共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
为探讨岩藻黄质对人红白血病HEL细胞株增殖抑制作用及其诱导凋亡机制,以岩藻黄质处理人红白血病细胞(HEL细胞),采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,分析细胞周期,测定细胞线粒体膜电位,并应用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和Western blot法检测凋亡相关基因及蛋白表达的变化。结果表明,岩藻黄质呈剂量依赖性抑制HEL细胞增殖(P<0.01)。流式细胞术检测显示,岩藻黄质作用24 h后,HEL细胞早期和晚期凋亡的比率极显著增高(P<0.01),G0/G1细胞比例增多,S期和G2/M期细胞比例减少,线粒体膜电位降低;岩藻黄质通过上调促凋亡基因和下调抑凋亡基因的表达引起细胞的凋亡,Bcl-xL蛋白的表达变化不显著(P >0.05),Bcl-2蛋白的表达下调,Caspase-3和Bax蛋白的表达极显著上调(P<0.01)。由此可见,岩藻黄质能诱导HEL细胞凋亡,这为新型抗白血病功能食品的开发及白血病的治疗提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
为研究槲皮素对α-玉米赤霉烯醇（α-ZOL）诱导细胞损伤的保护作用,通过研究活性氧水平、线粒体膜电位、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）含量等变化情况,分析槲皮素对α-ZOL诱导的细胞氧化损伤和线粒体损伤的影响;通过荧光染色和流式细胞术检测研究细胞凋亡情况,并利用蛋白免疫印迹法检测目的蛋白核转录因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、半胱天冬酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达。结果表明,模型组人结肠腺癌细胞Caco-2细胞氧化损伤程度随α-ZOL浓度的递增而加剧;与模型组相比,槲皮素可通过降低细胞内活性氧、MDA含量和提高抗氧化酶活力来减少α-ZOL对Caco-2细胞的氧化损伤,并通过提高ATP含量和线粒体膜电位来改善线粒体功能。此外,槲皮素还会上调Nrf2和Bcl-2的表达、下调Caspase-3的表达,从而减少由α-ZOL引起的细胞凋亡。本研究结果对预防和控制α-ZOL的毒性具有积极意义。 相似文献
3.
在结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)与宿主巨噬细胞的相互作用中,巨噬细胞的凋亡对抵御及杀灭MTB起着重要的作用。为了探讨MTB的BCG和H37Ra两个弱毒株对巨噬细胞凋亡的影响及其相关机制,本研究比较了体外培养的BCG和H37Ra两种菌株感染小鼠(Mus musculus)巨噬细胞后对细胞凋亡的影响,并检测了肿瘤坏死因子-alpha(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、凋亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)和B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)的表达情况。结果发现,与对照组相比,BCG和H37Ra感染后显著提高了巨噬细胞的凋亡率(P<0.05),TNF-α和Caspase-3的表达及活性也显著增加(P<0.01或P<0.05),同时极显著抑制了Bcl-2的表达(P<0.01)。但BCG感染组细胞凋亡率极显著高于H37Ra组(P<0.01),BCG感染组Caspase-3的表达和活性极显著高于H37Ra组(P<0.01),而Bcl-2和TNF-α的表达在BCG和H37Ra感染组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,BCG和H37Ra两个弱毒株感染后对巨噬细胞凋亡的影响不同,可能与Caspase-3的表达相关,而与Bcl-2和TNF-α的表达无关。本研究为深入研究MTB毒力与巨噬细胞凋亡的相互作用机制提供了基础资料。 相似文献
4.
研究Caspase家族与Bcl-2家族参与调控苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)Bt9875杀虫晶体蛋白对人急性髓细胞性白血病细胞HL-60的影响.本实验采用MTT法检测了杀虫晶体蛋白诱导HL-60细胞凋亡后的Caspase家族的活性和Caspase凋亡酶抑制剂对杀虫晶体蛋白诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的影响;采用Western blot检测了杀虫晶体蛋白诱导多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶(PARP)降解、Bcl-2/Bax调控和细胞色素C的释放.研究结果表明,杀虫晶体蛋白作用HL-60细胞后,激活了Caspase-3、Caspase-8和Caspase-9,在48 h内Caspase家族抑制剂(Z-VAD-FMK)、Caspase-3抑制剂(z-DEVD-FMK)和Caspase-9抑制剂(Z-LEHD-FMK)均可显著抑制杀虫晶体蛋白诱导的细胞凋亡;杀虫晶体蛋白可明显上调促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达,同时下调抗凋亡蛋白BCl-2的表达,并观察到胞浆中细胞色素C的释放.初步证明了Bt9875杀虫晶体蛋白诱导的HL-60细胞凋亡是由Caspase家族和Bcl-2家族共同调控的,线粒体途径在诱导细胞凋亡过程中起着重要作用. 相似文献
5.
家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus,BmNPV)bro (baculovirus repeated ORF)-d基因普遍存在于多种感染鳞翅目昆虫的多角体病毒基因组中,是杆状病毒中一类重复开放阅读框序列.为了解bro-d基因在病毒感染过程中的作用及其与宿主细胞凋亡之间的关系,本研究利用Red重组技术敲除BmNPV基因组中的bro-d基因,构建基因缺失型病毒bro-d-ko-Bacmid,并将该缺失型病毒转染家蚕BmN细胞,利用qRT-PCR技术检测bro-d基因的缺失对病毒基因组复制、转录水平以及抑制凋亡蛋白2基因(inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2,iap2)的影响.结果显示,bro-d基因缺失后会导致病毒基因组的复制水平显著下降(P＜0.05),同时病毒的早期基因lef-3、晚期基因vp39和极晚期基因p1O的转录水平也都显著下降(P＜0.05);iap2的转录水平显著下调(P＜0.05).在bro-d基因缺失型病毒的复制水平明显低于野生型病毒的情况下,仍会导致细胞活力显著下降(P＜0.05);bro-d基因缺失引起细胞B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-celllymphoma-2,Bcl-2)蛋白含量明显低于野生型病毒,而Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 assaciated X protein,Bax)含量显著高于野生型病毒(P＜0.05),进而导致细胞凋亡水平上升.结果表明,bro-d基因不仅对病毒各时期基因表达水平具有调控作用,也可通过调控iap2的表达进而调控宿主细胞的凋亡水平.研究成果为深入了解bro-d基因在病毒感染过程中的功能提供了基础资料,也为通过延长宿主细胞寿命、提高目的蛋白表达产量来进行杆状病毒表达载体的改造提供了新思路. 相似文献
6.
高温诱导体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的应激响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验以体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞为模型,研究不同时间高温(42℃)热处理对细胞热休克蛋白HSP、细胞凋亡、乳脂肪和乳蛋白合成相关基因mRNA表达丰度的影响.结果发现,热休克转录子hsf-1和热休克蛋白基因hsp27、hsp70和hsp90在高温处理0.5 h后mRNA表达上调,其中hsp70转录水平有急剧上调过程,且随热处理时间延长均表现出先上升后下降的趋势;标志细胞凋亡的Bax基因从处理的0.5 h开始mRNA表达下调,随后升高;但细胞凋亡Bcl-2 mRNA表达上调;在检测的热处理过程中,αS1-酪蛋白(CSN1S1)基因转录先上调后下降,而β-酪蛋(CSN2)和嗜乳脂蛋白(BTN)基因转录均下调;与脂肪酸合成和调控相关的基因乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACACA)、过氧化物酶激活受体.-γ(PPARG)和固醇调节元件转录因子-1(SREBF-1)基因表达显著上调,而过氧化物酶激活受体-α(PPARA)基因mRNA转录没有明显变化.本实验结果证明热应激诱导了奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的应激反应,对细胞的乳蛋白和乳脂肪合成功能产生了显著影响,细胞产生热耐受. 相似文献
7.
为探讨不同浓度黄芩苷对热应激条件下猪近端肾小管细胞(pig kidney proximal tubular cells,LLC-PK1)细胞凋亡率及B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2基因(B-cellymphoma-2,Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白基因(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)表达的影响,将培养的LLC-PK1细胞随机分为7个组,Ⅰ组为37℃空白对照组,Ⅱ组为42℃单纯热应激1 h组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组分别为用不同浓度黄芩苷(0.01、0.1、1、10和100μg/m L)处理组后42℃热应激1 h组,运用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot分别检测Bcl-2和Bax基因及蛋白的表达,流式细胞仪(Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法)检测细胞凋亡率。结果表明,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组能显著诱导LLC-PK1细胞Bcl-2 m RNA的表达(P0.05),极显著诱导细胞Bax m RNA和蛋白的表达(P0.01),能极显著降低细胞Bcl-2和Bax m RNA和蛋白的比值(P0.01),极显著增加细胞凋亡率(P0.01),但对细胞Bcl-2蛋白的表达无显著影响(P0.05)。黄芩苷处理组与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组LLC-PK1细胞Bcl-2 m RNA的表达量均升高,其中Ⅴ组差异极显著(P0.01),Ⅳ及Ⅵ组差异显著(P0.05),Ⅲ及Ⅶ组差异不显著(P0.05),而细胞Bcl-2蛋白的表达量与Ⅱ组相比均差异不显著(P0.05);同样与Ⅱ组相比,黄芩苷处理的各组细胞Bax m RNA及蛋白的表达量均降低,其中Ⅴ及Ⅵ组差异极显著(P0.01),其余各组差异显著(P0.05);除Ⅲ组外,其他各组细胞Bcl-2和Bax m RNA及蛋白的比值与Ⅱ组相比均显著升高(P0.05),其中Ⅴ组细胞Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的比值差异极显著(P0.01);细胞凋亡率仅有Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组相比差异不显著(P0.05),而Ⅴ及Ⅵ组细胞凋亡率极显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.01),其余的Ⅳ和Ⅶ组显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。一定浓度范围内的黄芩苷(0.1~100μg/m L)可能通过下调热应激条件下LLC-PK1细胞Bax的表达,从而提高Bcl-2和Bax的比值,降低细胞的凋亡率,对细胞起到保护作用。本研究从分子水平研究黄芩苷缓解热应激对猪LLC-PK1细胞的损害作用,可为明确其解热机制提供理论基础,并为其在临床上的应用提供有价值的参考资料。 相似文献
8.
为了探讨牦牛（Bos grunniens）脑组织低氧适应性,选择成年（3～5岁）牦牛脑组织,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、免疫组织化学技术及免疫荧光技术检测低氧诱导因子2α(HIF2α)与促凋亡BNIP3L蛋白（BNIP3L/NIX）和微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3-Ⅱ)在大脑皮质、海马、丘脑、延髓和小脑中的表达与定位情况,并用半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶3(Caspase-3)检测脑组织中细胞的凋亡水平。qRT-PCR和免疫组织化学光密度分析结果显示,成年牦牛大脑皮质和海马的HIF2α、NIX、LC3-ⅡmRNA和蛋白水平显著高于丘脑、延髓及小脑（P<0.05）,另外Caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白水平在五个部位之间无显著差异。免疫组化镜下观察发现HIF2α阳性反应表达于神经元胞核及胞质,而NIX、LC3-Ⅱ和Caspase-3阳性反应均集中在细胞质,且上述四个因子主要分布于大脑皮质的多形细胞层和海马的CA区锥体细胞层,另外,在丘脑、延髓和小脑神经元中均有表达。免疫荧光结果显示,HIF2α、NIX、LC3-Ⅱ与神经元核抗原抗体NeuN在上述各部位神经元细胞共定位,Caspase... 相似文献
9.
为阐明岩藻黄质促进人急性淋巴细胞白血病(CEM/C1)细胞凋亡的作用机制,本研究采用MTT法检测岩藻黄质处理后的CEM/C1细胞活力;利用流式细胞仪测定CEM/C1细胞的早期与晚期凋亡率以及细胞周期的分布;采用试剂盒检测岩藻黄质对CEM/C1细胞中丙酮酸激酶(PK)和己糖激酶(HK)活性以及葡萄糖摄取量、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生成量、乳酸生成量的影响;通过蛋白免疫印迹法(WB)测定CEM/C1细胞相关蛋白表达水平,并通过分子对接进行验证。结果表明,岩藻黄质对CEM/C1细胞活力具有显著的抑制效果,并呈剂量和时间依赖性;随着岩藻黄质浓度的增加,CEM/C1细胞的早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率明显增加,G1/G2细胞的比例显著或极显著下降,S期细胞的比例显著或极显著上升;岩藻黄质显著抑制糖酵解相关酶(PK、HK)的活性以及蛋白表达;岩藻黄质显著降低磷酸化mTOR和磷酸化AKT蛋白的表达水平;岩藻黄质与AKT和mTOR蛋白对接的结合能均小于-5 kcal·mol-1,主要通过氢键作用于酶活中心。综上,岩藻黄质能显著促进CEM/C1细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与AKT/mTOR信号通过... 相似文献
10.
细胞凋亡(apoptosis)也称程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death,PCD),对于生物体正常发育和繁殖是必不可少的,也受各种生物和非生物胁迫所调控。铝胁迫是酸性土壤中影响植物生长和限制作物产量的一个主要因子,铝对细胞的毒害之一是诱导程序性细胞死亡。本研究通过用4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,DAPI)染色观察铝胁迫下丹波黑大豆(Glycine max)根尖细胞细胞核和线粒体中细胞色素c(cytochromec,Cytc)含量等的变化。结果表明,铝胁迫下,丹波黑大豆根尖细胞DAPI染色后细胞核在细胞边缘聚集,核内的染色质凝聚呈新月状,分布在核内周边,呈致密浓染。大豆根尖细胞线粒体中的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量均随着铝处理浓度和时间的增加呈上升趋势,表明大豆根尖细胞线粒体膜氧化程度增加,膜系统损害更严重。线粒体Cytc/a的比值能够反映线粒体内膜上Cytc量的变化。铝胁迫下,大豆根尖细胞线粒体膜通透性转换孔(mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)不断开放,线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm)降低,线粒体膜的完整性被破坏,促使Cyt c从线粒体内膜上脱落下来,线粒体中的Cytc/a和Cytc含量减少,Cytc有可能通过线粒体膜从线粒体释放到细胞质中。这些研究结果从细胞和生理水平揭示了线粒体和Cytc在铝诱导丹波黑大豆根尖细胞发生凋亡过程中的作用,进一步阐明了铝胁迫诱导丹波黑大豆根尖细胞凋亡的过程,加深了铝毒对植物毒害机理的认识。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献