共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
利用集成膜工艺澄清与浓缩紫甘蓝花青素 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为实现紫甘蓝花青素活性成分水提液的高效浓缩,该文集成了超滤、纳滤和反渗透膜技术澄清、浓缩紫甘蓝花青素水提液的工艺。采用"总循环模式"和"批处理模式"研究优化操作工艺。测定总花青素、pH值、总可溶性固形物和颜色指标。澄清工艺中:无机陶瓷超滤膜效果较好,较佳工艺为:陶瓷膜、跨膜压力0.3MPa、循环流量40L/min。浓缩工艺中:纳滤膜工作效率略高于反渗透膜,纳滤和反渗透较佳参数分别为跨膜压力1.0MP、循环流量25L/min,跨膜压力1.47MPa、循环流量10L/min。2种工艺均可得到品质优越的花青素浓缩产品。因此逐级膜过滤可利用于花青素的澄清和浓缩,为天然活性成分水提物的非热澄清及浓缩产业化生产提供参考。 相似文献
2.
柑桔汁陶瓷膜微滤澄清和污染阻力试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探讨柑桔汁微滤澄清技术及微滤膜污染阻力,建立膜清洗方法,研究以0.2 mm陶瓷膜微滤柑桔汁时膜通量变化及处理效果,结果表明：当温度30℃、压差0.16 MPa及膜面流速4 m/s时,全循环模式下稳定膜通量为22.4 L/(m2·h),浓缩模式下体积浓缩因子为12时,膜通量为10.6 L/(m2·h),澄清汁得率达91.67%;澄清汁浊度仅为0.62 NTU,澄清度高达99.93%,且各主要营养成分变化不大。通过建立膜污染阻力模型,考察操作参数对各分解阻力的影响,进而研究膜污染动力学后发现：压差对不可逆极化层阻力影响最为明显;增大膜面流速显著降低各极化层阻力,但对不可逆污染阻力作用不大;升高温度使得各阻力下降;膜污染可用拟二级速率方程描述。研究污染膜清洗过程,结果表明采用去离子水、1% NaOH和0.5% NaClO混合液、0.2% HNO3溶液依次清洗膜,膜通量可迅速恢复。 相似文献
3.
混菌发酵对美乐低醇桃红葡萄酒香气的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高美乐低醇桃红葡萄酒中挥发性香气化合物的含量,选用2株非酿酒酵母Mstschnikowia pulcherrima和Pure Torulaspora delbrueckii分别与酿酒酵母混菌发酵,采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定不同发酵阶段葡萄酒样的香气化合物。结果表明,与PL-Sc相比,Met-Sc组中挥发性香气化合物的含量较高,尤其是酯类、高级醇和萜烯类。通过微酿试验验证了混菌发酵后Met-Sc组的香气品质,此外该组酒样的花香、果香和香气浓郁度评分明显高于对照组,且具有强烈花香、果香的同时其酒体香气复杂性和层次感有所增强。综合分析,Mstschnikowia pulcherrima-S.cerevisia(ES488)混菌发酵可明显提高了美乐低醇桃红葡萄酒香气品质,这为生产高品质低醇葡萄酒提供了技术支持。 相似文献
4.
基于DFI-RSE电子鼻传感器阵列优化的葡萄酒SO2检测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
酿造过程中SO2的监控是葡萄酒产业信息化和葡萄酒品质保障的关键。针对传统SO2测定方法操作复杂、耗费时间长等问题,该研究提出基于电子鼻技术建立葡萄酒中SO2检测方法。为提高电子鼻检测性能,提出一种基于动态特征重要度-递归传感器消除（Dynamic Feature Importance-Recursive Sensor Elimination,DFI-RSE）的气体传感器阵列优化算法。将最大信息系数（Maximum Information Coefficient,MIC）作为度量变量间关系的标准,定义DFI选择兼顾高有效性与低冗余性的特征构成特征子集。进一步计算特征子集中的传感器重要度,结合RSE移除重要度较低的传感器,获得最优阵列组合。采用偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR）、多层感知器（Multi-Layer Perceptron,MLP）、支持向量回归（Support Vector Regression,SVR）和贝叶斯岭回归（Bayesian Ridge Regression,BRR）对DFI-RSE优化前后阵列的检测能力进行比较。结果表明,针对间隔40 mg/L、0～200 mg/L范围内不同SO2添加量的葡萄酒样品,优化后阵列的传感器数量由原来的16个降低为8个,特征数量减少了59%,4种回归模型的决定系数均高于0.98,其中MLP模型检测效果最佳,均方根误差为7.73 mg/L,优于原始阵列且节省了运行时间。所建立的基于电子鼻的葡萄酒SO2添加量检测和相应的阵列构建与优化方法为葡萄酒酿造过程中SO2的有效监控技术研究提供参考。 相似文献
5.
大田滴灌自清洗网式过滤器水头损失试验 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
自清洗网式过滤器是目前国内外大田滴灌应用最广泛过滤器之一,其水头损失是评价过滤器性能的关键参数。该文通过对自清洗网式过滤器清水和浑水水头损失的试验研究,重点分析了80和120目滤网对应的清水和浑水水头损失变化规律。在清水试验中,得出了2种滤网目数对应过滤流量与水头损失变化关系式;在浑水试验中,分别研究了流量一定(220m3/h)和含沙量一定(0.190g/L)条件下水头损失随过滤时间变化规律,重点研究了这2种条件下浑水水头损失的计算方法,并对2种情况下水头损失进行了计算,对各种组合条件下浑水水头损失计算公式进行了拟合,分别得到流量一定条件下10种不同含沙量和含沙量一定条件下5种不同流量的水头损失计算公式。结果表明:各公式拟合精度较高,决定系数均大于0.95,可以用于浑水水头损失计算,研究结果可为实际工程中自清洗网式过滤器水头损失的计算提供参考。 相似文献
6.
微咸水加肥灌溉下陶瓷灌水器与迷宫流道灌水器的抗堵塞性能 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探求微孔陶瓷灌水器与迷宫流道灌水器在不同水质灌溉条件下抗堵塞性能的差异及堵塞机理,本研究选择了微咸水(A1)、肥水(A2)、微咸水加肥(A3)3种不同水质,分析管间式微孔陶瓷灌水器和6种常用的迷宫流道灌水器在不同水质灌溉条件下的平均相对流量变化规律,并用X射线衍射仪测定堵塞物质组成成分,用场发射扫描电镜观测堵塞物质表面微观形貌及动态生长过程。结果表明：各灌水器的流量随着灌溉运行时间的推移均发生不同程度的下降,其中A1处理下陶瓷灌水器的流量下降最慢,表现出优于迷宫流道灌水器的抗堵塞性能,A2、A3处理下陶瓷灌水器的平均相对流量下降速度先慢后快,试验结束时平均相对流量降幅最大,抗堵塞性能较差;A1处理下堵塞物质的主要成分是CaCO3,A2、A3处理下堵塞物质的主要成分是(NH4)2SO4;A1处理下各灌水器堵塞物表面微观形貌的生长过程为晶体颗粒不断团聚,A2、A3处理下堵塞物的动态生长过程为絮状物不断黏合成板块状或膜状。陶瓷灌水器堵塞发生在内壁上,堵塞物未进入到灌水器内部微孔中,随着堵塞物质增多且变得紧密复杂逐渐覆盖了内壁上的孔隙导致堵塞;迷宫流道灌水器是由于堵塞物质在流道内沉积导致过水断面减小,从而造成堵塞。研究结果可为陶瓷灌水器的应用及改进提供参考。 相似文献
7.
硅藻土微孔陶瓷灌水器制备工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
为解决现有微孔陶瓷灌水器制备成本较高、产品性能低下,不利于大面积推广和应用的问题,该文以黏土、硅藻土和硫酸钙为主要原料,探索一种微孔陶瓷灌水器的低成本制备工艺。分析了硅藻土掺量和烧结温度2个因素对微孔陶瓷线收缩率、开口孔隙率、维式硬度、渗透系数和微孔陶瓷灌水器流量的影响规律。以线收缩率、维氏硬度、开口孔隙率、渗透系数和流量为指标,优选出微孔陶瓷灌水器的最佳制备工艺。结果表明:硅藻土掺量增加,或烧结温度降低,会使得微孔陶瓷的线收缩率和维氏硬度降低,开口孔隙率和渗透系数增大,进而使得微孔陶瓷灌水器的流量增大。综合比较,1 075℃烧结的硅藻土掺量质量分数为15%的微孔陶瓷灌水器,线收缩率为4.9%、开口孔隙率为26.3%、维氏硬度为448 MPa,在10 k Pa的工作压力下流量为1.64 L/h,兼备良好的力学性能和水力性能,是制备微孔陶瓷灌水器的最佳工艺。该研究为微孔陶瓷灌水器的制备和性能优化提供了参考。 相似文献
8.
通过盆栽人工模拟熏气实验,设置不同浓度(2.86和5.72 mg/m3)SO2胁迫处理,以相对清洁区(CK)红花羊蹄甲、尖叶杜英、芒果、糖胶树、秋枫和樟树光合参数因子为对照,研究不同浓度SO2胁迫处理对6种园林植物光合生理特性的影响。结果表明:1)6种园林植物幼苗最大净光合速率随着SO2浓度的增加呈下降趋势,与CK相比,LSO2和HSO2处理下红花羊蹄甲、尖叶杜英、芒果、糖胶树、秋枫和樟树最大净光合速率分别下降了20.96%和38.35%、45.32%和52.17%、69.21%和71.19%、58.30%和61.88%、43.90%和56.10%、25.26%和40.34%;2)相对清洁区(CK),红花羊蹄甲、芒果、糖胶树、秋枫和樟树光饱和点介于748～1 016μmol/(m2.s)之间,光补偿点介于4.0～9.3μmol/(m2.s)之间,表现出较强的喜光和耐阴特性,在不同SO2浓度处理下,6种园林植物光饱和点与CK相比有不同程度的降低,下降幅度最大为芒果、糖胶树和秋枫,降幅最小的为樟树;3)不同SO2浓度对6种园林植物光补偿点的影响不明显,经过SO2污染胁迫后6种植物光适应范围变窄,适应性变差;4)红花羊蹄甲和樟树保持了较高的净光合速率和水分利用效率,对SO2胁迫适应能力较强。研究结果可为火电厂、陶瓷厂、钢铁厂、石化厂等重度酸污染地区植物选择提供参考。 相似文献
9.
冷冻面团加工技术作为一种面食生产新工艺,是目前较先进的面制品保鲜技术。冷冻处理会对酵母活力、面团品质、面团面筋结构等产生不良影响。为了提高冷冻面团品质,明确不同食品改良剂对后发酵冷冻面团馒头品质的影响,该研究优化了复配增稠剂(卡拉胶、瓜尔豆胶、海藻酸钠)、复配乳化剂(双乙酰酒石酸单双甘油酯、羧甲基纤维素)、复配酶制剂(谷氨酰胺转氨酶、葡萄糖氧化酶)和海藻糖对后发酵冷冻面团馒头品质的作用,通过单因素和响应面试验设计,考察了不同复合改良剂对冷冻面团馒头比容、质构和感官品质的影响。研究表明:海藻糖、酶制剂对冷冻面团馒头比容的影响极其显著(p0.01)。在添加量为0.4%乳化剂、0.8%增稠剂、45 mg/kg酶制剂、2%海藻糖的复配工艺下,冷冻面团馒头的比容达到最佳水3.15 mL/g,其硬度和弹性也达到较优值,分别为926.832 g、0.912 8。同时对未添加和添加复合改良剂冻藏0～2.5个月的冷冻面团进行扫描电镜观察,发现未添加复配改良剂的冷冻面团中大多数小淀粉颗粒裸露在外,颗粒分明,内部组织结构不均匀,而添加复合改良剂的冷冻面团淀粉颗粒镶嵌在面筋网络之间,蛋白网络结构清晰完整,冷冻面团内部组织结构均匀紧密,面团的抗冻性较强。 相似文献
10.
OPS法玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞和囊胚 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13
本文报道了利用拉细开口型细管 (Open Pulled Straw,OPS)方法进行玻璃化冷冻保存体外成熟(IVM)的牛卵母细胞及体外生产 (IVP)的牛囊胚的实验结果。实验 1的牛卵母细胞冷冻处理分 2组 ,组 1(G1 )是将卵母细胞在 IVM2 1 h时去除部分卵丘细胞后马上进行冷冻处理。组 2 (G2 )卵母细胞在 IVM6h时去除部分卵丘细胞 ,然后继续培养至 2 2 h冷冻 ;冷冻后的卵母细胞在液氮中保存 0 .5～ 2 h后解冻再继续 IVM1 h后与正常 IVM2 4h的对照组卵母细胞一起进行体外受精 (IVF)处理。实验 2则冷冻了来自IVP的 6、 7日龄的牛囊胚。结果显示 ,G1的卵母细胞 IVF后 8d的囊胚率 (2 2 .8% ,2 6/1 1 4)和孵化囊胚率 (1 4.9% ,1 7/1 1 4)都极显著地高于 G2 (分别为 2 .9% ,5 /1 71和 0 .5 % ,1 /1 71 ,P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;但两处理组的受精卵裂率差别不大 (分别为 48.2 %和 41 .5 % ,P>0 .3 )。冷冻第 6d和第 7d的体外囊胚 ,其冻后存活率和囊胚孵化率分别为 92 .7%、 89.2 %和 83 .6%、 66.7%。结果表明 ,利用 OPS法玻璃化冷冻经体外培养成熟的牛卵母细胞及体外生产的牛囊胚均能获得良好的效果 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. 相似文献