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1.
ABSTRACT: Genetic evidence of the occurrence of natural hybridization between female Pinctada fucata and male Pinctada maculata among wild pearl oysters ( n = 20) collected for use as the mother shell for private pearl farming in the Oshima Strait at Amami-o-shima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, were obtained. A polymerase chain reaction-based species identification method for Pinctada was developed using polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. This method enabled the amplification of the ITS regions using a primer set specific for P. maculata and P. fucata . However, 10 of 20 individuals morphologically identified as P. fucata had sequences specific to both P. maculata and P. fucata in the ITS region. These putative hybrids showed sequences of a maternally inherited mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, identical to that of P. fucata . Shells of the putative hybrids were difficult to discriminate from those of P. fucata exhibiting similar taxonomic traits. Moreover, the hybrids exhibited slower growth than P. fucata but faster growth than P. maculata . 相似文献
2.
珠母贝属6个种的ITS 2分子标记研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
对珠母贝属的大珠母贝、珠母贝、白珠母贝、黑珠母贝、长耳珠母贝、黑珠母贝和合浦珠母贝6个种的内部转录间隔区2(ITS2)序列及其两侧的5.8S和28S的部分序列进行了比较分析。其中黑珠母贝的序列来自GenBank。PCR扩增片段大小为600bp左右,测序结果表明,ITS2长211～254bp,两端的5.8S和28S分别长84bp和272bp(均含引物)。序列比对分析结果表明,5.8S和28S序列高度保守,不适合于种类鉴定,而ITS2序列高度变异,270个比对位点中有146个位点发生突变,其中72个位点发生插入/缺失突变。除白珠母贝和黑珠母贝之间的遗传距离较小外,其余种类之间的遗传距离远远大于种内遗传距离。基因型分析表明,每个种具有各自特有的基因型。基因型和序列变异分析表明ITS2序列可作为珍珠贝种类鉴定的分子标记。可用于种间、杂交育种、幼体和珍珠贝肉等材料的种类鉴定与遗传分析。 相似文献
3.
合浦珠母贝热休克蛋白hsp70基因的克隆与表达分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
采用同源克隆和RT-PCR技术对合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)热休克蛋白hsp70基因进行了克隆和表达分析。获得cDNA全长序列2 365 bp,其中3’非编码区域(UTR)为318 bp,5’UTR为88 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 959 bp,编码652个氨基酸,分子量约为71.39 kD,理论等电点为5.22,并含有3个HSP70家族的签名序列IDLGTTYS、DLGGGTFD和EEVD。同源性分析表明,合浦珠母贝HSP70的氨基酸序列与太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)等双壳贝类的相似性高达86%以上,基于氨基酸序列的聚类分析表明,合浦珠母贝与牡蛎属种类亲缘关系最近。高温、高盐刺激后,半定量RT-PCR检测发现hsp70基因的表达明显增加,高温刺激的表达量高于高盐刺激,高温刺激组不同组织的表达量由大到小依次为鳃、消化腺、外套膜、肌肉、性腺,高盐刺激组不同组织的表达量由大到小依次为鳃、外套膜、肌肉、消化腺、性腺,表明HSP70参与了机体对刺激的应答过程。该基因的克隆为进一步深入研究合浦珠母贝的抗逆机理及其遗传改良奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
4.
对本实验室和其他学者已经发表的马氏珠母贝外套膜和珍珠囊的454焦磷酸测序转录组数据以及NCBI中的EST数据进行了重组装、同源序列比对和GO注释分析。重组装获得了30266个contig,平均长度522 bp,其中最长的contig为4144 bp;NR数据库BLAST分析获取了2310个相似性contig(E≤10?5),其中1902个在模式动物(人、小鼠、海胆、线虫、斑马鱼、果蝇或者太平洋牡蛎和珠母贝)中可以查找到同源序列。基因注释(GO)结果表明,注释到生物学过程的3846个contig可分为23个亚类,其中代谢过程蛋白、细胞过程蛋白和生物学调控蛋白为contig数量最多的3个亚类;注释到分子功能的4601个contig共分为11个亚类,其中结合蛋白的contig数量最多,其次是具有催化活性的蛋白和结构分子活性蛋白;注释到细胞成分的2992个contig分为17个亚类,其中细胞和细胞组成部分的contig数量最多,其次分别是细胞器和大分子复合体contig数量。本研究结果有助于开展外套膜和珍珠囊特异性表达基因的大规模筛选。 相似文献
5.
我国合浦珠母贝 Pinctada fucata 的命名较混乱,与日本的 P.fucata martensii 和澳大利亚的 P.imbricata 的分类关系存在争议。用 ITSs 序列和 AFLP 标记对这3个种的遗传关系进行了分析。结果表明这3个地理种的遗传分化很低,种内和种间的遗传距离相互重叠,AFLP 数据的聚类分析表明澳大利亚种群大部分个体单独聚合成一支,主成分分析结果相似。种问的遗传距离与分化程度与其地理距离呈正相关。分子方差结果也表明种间的差异较小,低于6%。这些结果表明这3个种实际上是同一物种。由于大西洋的 P.imbricata 与澳大利亚的不同,因此根据分类命名的优先原则,正确的种名应为 P.fucata。 相似文献
6.
Realized heritability and response to selection for shell height in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (Gould) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The common pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (Gould), is the most important species that is cultured for production of marine pearls in China. Heavy mortality and the decline of pearl quality have resulted in a breeding programme being established in recent years. In this study, we conducted selective breeding for the second generation of pearl oyster P. fucata (JCS-2) by mass selection for shell height (SH) with a selection intensity of 1.614, and analysed the growth of the selected line (JCS-2) and the non-selected control line (JCC) during a 1-year grow-out period. The results show that the selected line grew faster than the control one in the SH and total weight (TW) ( P <0.05), and there were higher proportion of larger sized oysters. Coefficient of variation for SH of JCS-2 was smaller than that of JCC. The current genetic gains and realized heritability for JCS-2 averaged 16.03 ± 4.79% and 0.713 ± 0.208 at 3–15 months of age respectively. The findings indicated the selection response to faster growth for SH is markedly effective in the second generation, and there was a high correlated response of TW when selecting for SH. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACT: To elucidate the species status of Pinctada fucata in China, P. fucata martensii in Japan and P. imbricata in Australia, one population of each taxon was studied using internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1, and ITS2) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. ITS1 and ITS2 were 401–405 and 229–237 bp long, respectively. Twenty-nine ITS1 and 15 ITS2 unique genotypes were obtained from 44 and 34 individuals, respectively, with some genotypes shared by two or three populations. In AFLP analysis, each individual exhibited a distinct phenotype. No population had diagnostic markers. Mean genetic divergences within and among the three populations were very low and overlapped (between-population: 0.7–0.9% for ITS1, 0.9–1.3% for ITS2, and 53.3–55.6% for AFLP; within-population: 0.5–0.9% for ITS1, 0.8–1.2% for ITS2, and 50.4–53.6% for AFLP). Low levels of genetic differentiation were observed among the three populations while the Australian population is partially genetically isolated. Under an infinite allele model, genetic differentiation among populations was not significant based on a permutation test. Under an infinite site model, most F ST values were not significant for ITS data although they were significant for AFLP data. Network analysis using ITS data indicated that individuals from the same population did not cluster together. Analysis of molecular variance ( amova ) demonstrated that > 94% variation was contributed by within-population variation. These findings suggest that the three taxa are conspecific and Pinctada fucata is the correct name. 相似文献
8.
贝龄对马氏珠母贝植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)速长系F2为材料,分析了贝龄对植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状影响。实验设2.0龄贝植核组(A)、2.0龄贝对照组(B),1.5龄贝植核组(C)和1.5龄贝对照组(D),按照常规技术进行插核手术与海区养殖,育珠期为450 d。在插核后第15、30、60、180、270和450天,比较各组的平均体质量和成活率差异;在插核后270 d和450 d,比较A和C组留核率、珍珠层厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量的差异。结果表明,在插核后第15、30、60、180和270和450天,4个组的平均体质量和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),C和D组的成活率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05),C和D组的体质量日增长率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05)。在插核后第270天,A和C组的留核率、珍珠层厚度和珍珠产量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),A和C组间优质珠率差异不显著(P>0.05);在插核后第450天,C组留核率、珍珠厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量均显著大于A组(P<0.05)。结论认为,利用低龄贝进行插核育珠明显提高植核贝的留核率、成活率和珍珠层厚度,从而能够提高珍珠质量。本研究旨在为合理设计马氏珠母贝的养殖模式提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
7种珍珠贝RAPD鉴别标记的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
采用RAPD分子标记技术对珠母贝属的大珠母贝、珠母贝、黑珠母贝、白珠母贝、合浦珠母贝、长耳珠母贝和珍珠贝属的企鹅珍珠贝的基因组DNA的特异性遗传标记进行分析。从21个OPM和S系列中筛选出4个引物,共扩增出57个位点,每条引物平均产生14·3个位点。扩增片段大小在250~2000bp间,平均每种贝每条引物产生4·9条带。其中引物S10对7种珍珠贝的RAPD产物呈现出物种的特异性,可同时将7种珍珠贝分开,其余引物可以将2种或2种以上的珍珠贝区别开来。引物S10可以作为种间鉴定的标记。 相似文献
10.
Age‐dependence of cultured pearl grade and colour in the black‐lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pinctada margaritifera is an economically important marine bivalve species for cultured pearl production in French Polynesian aquaculture. In order to evaluate the influence of donor oyster age on pearl quality traits, experiments were conducted over 6 years using both grafts and surgreffe operations. At harvest, six pearl quality traits were recorded and compared: surface defects, lustre, grade, darkness level and visual colour. Analysing the quality traits of pearls harvested in the initial graft process and those of pearls obtained from surgreffe experiments allowed a comparison of the influence of pearl sac cells originating from the initial mantle graft, which aged together with their recipient oysters. The results demonstrated a significant decrease between these successive grafts in lustre, grade (A‐B‐C), darkness level, and green colour – traits that are of major importance in the pearl market. The duplicated graft experiment allowed the comparison of donor oyster families at 2 and 5 years old, where a mantle graft was inserted into recipient oysters aged 2.5 years. The results showed the same tendencies to a lesser extent, with (i) an improved pearl grade, predominantly through a most important rate of 0 surface defect category, and (ii) a green/grey ratio in favour of the younger donor. A comparison between the graft‐surgreffe and the duplicated graft experiments also highlighted: (i) the indirect role played by the younger recipient oysters, which must be optimized for optimal pearl quality realization, and (ii) the complex interplay between the donor and recipient oysters. 相似文献
11.
Phenotypic indicators for cultured pearl size improvement in the black‐lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera): towards selection for the recipient growth performance 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The black‐lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed species in French Polynesia and the basis of the most valuable export industry. Mass production of black pearls relies on a surgical operation requiring tissue from a donor pearl oyster to be grafted, together with a nucleus made of shell, into the gonad of a recipient oyster. Improving pearl size through family selection remains one of the main challenges for future aquaculture development. This study analyses the relative contribution of donor and recipient oysters to pearl size. To this end, hatchery‐produced donor oysters of two batches, large and small (based on shell height), were used to supply grafts for recipients, which were then monitored individually for their growth performance by recording shell height, width, and thickness, and total live weight (flesh + shells) every 6 months (four biometric measurement times) over 20 months of culture. Pearls issued from the two batches of donors showed no significant differences in nacre weight or thickness. In contrast, recipient oyster shell height and total weight were increasingly positively correlated with these pearl size parameters over the culture period, becoming significant at 8 months post‐grafting. Potential therefore exists to use shell height and oyster weight as phenotypic indicators for selective breeding of recipient oysters with high growth performance to increase pearl size in P. margaritifera. 相似文献
12.
In order to provide baseline information for the genetic resources, genetic variation in wild and cultured Pinctada fucata martensii from southern Korea and Japan was studied using nucleotide sequence analysis of 379 base pairs (bp) in the mitochondrial
cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). The study included three hatchery stocks from Korea (Tongyeong) and Japan (Mie and
Tsushima) and one wild stock from Korea (Geoje). A total of 3 haplotypes were identified in hatchery stocks of 78 individuals,
of which 63 individuals shared 1 haplotype. Overall, nucleotide diversity (π) was low, ranging from 0.000 to 0.002, and haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.000 to 0.541. Considerably low haplotype and nucleotide diversities in hatchery stock indicated that low effective
population size and consecutive selective breeding of P. fucata martensii could be responsible for the reduction in genetic variation. The wild stock exhibited low haplotype diversity (0.507 ± 0.039)
with two shared haplotypes. The results of the present study with first record of wild pearl oyster in Korea support the possibility
that the transplanted pearl oyster for overwintering experiments could have survived in winter. In order to enhance and/or
maintain genetic diversity in the hatchery stock, further research should be directed toward genetic monitoring and evaluation
of the hatchery and wild pearl oysters. 相似文献
13.
Donor effect on cultured pearl nacre development and shell matrix gene expression in Pinctada margaritifera reared in different field sites 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chin‐Long Ky Floriane Broustal Manaarii Sham Koua Virgile Quillien Benoît Beliaeff 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1934-1943
Understanding the respective roles played by donor and recipient pearl oysters in pearl quality determination in relation to the environment is a challenge for the pearl industry. In most Pinctada species, pearl size is mainly related to recipient oyster growth performance but also relies to some extent on the biomineralisation activity of the pearl sac, a tissue that originates from the donor oyster mantle. We examined donor effect on pearl size in response to culture in the lagoons on Arutua and Apataki atolls. Overall, nacre weight and thickness were greater in Arutua than in Apataki, but sensitivity to the environment differed between donors. Some donors were associated with significantly heavier and thicker nacre in Arutua (I group), while others had similar results at the two sites (NI group). On average, up to 20% of the pearl size could be attributed to the donor but, in group I, donor effect was responsible for up to 36% of nacre weight determination. Additionally, a real‐time PCR expression study of eight matrix protein genes related to biomineralisation in the pearl sac showed that MSI60, pearlin and pif177 were significantly and positively correlated with nacre weight and thickness, with the latter two genes explaining the larger pearl size observed in Arutua. Donor oysters in P. margaritifera therefore play a key role in pearl size improvement, related to the role of the shell matrix protein genes. Understanding such contributions could help in the design of genetic selection plans for specific and adapted donor oyster lines. 相似文献
14.
In order to understand growth features of pearl oysters in the genus Pinctada, i.e. Pinctada fucata, Pinctada margaritifera, and Pinctada sugillata in Taiwan, a total of 3062 wild individuals of these species from juvenile to adult were collected monthyly from March 2001
to April 2002 in Jukeng, Pingtung County, south-west Taiwan. Quantitative measurements of live oysters were conducted for
shell height (SH), shell length (SL), shell width (SW), hinge length (HL), and wet weight (WW). Different cohorts were identified
through multiple length frequency analysis on SH of P. fucata and P. margaritifera, and growth curves with seasonal variation were estimated for these species. Pinctada fucata in Taiwan had a different seasonal growth pattern from the Japanese population, but had similar growth rates during the high
growth period. The growth rate of P. margaritifera in Taiwan was slower than in French Polynesia, the Solomon Islands, and the Red Sea. Comparisons of morphological growth
features among the three species show large differences in the SW-related features. Pinctada fucata in Taiwan had larger SW than in Japan and Korea. The differences in growth rates and morphological features suggested that
the wild Taiwanese oysters may retain genetically pristine characteristics, thus genetic conservation might be urgently needed. 相似文献
15.
合浦珠母贝全同胞家系贝壳珍珠质颜色分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
合浦珠母贝（Pinctada fucata）小片贝的珍珠质颜色直接影响育珠贝所产珍珠的颜色。每个合浦珠母贝的珍珠质颜色都有自己的颜色特征值,即三刺激值和颜色参数。试验选择16个合浦珠母贝全同胞家系,用CSE成像分析色度系统测量并比较各家系左壳内侧外缘珍珠质颜色参数Lab和三刺激值,以筛选适合做插核小片贝的家系。珍珠质的颜色参数明度（L）为98.586～105.234,其中F16家系的明度最大,F3家系的明度最小;a（红绿色品）为-0.967～-6.577,b（黄蓝色品）为5.915～11.237,F14家系色品最偏向于绿色（-a）,F16家系色品最偏向于黄色（b）。F3和F14家系贝壳外缘珍珠质的色差（ΔEab）最大（7.885）,肉眼能明显觉察。16个家系的合浦珠母贝都属于白色系列,其中离白光中心最近（a2＋b2最小）且个体颜色集中的F1家系最适合用作小片贝来选育培养。 相似文献
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丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路在细胞对细胞外刺激的反应中起着重要作用。它是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶，通过磷酸化级联将细胞外信号传递给细胞。本研究利用cDNA 末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆获得PmMAKP p38基因cDNA 全长序列并对其序列进行生物信息学分析；利用实时荧光定量 PCR（qPCR）技术分析了PmMAKP p38在马氏珠母贝不同组织以及不同免疫刺激后的表达水平。结果显示PmMAKP p38 cDNA全长为1516 bp，开放阅读框长度为1071 bp，共编码356个氨基酸，分子量为 40.88 kDa；结构域预测分析表明PmMAPK p38含有MAPK家族典型的S_TKc结构域；多序列比对、进化树构建以及MatGAT计算结果显示PmMAPK p38与其他物种的相似度、保守程度较高；荧光定量分析结果表明该基因在马氏珠母贝中存在广泛表达，在肝胰腺中表达量最高，其次为外套膜，最低是闭壳肌。机体在受到LPS刺激后，相对表达量在2 h达到最高，12 h降到最低，最高约为最低的5倍；哈维氏弧菌刺激后，相对表达量在2 h达到最高，8 h降到最低，最高约为最低的4倍。研究表明，PmMAPK p38可能在马氏珠母贝的免疫反应中起着重要的作用。 相似文献
17.
基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMP)是一种能够降解细胞外基质的蛋白水解酶。MMP-17是一种膜型基质金属蛋白酶,通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇连接于细胞表面,参与调控有机体的内环境稳定、宿主防御等多种生理过程。为研究MMP-17在马氏珠母贝免疫反应中的作用,实验运用RACE技术,克隆得到马氏珠母贝MMP-17(Pinctada martensii MMP,Pm-MMP-17)基因cDNA 全长序列,并对其序列特征及功能进行初步分析。结果显示,Pm-MMP-17基因cDNA全长2 794 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 923 bp,编码640个氨基酸,5'UTR长156 bp,3'UTR长715 bp,分子量约为73.11 ku,等电点为8.98;多序列比对和系统进化树分析表明,Pm-MMP-17与其他物种的MMP具有较高的保守性,与长牡蛎的MMP-17相似性高达82%;功能结构域分析表明,Pm-MMP-17有5个高度保守的结构区域:N-末端的信号肽、前导区、催化区、铰链区和C-末端的类血红素结合蛋白区;荧光定量数据分析表明,Pm-MMP-17基因在马氏珠母贝的闭壳肌、珍珠囊、足、外套膜、血淋巴、肝胰腺、性腺、鳃等8个组织中均有表达,在血液中的表达量最高,闭壳肌和鳃次之;脂多糖(LPS)刺激后,Pm-MMP-17基因表达水平上调,12 h后达到最大值,之后又逐渐下调并恢复到正常水平。研究表明,Pm-MMP-17基因可能在马氏珠母贝的免疫反应中起着重要作用。 相似文献
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B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma, Bcl-2)基因作为一种重要的细胞凋亡调控基因,在内源性细胞凋亡通路中发挥着重要的调控作用。实验利用c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆获得PmBcl-2-like基因cDNA全长序列,并对其序列进行生物信息学分析;利用实时定量PCR(qPCR)技术分析了PmBcl-2-like在马氏珠母贝不同组织、不同发育时期以及不同免疫刺激后的表达水平。结果显示,PmBcl-2-like cDNA全长为2 180 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 650 bp,共编码549个氨基酸,分子量为21.62 ku;结构域预测分析表明PmBcl-2-like含有Bcl-2家族典型的BH1-4结构域;多序列比对以及进化树构建结果表明,PmBcl-2-like与其他物种的相似度较高,保守性较强;荧光定量结果表明PmBcl-2-like在马氏珠母贝8个组织中均有表达,在鳃中表达量最高,其次为性腺,表达量最低为中央膜区;在胚胎期表达量较高,受精卵时期表达量最高。机体受到脂多糖(LPS)刺激后,相对表达量在24 h达到最高,72 h降到最低,最高约为最低的2.5倍;肽聚糖(PGN)刺激后,相对表达量在6 h达到最高,48 h降到最低,最高约为最低的7.28倍;聚肌胞苷酸(Poly:IC)刺激后,相对表达量在3 h达到最高,12 h降到最低,最高约为最低的6.49倍。研究表明,PmBcl-2-like可能在马氏珠母贝发育和免疫防御反应中担任着重要的角色。 相似文献
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XLP涂料对合浦珠母贝成活率、生长及附着生物量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了XLP防污涂料对合浦珠母贝Pinctada fucata成活率、生长及附着生物量的影响。经XLP防污涂料处理后的贝,其附着生物量明显低于对照组;经防污涂料处理后的养殖网笼具,其附着生物量也明显低于对照组;贝和养殖网笼具同时用XLP防污涂料处理时,防生物附着的效果最好。经XLP防污涂料处理后,处理前期（30～60d）合浦珠母贝养殖成活率与对照组的成活率接近,或者略低于对照组;养殖120d后试验组成活率则高于对照组。使用XLP防污涂料处理后养殖120d,合浦珠母贝的个体大小及体重高于对照组。试验结果表明,使用XLP防污涂料能有效防御污损生物附着,有利于合浦珠母贝的养殖。 相似文献