units) in the sediment of Crescent Moon Spring were compared with the sequences of those most abundant OUTs of various origins from NCBI Gen Bank database to detect the origins of bacteria in the sediment of Crescent Moon Spring. Also, bacterial compositions between sediment of Crescent Moon Spring and other desert and lake ecosystems(including desert lakes) worldwide were compared using cluster analysis to determine the possible factors affecting bacterial compositions. In total, 11,855 sequences were obtained and 30 phyla were identified. At the phylum level, the dominant phylum was Proteobacteria with α-Proteobacteria being the first dominant class and the second dominant phylum was Planctomycetes. Our finding that α-Proteobacteria being the first dominant class of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes being the second dominant phyla are somewhat contradictory with reports from other desert lake sediments. This difference could be resulted from water hydration and conductivity, as well as oligotrophic conditions of Crescent Moon Spring. At the genus level, Rhodobacter, Caldilinea, Planctomyces, and Porphyrobacter were the dominant genera in the sediment of Crescent Moon Spring. Comparisons on sequences of the most abundant OUTs(including OTU3615, OTU6535, and OTU6646) between sediment of Crescent Moon Spring and various origins from NCBI Gen Bank database indicate that the origins of bacteria in the sediment of Crescent Moon Spring are likely from the underground water. Furthermore, cluster analysis on comparisons of bacteria compositions between sediment of Crescent Moon Spring and other desert and lake ecosystems(including desert lakes) worldwide shows that at regional scales, bacterial compositions may be mainly affected by geographical patterns, precipitation amounts, and p H values. Collectively, our results provide new knowledge on the bacterial diversity in desert lake ecosystems. 相似文献
12.
为揭示盐碱环境下盐爪爪内生菌群落结构组成及其多样性，以新疆5个典型盐碱地区的盐爪爪为研究对象，采用高通量测序技术分别对其根部和地上部分样品的内生菌进行分析。结果表明：获得的366个细菌操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic units, OTUs)共涉及16个门，70个目，321个属；以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为主要菌门。获得的869个真菌OTUs共涉及14个门，86个目，291个属；以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、油壶菌门(Olpidiomycota)为主要菌门。其中，嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)和链格孢属(Alternaria)占绝对优势。不同地区和不同组织的内生细菌群落和内生真菌群落组成及群落丰富度差异显著。土壤中的钠离子(Na+)、氯离子(Cl-)和电导率(EC)与内生菌主要门的分布呈显著正相关关系，表明不同地区内生群落的构成差异主要与土壤盐碱化相关。研究初步揭示了新疆盐碱地区... 相似文献
13.
Soil bacterial communities have significant influence on soilborne plant pathogens and, thus, crop health. The present study focuses on ribotyping soil bacterial communities in different peanut-cropping sequences in Alabama. The objective was to identify changes in microbial assemblages in response to cropping sequences that can play a role in managing soilborne plant pathogens in peanut. Four peanut-cropping sequences were sampled at the Wiregrass Research Station, Headland, AL in 2006 and 2007, including continuous peanut, 4 years of bahiagrass followed by peanut, peanut-cotton, and peanut-corn-cotton. Soil sampling was done at early and mid-season and at harvest. Bacterial community structure was assessed using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) combined with 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing. RISA results indicated >70% dissimilarities among different cropping sequences. However, 90% similarities were noticed among replicated plots of the same cropping sequences. Cropping sequences and time of soil sampling had considerable effect on soil microbial community structure. Bahiagrass rotation with peanut was found to have the highest bacterial diversity, as indicated by a high Shannon Weaver Diversity index. Overall, higher bacterial diversity was observed with bahiagrass and corn rotations compared with continuous peanut. The bacterial divisions Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinomycetes were the predominant bacterial phyla found in all peanut-cropping sequences. The Proteobacteria taxa in these soils were negatively correlated with the abundance of members of division Firmicutes but, conversely, had a significant positive correlation with Gemmatimonadetes taxa. The prevalence of the division Actinomycetes was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of members of division Verrucomicrobia. These results indicate complex interactions among soil bacteria that are important contributors to crop health. 相似文献
14.
以松嫩盐碱草原3种不同盐碱程度的盐碱土为材料,应用高通量测序技术,研究了3种不同程度盐碱土壤的细菌群落结构。结果表明:3种盐碱土的理化性质差异显著(P0.05),pH值、碱化度随着盐碱化程度增加而增大,而碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量随着盐碱化程度增加而降低;3种盐碱土共获得2841个OTU,分属于39个细菌门,其中酸杆菌门、变形菌门等10个菌门是盐碱土中最主要的细菌门类;轻度盐碱土中酸杆菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为32.28%,中度盐碱土中变形菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为19.87%,重度盐碱土中放线菌门占主导地位,相对丰度为22.57%;RDA分析表明,酸杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、广古菌门、TM7等的相对丰度与碱解氮、有机质以及速效钾含量呈正相关,疣微菌门的相对丰度与有效磷含量呈正相关,放线菌门、浮霉菌门、拟杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门的相对丰度与pH值、碱化度呈正相关。 相似文献
15.
To date, much of research on revegetation has focused on soil microorganisms due to their contributions in the formation of soil and soil remediation process. However, little is known about the soil bacteria and their functions respond to the diverse vegetational types in the process of vegetation restoration. Effects of dominated vegetation, i.e., Artemisia halodendron Turcz Ex Bess, Caragana microphylla Lam., Hedysarum fruticosum Pall. and Pinus sylvestris L. on bacterial community structures and their potential functions in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land, China were determined using high-throughput 16 S r RNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states(PICRUSt) in 2015. Although the dominant phyla of soil bacterial community among different types of vegetation, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, were similar, the relative abundance of these dominant groups significantly differed, indicating that different types of vegetation might result in variations in the composition of soil bacterial community. In addition, functional genes of bacterial populations were similar among different types of vegetation, whereas its relative abundance was significantly differed. Most carbon fixation genes showed a high relative abundance in P. sylvestris, vs. recalcitrant carbon decomposition genes in A. halodendron, suggesting the variations in carbon cycling potential of different types of vegetation. Abundance of assimilatory nitrate reduction genes was the highest in P. sylvestris, vs. dissimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate reductase genes in A. halodendron, indicating higher nitrogen gasification loss and lower nitrogen utilization gene functions in A. halodendron. The structures and functional genes of soil bacterial community showed marked sensitivities to different plant species, presenting the potentials for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. 相似文献
16.
为绿色防控草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda,基于16S rDNA和ITS高通量测序分析,对分别取食玉米、小麦以及田间常见杂草婆婆纳Veronica polita的草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌和真菌进行物种注释、多样性分析、物种组成分析及功能预测。结果显示,细菌注释共获得20门30纲72目106科164属214种,真菌注释共获得9门23纲46目90科154属237种。厚壁菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门为取食玉米、小麦和婆婆纳的草地贪夜蛾肠道优势细菌门,子囊菌门和担子菌门为取食玉米、小麦和婆婆纳的草地贪夜蛾肠道优势真菌门。肠球菌属Enterococcus为取食玉米、小麦和婆婆纳的草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌共同的优势属,相对丰度分别为70.86%、25.42%和72.02%;丝孢酵母属Tricho-sporon 和帚枝霉属 Sarocladium 为取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾肠道真菌的优势属,相对丰度分别为57.28%和17.38%,酵母菌目未分类属、小囊菌属Microascus和丝孢酵母属Trichosporon为取食小麦的草地贪夜蛾肠道真菌优势属,相对丰度分别为29.31%、27.01%和15.45%,双足囊菌科未分类属为取食婆婆纳的草地贪夜蛾肠道真菌优势属,相对丰度为61.79%。取食小麦的草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌群落的多样性最高,取食婆婆纳的草地贪夜蛾肠道真菌群落的多样性最高,取食婆婆纳的草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌和真菌群落的丰富度最高。取食玉米、小麦和婆婆纳的草地贪夜蛾肠道细菌群落功能主要与代谢通路相关,取食玉米、小麦和婆婆纳的草地贪夜蛾肠道真菌群落功能主要与基础代谢或生理功能相关。 相似文献