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1.
珠母贝人工培育黑珍珠的影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用不同术前处理方法、不同贝龄和不同珠核规格的实验条件,探讨珠母贝(Pinctada margaritifera)育珠效果的影响因素.术前处理方法包括温差促排和阴干促排,贝龄设为1.5龄、2.0龄、2.5龄和3.0龄,珠核直径设为5.5 mm、6.0mm、6.5 mm和7.0mm.经1个月的休养和21个月的育珠,结果显示,休养与育珠期间,温差促排、阴干促排和未处理组间的成活率没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但留核率、收珠率和优珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中温差促排组和未处理组分别具有最高和最低的留核率、收珠率和优珠率;4个贝龄组的成活率、留核率和收珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中1.5龄组具有最高的成活率,2龄组具有最高的留核率和收珠率,3龄组具有最低的成活率、留核率和收珠率;4个珠核规格组间的成活率、留核率和收珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中6.0 mm组和 7.0 mm组分别具有最高和最低的留核率和收珠率.研究结果说明,术前处理具有明显提高珠母贝植核贝的成活率、留核率和收珠率;珠母贝第一次植核的最适贝龄应是1.5～2龄:珠母贝第一次植核的珠核适宜规格为6.0 mm.本研究旨在为优质珍珠的培育提供理论参考. 相似文献
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利用马氏珠母贝4个壳色系F3培育厚层优质珍珠 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了评价红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3育珠性状,设立两个实验,分别利用马氏珠母贝红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3作为植核(受体)贝和小片(供体)贝进行植核育珠。实验Ⅰ:利用红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3为插核贝和小片贝建立16个组合,另外利用以普通养殖群体为插核贝、金黄壳色系F3为小片贝建立了1个组合,共建立17个组合,育珠期为24个月;实验Ⅱ:分别利用红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3为植核贝和小片贝建立16个组合,育珠期为18个月。结果表明,育珠期结束后实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ的4个壳色系F3平均壳高和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ的黑壳色系F3具有最大的平均壳高,实验Ⅰ金黄壳色系F3具有最高的成活率,实验Ⅱ黑壳色系F3具有最高的成活率。实验Ⅰ:各组合间的留核率、商品珠率、优良珠率和育珠绩效均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),珍珠层厚度差异不显著(P>0.05);BW组具有最大的留核率、商品珠率、珠层厚度和育珠绩效值,RB组具有最大的优良珠率;实验Ⅱ:各组合的留核率、商品珠率、优良珠率、珍珠层厚度和育珠绩效均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。黑壳色系F3作为插核贝具有较好的育珠效果,经进一步测试其育珠性能,可在珍珠生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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本研究比较了不同术前处理方式和不同规格珠核对企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)游离珍珠培育效果的影响。术前处理方式分别为抑制母贝性腺发育和促进性腺发育排精产卵,珠核规格分别为5.0 mm、6.0 mm、7.0 mm和8.0 mm,手术贝休养期为1个月,育珠期为18个月。结果显示:术前处理和珠核规格对育珠贝成活率、留核率和成珠率存在显著影响(P0.05),促进性腺发育排精产卵处理的育珠贝休养期、育珠期成活率、留核率和成珠率最高(62.0%、54.0%、21.0%和48.0%),未经术前处理的对照组最低(50.0%、38.0%、11.0%和32.0%),珠核直径5.0 mm组休养期、育珠期手术贝成活率、留核率和成珠率最高(64.0%、54.0%、22.0%和45.0%),8.0mm最低(42.0%、33.0%、8.0%和22.0%)。本研究结果表明,通过手术前处理可以显著提高企鹅珍珠贝育珠贝的成活率、留核率和成珠率,企鹅珍珠贝游离珍珠培育的合适的珠核规格为5.0~6.0 mm。 相似文献
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珠母贝插核育珠的初步观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
珠母贝插核育珠,选择壳高7～9cm的母贝作为插核贝和以外套膜颜色相同的插核贝、小片见组合进行括核育珠的效果较好。珠母贝括核手术后休养期的存活率为77．5％～97．3％,留核率为42．5％～77．4％。壳高7～9cm的插核见成珠率为25．0％,已接近马氏珠母贝生产上的插核育珠水平。 相似文献
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本研究分析了自主研发的微胶囊饲料替代微藻对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)育珠性能、生长相关基因和矿化相关基因表达的影响。共设置了3个实验组,其中,EG1组投喂亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis),EG2组投喂微胶囊饲料+亚心形扁藻,EG3组投喂微胶囊饲料。养殖170 d后,比较马氏珠母贝的育珠性能、闭壳肌生长相关基因EGFR、FGF18、GHITM和TβRI以及外套膜的中央膜和边缘膜矿化相关基因pearlin、DPT、pif177和N19的表达。结果表明:(1)各组间马氏珠母贝育珠贝的存活率、留核率不存在显著性差异(P0.05),所采收珍珠的珍珠层厚度及平均质量也不存在显著性差异(P0.05);(2)各实验组间马氏珠母贝闭壳肌中EGFR、FGF18、GHITM和TβR I的相对表达量不存在显著性差异(P0.05);(3)各实验组间马氏珠母贝中央膜中DPT和N19的相对表达量差异不显著(P0.05),EG2和EG3组pearlin的表达量显著性高于EG1组(P0.05),pif177在EG3组中的表达量显著性高于EG1和EG2组(P0.05);(4)各实验组间马氏珠母贝边缘膜中pearlin、DPT和N19的相对表达量差异不显著(P0.05),EG2和EG3组pif177的表达量显著高于EG1组(P0.05)。研究结果说明,该微胶囊饲料可以替代部分微藻进行育珠生产,为进一步研发马氏珠母贝的人工配合饲料及开展工厂化育珠积累了参考资料。 相似文献
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企鹅珍珠贝游离有核珍珠培育技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007~2011年,借鉴马氏珠母贝游离有核珍珠植核方法,根据企鹅珍珠贝生理机能特性以及植核部位的组织构造特点,摸索出企鹅珍珠贝术前处理、栓口、植核施术、术后休养和育珠期管养等系统性的植核育珠技术。5年间,共植核企鹅珍珠贝245710个,植核贝经过60 d的休养,成活率为91.3%~96.0%,平均休养期成活率为94.0%;植核贝再经过16~22个月的育珠期后,成活率为90.3%~96.3%,平均育珠期成活率为94.3%;共收获游离有核珍珠69 158颗,成珠率为27.5%~33.8%,平均成珠率为30.7%,其中共收获商品珠54 825颗,商品珠率为68.5%~83.8%,平均商品珠率为79.3%。 相似文献
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影响马氏珠母贝植核育珠绩效的关键技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究在海水珍珠养殖核心区域流沙湾,通过设置不同术前处理方法、不同配液进行小片保养和不同模式育珠三个实验,比较其对马氏珠母贝植核育珠绩效的影响。术前处理方法分别为抑制性腺、温度差促排、盐度差促排和对照组(A_1、A_2、A_3、AD);小片保养分别为配液1号、配液2号、配液3号、和对照组(B_1、B_2、B_3、BD);育珠模式分别为海区休养与育珠、池塘休养与育珠和池塘休养与海区育珠(C_1、C_2、C_3)。经休养、育珠结束后,比较其育珠绩效相关指标值的差异。实验结果显示:实验Ⅰ中各术前处理组间育珠贝的育珠绩效值差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),而各处理组(A_1、A_2、A_3)育珠贝的成活率、留核率、成珠率、优良珠率和育珠绩效值均显著高于对照组(AD)(P0.05),其中温度差促排组(A_2)具有最高的育珠绩效值;实验Ⅱ中各不同配液保养组间育珠贝的育珠绩效值差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);而通过细胞小片保养各组(B_1、B_2、B_3)的育珠绩效值都显著高于对照组(BD)(P0.05)。其中配液1号组(B_1)具有最高的育珠绩效值;实验Ⅲ中各不同育珠模式组间育珠贝的成活率和留核率:(C_1)与(C_2)之间差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),而和(C_3)之间存在统计学意义;育珠贝的成珠率、优良珠率和育珠绩效值:(C_1)与(C_3)之间差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),而和(C_2)之间存在统计学意义(P0.05),;其中池塘休养与海区育珠组(C_3)具有最高的育珠绩效值。 相似文献
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Age‐dependence of cultured pearl grade and colour in the black‐lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pinctada margaritifera is an economically important marine bivalve species for cultured pearl production in French Polynesian aquaculture. In order to evaluate the influence of donor oyster age on pearl quality traits, experiments were conducted over 6 years using both grafts and surgreffe operations. At harvest, six pearl quality traits were recorded and compared: surface defects, lustre, grade, darkness level and visual colour. Analysing the quality traits of pearls harvested in the initial graft process and those of pearls obtained from surgreffe experiments allowed a comparison of the influence of pearl sac cells originating from the initial mantle graft, which aged together with their recipient oysters. The results demonstrated a significant decrease between these successive grafts in lustre, grade (A‐B‐C), darkness level, and green colour – traits that are of major importance in the pearl market. The duplicated graft experiment allowed the comparison of donor oyster families at 2 and 5 years old, where a mantle graft was inserted into recipient oysters aged 2.5 years. The results showed the same tendencies to a lesser extent, with (i) an improved pearl grade, predominantly through a most important rate of 0 surface defect category, and (ii) a green/grey ratio in favour of the younger donor. A comparison between the graft‐surgreffe and the duplicated graft experiments also highlighted: (i) the indirect role played by the younger recipient oysters, which must be optimized for optimal pearl quality realization, and (ii) the complex interplay between the donor and recipient oysters. 相似文献
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为了筛选优质的珍珠蚌插片组合,探究不同种类珍珠蚌相互插片后生长性状间的差异和相关性,以及各组合无核珍珠成珠率和大小的差异,利用三角帆蚌(S)、池蝶蚌(C)和褶纹冠蚌(Z)分别作为供片蚌和育珠蚌,获得9个育珠蚌组合,测量各育珠组合的体质量、壳长、壳高和壳宽,比较9个育珠蚌组合及3个未插片的三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌和褶纹冠蚌对照组在1年后生长性状的差异,对各生长性状相关性进行分析。测量每个育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的数量和大小,计算成珠率和圆度,分析不同组合之间无核珍珠的差异。结果显示,无核育珠手术影响珍珠蚌的生长性能,以三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌为育珠蚌的组合生长性状均优于对照组,S-S育珠组合在以三角帆蚌为育珠蚌组合内生长最优,S-C和C-C育珠组合在以池蝶蚌为育珠蚌组合中生长最优,而以褶纹冠蚌为育珠蚌的组合插片后生长性状指标均小于对照组。其中除了池蝶蚌同种插片组合(C-C育珠组合)外,其余各育珠组合壳长与体质量间相关系数均高于其他生长性状间相关系数,C-C育珠组合壳宽与体质量相关系数最大;三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌之间的插片组合（S-S、C-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合）及褶纹冠蚌同种插片组合（Z-Z育珠组合）成珠率较高(91.67%~100%)。S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合所育珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合内处于中等。研究表明,无核育珠手术改变珍珠蚌的生长性能,不同育珠组合生长性能存在差异,S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合插片后生长性能较好,成珠率高,珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合中处于中等,该结果为探索不同珍珠蚌生长性状差异和相关性及其所产无核珍珠成珠率、大小的比较提供重要依据。 相似文献
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Effects of replacing microalgae with an artificial diet on pearl production traits and mineralization‐related gene expression in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chuang‐ye Yang Qing‐heng Wang Rui‐juan Hao Yong‐shan Liao Xiao‐dong Du Yue‐wen Deng 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5331-5337
The effects of replacing dietary microalgae with artificial diet on pearl production traits and biomineralization‐related gene expression were investigated in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii). Three experiment groups (EG1, EG2 and EG3) were set. EG1 and EG3 were separately fed Platymonas subcordiformis and artificial diet (D4), respectively, and EG2 was fed with mixed P. subcordiformis and D4. A control group (CG) was cultured in natural sea. All groups were continuously fed for 150 days. The results showed that the survival rates of EG1, EG2 and EG3 were significantly higher than that of CG. No significant differences in retention rate and pearl thickness were observed among the four groups, but CG had the lowest values of both parameters. The relative expression levels of EGFR and FGF18 mRNA did not significantly differ among EG1, EG2 and EG3. Moreover, the relative expression levels of GHITM and TβR I mRNA significantly varied among the groups and EG3, and EG1 had the highest and lowest relative expression levels of GHITM and TβR I mRNA respectively. The relative expression levels of nacrein and chitin‐binding mRNA significantly differed among the groups, and EG1 had the lowest expression levels of nacrein and chitin‐binding mRNA. No significant differences in the relative expression levels of MSI60 and TIMP mRNA were observed among the groups. The results suggested that D4 can replace part of microalgae, which is helpful for further studies on developing artificial diet of pearl oyster. 相似文献
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Phenotypic indicators for cultured pearl size improvement in the black‐lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera): towards selection for the recipient growth performance 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The black‐lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed species in French Polynesia and the basis of the most valuable export industry. Mass production of black pearls relies on a surgical operation requiring tissue from a donor pearl oyster to be grafted, together with a nucleus made of shell, into the gonad of a recipient oyster. Improving pearl size through family selection remains one of the main challenges for future aquaculture development. This study analyses the relative contribution of donor and recipient oysters to pearl size. To this end, hatchery‐produced donor oysters of two batches, large and small (based on shell height), were used to supply grafts for recipients, which were then monitored individually for their growth performance by recording shell height, width, and thickness, and total live weight (flesh + shells) every 6 months (four biometric measurement times) over 20 months of culture. Pearls issued from the two batches of donors showed no significant differences in nacre weight or thickness. In contrast, recipient oyster shell height and total weight were increasingly positively correlated with these pearl size parameters over the culture period, becoming significant at 8 months post‐grafting. Potential therefore exists to use shell height and oyster weight as phenotypic indicators for selective breeding of recipient oysters with high growth performance to increase pearl size in P. margaritifera. 相似文献
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Donor effect on cultured pearl nacre development and shell matrix gene expression in Pinctada margaritifera reared in different field sites 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chin‐Long Ky Floriane Broustal Manaarii Sham Koua Virgile Quillien Benoît Beliaeff 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1934-1943
Understanding the respective roles played by donor and recipient pearl oysters in pearl quality determination in relation to the environment is a challenge for the pearl industry. In most Pinctada species, pearl size is mainly related to recipient oyster growth performance but also relies to some extent on the biomineralisation activity of the pearl sac, a tissue that originates from the donor oyster mantle. We examined donor effect on pearl size in response to culture in the lagoons on Arutua and Apataki atolls. Overall, nacre weight and thickness were greater in Arutua than in Apataki, but sensitivity to the environment differed between donors. Some donors were associated with significantly heavier and thicker nacre in Arutua (I group), while others had similar results at the two sites (NI group). On average, up to 20% of the pearl size could be attributed to the donor but, in group I, donor effect was responsible for up to 36% of nacre weight determination. Additionally, a real‐time PCR expression study of eight matrix protein genes related to biomineralisation in the pearl sac showed that MSI60, pearlin and pif177 were significantly and positively correlated with nacre weight and thickness, with the latter two genes explaining the larger pearl size observed in Arutua. Donor oysters in P. margaritifera therefore play a key role in pearl size improvement, related to the role of the shell matrix protein genes. Understanding such contributions could help in the design of genetic selection plans for specific and adapted donor oyster lines. 相似文献
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Bill Johnston Damian Hine Pranesh Kishore Paul C. Southgate 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(3):510-521
The black‐lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, used for round pearl production in Polynesia, is generally cultured using “ear‐hanging” where they are attached to a rope to form “chaplets.” In other countries, pearl oysters are cultured using panel (pocket) nets that are more expensive than chaplets but afford more protection to cultured oysters. Prior research has shown panel nets produce pearls of higher quality and value, potentially generating higher profits. This study used cost–benefit analysis to compare pearl production using chaplet‐based and panel net‐based culture methods. Whole farm data, including gross revenues and annual production costs, fixed and variable, were analyzed. Average production cost per pearl using panel net‐based culture was USD 22.47 and for chaplet‐based culture was USD 21.55. However, use of panel nets saved around 3,430 hr (USD 6,860) of labor a year, offsetting the greater capital investment. A chaplet‐based pearl farm generated USD 65,738 in annual profits compared to USD 88,774 for a panel net‐based farm. Positive cash flow was achieved 1 year earlier (Year 7) for the panel net‐based farm. This is the first economic analysis of different pearl culture methods for P. margaritifera and evidence of profitability will support further development of the black‐lip pearl industry in the Indo‐Pacific region. 相似文献
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Factors influencing the quality of half‐pearls (mabé) produced by the winged pearl oyster,Pteria penguin (Röding, 1758) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The winged pearl oyster, Pteria penguin, is cultured primarily to produce half‐pearls (mabé). The mabé quality is influenced by culture techniques, but there is limited information in this field. P. penguin with mean (±SE) dorso‐ventral height of 250 ± 6.5 mm were used to investigate the influence of culture period and nucleus position on mabé quality. Oysters were relaxed using 1‐propylene phenoxetol, and five nuclei were glued at different positions to the inner surfaces of the oyster shells; three on the more concave left valve and two on the right valve. Nucleated oysters were then cultured for 10 months under commercial pearl farming conditions at Savusavu in Fiji. Nacre deposited at the base and top of the nuclei was measured monthly, from the 6th to the 10th months of culture and the different qualities of mabé produced at different positions were scrutinized. Nacre thicknesses at the base and top of the resulting mabé were significantly different at different months (P < 0.05) and the rate of nacre deposition was highest during the warmer months. The different positions of nuclei on the valve greatly affected the quality of mabé formed. After a 10‐month culture period, around 1 mm of nacre covered the nuclei although the best quality mabé were obtained after 9 months. 相似文献
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To understand the relationships between shell growth and some environmental factors, we examined the relationships between water temperature or chlorophyll abundance and the shell growth of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, suspended at three different depths at two sites. Growth in height, length and thickness of the shells were limited by water temperature during winter (< 20 °C), whereas growth in thickness correlated with food abundance, measured as chlorophyll, during early summer (> 20 °C). These results suggest that the shell of P. fucata martensii could grow well at locations with greater abundance of food and adequate water temperatures (20–26 °C), resulting in a longer growing season. 相似文献