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1.
为了评价牛乳清蛋白(WPI)加压凝胶的消化性,使用未加压WPI及加压(200～600MPa)WPI凝胶进行了体外模拟胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶消化率的测定,并用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺(SDS-PAGE)电泳的方法分析了不同压力对WPI构成蛋白消化性的影响。结果表明,经过胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的消化后,加压WPI凝胶消化率显著高于未加压WPI,分别为72.59%和61.02%;400MPa以上加压处理后,加压WPI凝胶消化率未见有明显的变化(p<0.05)。尽管未加压WPI中β-乳球蛋白不易被胃蛋白酶消化,400MPa加压WPI凝胶中的β-乳球蛋白则能被胃蛋白酶部分消化,而600MPa加压后β-乳球蛋白几乎被完全消化。此外,在胃蛋白酶消化阶段,有3500～6500u范围的多肽产物生成。 相似文献
2.
对Bt抗性和敏感亚洲玉米螟解毒酶和中肠蛋白酶的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
比较了人工汰选的对Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白产生抗性的亚洲玉米螟(Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée))种群和敏感种群幼虫解毒酶和中肠蛋白酶的变化。结果表明:抗、感种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶、中肠总蛋白酶、弱碱性类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶的活力差异不显著,而抗性种群的α-乙酰萘酯酶和类胰蛋白酶显著高于敏感种群。对类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶和类弹性蛋白酶的活力杂交分析结果表明,抗性种群的类胰蛋白酶酶谱强于敏感种群,但抗、感种群中肠液在体外对Cry1Ab原毒素的酶解过程并不存在差异。推断强碱性类胰蛋白酶可能与亚洲玉米螟对Bt抗性产生机理有关。 相似文献
3.
酶解膜分离两步分离乳清中β-乳球蛋白的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究乳清中β-乳球蛋白环保、温和、高效的分离工艺,该文对采用蛋白酶选择性水解然后超滤分离乳清水解液中的β-乳球蛋白进行研究.试验对乳清水解物进行十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析,比较了胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶的选择性,并分别采用分子截留量10000的聚砜膜(PS-10)和聚醚膜(PES-10)对胃蛋白酶解液进行超滤处理.结果显示,β-乳球蛋白对胃蛋白酶耐受性较好,α-乳白蛋白对木瓜蛋白酶抗性较佳,但二者均对中性蛋白酶较敏感.较优的水解分离条件如下:乳清蛋白质量浓度8%,胃蛋白酶添加量为乳蛋白质量的0.3%,pH值2.1,温度37℃,水解2h,α-乳白蛋白近似完全水解而β-乳球蛋白几乎不被降解.水解液用PS-10膜超滤分离,β-乳球蛋白的纯度和产率达到了较高,分别为94.6%,75.6%.因此,采用选择性酶解处理乳清然后超滤分离β-乳球蛋白是可行的. 相似文献
4.
5.
为研究乳清中β-乳球蛋白环保、温和、高效的分离工艺,该文对采用蛋白酶选择性水解然后超滤分离乳清水解液中的β-乳球蛋白进行研究。试验对乳清水解物进行十二烷基硫酸钠－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）分析,比较了胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶的选择性,并分别采用分子截留量10000的聚砜膜(PS-10)和聚醚膜(PES-10)对胃蛋白酶解液进行超滤处理。结果显示,β-乳球蛋白对胃蛋白酶耐受性较好,α-乳白蛋白对木瓜蛋白酶抗性较佳,但二者均对中性蛋白酶较敏感。较优的水解分离条件如下：乳清蛋白质量浓度8%, 胃蛋白酶添加量为乳蛋白质量的0.3%,pH值2.1,温度37℃,水解2 h,α-乳白蛋白近似完全水解而β-乳球蛋白几乎不被降解。水解液用PS-10膜超滤分离,β-乳球蛋白的纯度和产率达到了较高,分别为94.6%,75.6%。因此,采用选择性酶解处理乳清然后超滤分离β-乳球蛋白是可行的。 相似文献
6.
为了提高肌原纤维蛋白的功能,采用不同酶(胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及复合酶)对鲢鱼肌原纤维蛋白进行限制性酶解改性,在酶解过程中,通过对水解度、蛋白分子量大小、肌原纤维形态学变化及功能性质进行测定与观察,探究其功能性质随改性程度的动态变化规律。结果表明,随着酶解的进行,鲢鱼肌原纤维长度逐渐变短,蛋白的溶解性逐渐增加,酶解80 min时,肌原纤维主要以1~3个肌节形式存在,3组蛋白质的溶解性分别达到61.2%、36.9%和58.4%;3组酶解蛋白的乳化性和起泡性随反应时间的增加均呈先增后减的趋势,其中复合蛋白酶酶解40 min时乳化活性及起泡性最大,分别达到65.5m2·g-1和110%,胰蛋白酶改性20min时蛋白乳化稳定性最好,可达46.6 min,远大于未酶解蛋白的14.7 min。分子量分布及SDS-PAGE图谱显示,蛋白平均分子量均为20~30 k Da,水解度均低于5%。综上,酶的选择对溶解性的改善至关重要,而乳化性及起泡性的改善不仅需要对酶进行筛选,还需对水解度进行严格限制,保持酶解后蛋白具有较大的分子量,避免酶解过度。本研究结果为蛋白质乳化性和起泡性的改性研究提供了参考。 相似文献
7.
体外消化过程中低分子量寡肽释放量与饲料品质的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用胃蛋白酶．胰蛋白酶,模拟鸡胃肠道消化环境,对4种饲料(鱼粉、豆粕、棉粕和菜粕)进行体外消化,研究体外消化过程中不同饲料的寡肽释放特点与其氨基酸组成的关系。4种饲料的体外酶水解产物分别经过截留分子量为3kD和1kD的中空纤维超滤组件处理,制备8种低分子量组分。测定各组分中总氨基酸(TAA)和游离氨基酸(FAA)含量,RP-HPLC法分析各组分中典型寡肽。结果表明,低分子量组分中寡肽含量(PAA/TAA)与饲料必需氨基酸(TEAA)含量之间存在显著正相关,TEAA含量高的优质饲料蛋白在体外消化过程中产生较多寡肽。 相似文献
8.
大豆蛋白限制性酶解模式与产品胶凝性的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了改善大豆蛋白的胶凝性,对大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白进行限制性酶解处理,并考察相应产品的蛋白酶酶解模式与胶凝性变化的相关性。该研究以蛋白质的水解度为指标,通过中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的酶解作用,水解大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白至蛋白质水解度(DH)为1%、2%,考察酶性质、蛋白质的DH对产品胶凝性影响,并利用SDS-凝胶电泳进行确认。结果表明:大豆浓缩蛋白经中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的酶解后,产品胶凝性均显著下降;大豆分离蛋白经中性蛋白酶的酶解后,产品胶凝性在DH为1%时增加,但在DH为2%时下降;大豆分离蛋白经胰蛋白酶酶解后,胶凝性显著改善。SDS-凝胶电泳确认,蛋白质的酶水解模式和水解度不同是导致产品胶凝性产生不同变化的原因。 相似文献
9.
多肽抗生素apidaecin和Shiva-I在烟草胞外液中的稳定性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究利用电泳分析法和活性分析法测定了多肽抗生素apidaecin和Shiva-I在烟草胞外液中的稳定性.apidaecin的活性半衰期为1.6h;Shiva-I的活性半衰期为8.0h.apidaecin的C-末端酰胺化后稳定性增加l倍,而酰胺化对Shiva-I的稳定性影响不大.利用MALDI-TOF质谱分析了两种多肽抗生素在烟草胞外液中的降解位点,apidaecin有两个蛋白酶降解位点,而Shiva-I有5个.利用蛋白酶抑制剂法测定了烟草胞外液中降解两种多肽抗生素的蛋白酶种类.apidaecin主要被丝氨酸蛋白酶和金属蛋白酶降解;5hiva-I可被丝氨酸蛋白酶、金属蛋白酶、巯基蛋白酶和精氨酸蛋白酶降解. 相似文献
10.
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) DS45-2菌株产生的抗菌蛋白对棉花黄萎病有较强的抗性。用NB培养基摇床振荡培养DS45-2菌株(30℃,180r/min,48h),发酵液经硫酸铵盐析得到抗菌蛋白。经分析,抗菌蛋白对热稳定;对胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶均不敏感,对蛋白酶K部分敏感;在碱性条件下稳定,酸性条件下抑菌活性减弱。抗菌蛋白经DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析和反相层析后,分离纯化出一个抗菌蛋白0组分,经SDS-PAGE检测分子.质量约为23 kDa。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献