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1.
为开发和利用秀丽槭叶中的黄酮资源,利用响应面分析法优化乙醇-超声法提取秀丽槭叶中总黄酮的工艺,并分析总黄酮清除DPPH自由基能力和总抗氧化能力。结果表明,在超声功率200 W条件下,秀丽槭叶总黄酮适宜的提取工艺条件为:提取温度55℃、乙醇浓度70%、液料比50∶1(v/w)、提取时间48 min,该条件下提取到的秀丽槭叶总黄酮含量为58.664 mg·g-1,秀丽槭叶总黄酮清除DPPH自由基的EC50为0.528 mg·L~(-1),清除率可达95.56%;秀丽槭叶总黄酮在相同条件下较L-抗坏血酸具有更强的总抗氧化力。本研究结果为今后秀丽槭叶黄酮资源的开发利用提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
2.
为考察辣木叶总黄酮的可利用性,利用响应面分析法对乙醇-超声法提取辣木叶总黄酮的工艺进行优化,并研究总黄酮的抗氧化能力。结果表明,辣木叶总黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%、料液比1∶51(w/v)、浸提时间88 min、浸提温度61℃,在此条件下,辣木叶总黄酮得率的预测值为5.17%,验证试验所得总黄酮得率为5.21%±0.03%,所得回归模型拟合良好。辣木叶总黄酮清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基以及DPPH自由基的IC50分别为0.0936、0.2962、0.017 mg·m L-1,表现出较强的抗氧化能力。本研究结果为辣木叶总黄酮的开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
3.
本研究从商陆根部提取分离出商陆多糖,并对该多糖含量进行测定及体外抗氧化活性研究。商陆根部经石油醚回流脱脂、热水抽提、脱色、乙醇沉淀等处理可从中提取出粗多糖。多糖经三氯乙酸脱蛋白纯化,再分别以考马斯亮蓝法和蒽酮-硫酸法测定其蛋白质含量和糖含量,并通过采用清除羟自由基和超氧自由基能力测定法、β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸法,以抗坏血酸（Vc）为对照,来分析粗多糖和纯多糖的体外抗氧化能力。采用水提法提取的粗多糖,含有10.69%的蛋白质和60.91%的多糖;纯化后的多糖糖含量达到91.04%。商陆粗多糖、纯多糖及Vc对羟自由基（·OH）清除率的IC50分别是1.26mg/mL、4.78mg/mL和0.224mg/mL;对超氧自由基（O2-·）清除率的IC50分别为1.91mg/mL、2.28mg/mL和0.123mg/mL;对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸体系的抑制作用的IC50分别为0.471mg/mL、0.692mg/mL和0.379mg/mL。实验结果表明商陆多糖是一种较好的抗氧化剂,可作为潜在天然抗氧化剂应用于食品和医药工业中。 相似文献
4.
为满足黑木耳营养功能食品开发需求并实现葛渣的综合利用,本试验对黑木耳固体发酵培养基原料进行筛选,并采用正交试验优化添加葛渣的固体发酵培养基,研究发酵菌质中总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,黑木耳固体发酵最优培养基为50 g玉米糁,添加4.5%葛渣及50 mL优化的液体发酵培养基。发酵菌质总黄酮含量为5.645 mg·g-1,菌质总黄酮还原力较弱,但对DPPH自由基清除率可达94%,当总黄酮浓度为600μg·mL-1时对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率最高,分别为97%和98%,表明菌质总黄酮具有较高的体外抗氧化活性。本研究结果为葛渣综合利用及黑木耳新食品的开发提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
黑莓原花青素超声波辅助提取优化及抗氧化性研究 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
论文采用响应曲面法研究了超声波辅助提取时温度、时间、料液比、超声波功率及其交互作用对黑莓原花青素提取效果的影响,同时研究了黑莓原花青素对二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)、·OH及·O2-的清除效果.用SAS软件确定了黑莓原花青素超声波提取的工艺参数为:提取温度为70.9℃,料液比为1∶9.14,时间为30.5 min,超声波功率为526.9 W.黑莓原花青素对DPPH、·O2-及·OH 3种自由基具有显著的清除效果,且明显优于茶多酚,当浓度为3.0 μg/mL时,对DPPH、·O2-及·OH 3种自由基的最大清除率分别可达到82.54%、79.90%和65.90%,且黑莓原花青素对3种自由基的清除效果与其浓度之间存在明显的量效关系. 相似文献
6.
为开发和利用苦菜中的黄酮资源,采用超声波辅助法提取苦菜总黄酮,通过响应面分析法对苦菜总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺条件进行优化,并对最佳提取条件下苦菜总黄酮提取液的抗氧化能力进行分析。结果表明,苦菜总黄酮超声泼辅助提取最优工艺参数为:乙醇浓度49%、浸提温度69℃、浸提时间162 min、料液比1∶62(m/v),此条件下苦菜黄酮得率为3.73%±0.03%。最优提取条件下,苦菜总黄酮提取液清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的IC50分别为0.005 9、0.153、0.024 8 mg·mL-1,表现出较强的抗氧化能力。本研究结果为苦菜黄酮的开发应用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
7.
费菜总黄酮碱法提取工艺及抗氧化活性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究费菜中总黄酮的碱法提取工艺及其抗氧化活性,该文以总黄酮得率为试验指标,考察了料液比、溶液pH值、提取温度及提取时间等因素对提取效果的影响,并通过正交试验优化了提取工艺参数。结果表明,碱法提取最适宜的工艺条件为：料液比1:10,溶液pH值9,提取温度100℃,提取时间6?h,在该条件下,总黄酮的得率为5.37%。所得的费菜总黄酮对DPPH、羟基自由基及超氧阴离子自由基具有较强的清除作用,半抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.013、0.109和0.996?mg/mL,表明费菜总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化活性。该试验结果为费菜的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
红松种子壳多酚物质的提取及抗氧化特性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
该文选取超声波辅助提取法,采用单因素试验及响应面设计,研究了超声波提取时间、温度、乙醇浓度及料液比对红松种子壳中多酚类化合物提取的影响。并利用Fenton体系、1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼(DPPH·)体系及邻苯三酚体系测定其提取成分的抗氧化活性。结果表明,松壳中多酚成分提取的最佳工艺条件为:超声提取时间2.80h、料液比1∶26.36(g/mL)、乙醇浓度42.86%、提取温度80℃,多酚得率7.96mg/g。在此优化条件下,红松种子壳提取物对羟自由基(甲基紫法)、DPPH·自由基及超氧阴离子均具有较强清除作用,半数抑制浓度分别为6.67×10-4、2.34×10-2、3.97mg/mL。 相似文献
9.
超声预处理大米蛋白制备抗氧化肽 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
为优化中性蛋白酶酶解大米蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺条件,采用超声波预处理大米蛋白.以1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)清除率为响应值,用响应面分析法研究超声功率、超声处理时间和超声处理初始温度对制备抗氧化肽工艺的影响.同时研究了其抗氧化肽清除超氧自由基、DPPH、羟自由基能力及螯合Fe2 和还原能力.结果表明:最佳超声预处理大米蛋白的工艺为:超声功率1500 W、超声处理时间20 min、超声处理初始温度40℃,该条件下的抗氧化肽(2.2057 g/L)清除DPPH可达到74.8%,抗氧化肽得率为33.2%.与未经超声预处理比较,抗氧化肽得率提高了43.7%,DPPH的半抑制率(IC50)降低了17.7%.抗氧化试验表明,大米蛋白抗氧化肽清除超氧自由基、DPPH和羟自由基的IC50值分别为0.0678、0.9315和0.1173 g/L,分别是维生素C的IC50值的1.8、175.8和1.4倍;其螯合Fe2 的IC50值是乙二胺四乙酸的42.2倍,还原能力是维生素C的0.7倍. 相似文献
10.
为了分离纯化银杏花粉中具有潜在抗氧化活性的黄酮组分及研究其潜在抗氧化活性,该文对银杏花粉的总黄酮进行提取和分步萃取,采用1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)自由基清除率检测和组分分析锁定待纯化萃取相。通过DPPH-HPLC-PAD技术筛选目标清除自由基组分,并采用制备型液相色谱技术分离纯化这些组分,然后采用紫外可见吸收光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱等技术进行结构鉴定,最后通过测定DPPH自由基清除率初步研究其潜在抗氧化活性。结果显示,银杏花粉粗提物具有清除DPPH自由基活性,对DPPH的半抑制率(IC50值)为1.32 mg/m L,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的IC50值为0.46、0.84 mg/m L,分别是粗提物的34.85%和63.64%。可见,乙酸乙酯相的清除DPPH活性最高。进一步研究显示,乙酸乙酯相富集了6种主要银杏花粉黄酮,而且均具有清除DPPH活性。经纯化和结构鉴定分别为山奈酚-3,4’-双-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4)、柚皮素(5)和山奈酚(6)。其清除DPPH自由基的活性由高到低依次为:化合物6化合物2化合物3化合物4化合物1化合物5。其中山奈酚清除DPPH的IC50值为0.017 mg/m L,与维生素C及芦丁相比没有显著性差异(P0.05)。上述研究为银杏花粉功能成分的深入研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献