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1.
为研究着色虹鳟在摄食状态和饥饿状态下的虾青素降解规律,实验选用平均体质量为(101.9±1.3)g的未着色虹鳟和已着色虹鳟,对未着色虹鳟饲喂含虾青素(100 mg/kg)饲料以研究虾青素在机体的沉积规律(虾青素沉积组);对着色虹鳟,饲喂含虾青素(100 mg/kg)饲料(正对照)、不含虾青素饲料(摄食降解组)或予以饥饿处理(饥饿降解组),实验共设4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复.实验共持续4周,每周采样一次,测定肌肉、肝脏和全鱼虾青素含量,血清类胡萝卜素含量,肌肉色差值(L*,a*,b*)和肌肉罗氏比色卡得分.结果表明,虾青素沉积组的虹鳟肌肉、肝脏虾青素含量、肌肉红度值和罗氏比色卡得分随饲养时间延长而增加(P＜0.05),在第3周时达到基本稳定,与第4周测定值无显著差异(P＞0.05);在4周养殖期内,全鱼虾青素含量呈增加趋势,而全鱼虾青素沉积率则呈下降趋势,第1周、第4周时的全鱼虾青素含量和全鱼虾青素沉积率分别为3.71 mg/kg、8.59 mg/kg和21.31％、15.26％;饥饿降解组和摄食降解组虹鳟的全鱼、肌肉、肝脏虾青素含量、肌肉红度值和罗氏比色卡得分随养殖时间延长逐渐降低(P＜0.05),其中饥饿降解组的下降趋势更为明显,第3周后,这种降低趋势减缓.上述研究表明,在虹鳟饲料中添加100 mg/kg虾青素,经过3周饲养即可使肌肉达到着色要求,虾青素的沉积率随时间延长而下降;饥饿和投喂不含虾青素的饲料均可使已着色虹鳟肌肉虾青素含量和红色度显著下降,饥饿使虾青素的减少更加迅速,虾青素在鱼体内的减少量随时间的延长而降低.  相似文献   

2.
选择17万余尾平均体重约1 kg的三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)进行饲料虾青素水平对三倍体虹鳟生长性能、出成率和肌肉着色影响的中试试验。试验设计3种饲料配方，分别在同一商业饲料配方基础上添加20、30 mg/L和40 mg/L的虾青素。在周长100 m的圆形商业网箱中进行为期10个月的养殖投喂，每种饲料投喂3个网箱。结果表明：添加40 mg/L虾青素饲料组三倍体虹鳟增重率和饲料系数方面均表现出优势；添加40 mg/L虾青素饲料组三倍体虹鳟肝脏小，肝色好，肥满度高；添加40 mg/L和30 mg/L虾青素饲料分别在商品鱼上市前七个月和九个月进行投喂，肉色即可达到标准(SalmoFanTM值>28)。  相似文献   

3.
为了探讨饲料色素对大黄鱼成鱼体色及其抗氧化能力的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0 mg/kg(对照组D1)、100 mg/kg(D2)、200 mg/kg(D3)、300 mg/kg(D4)叶黄素和虾青素(1∶1)混合色素配制成4种等氮等能饲料,选择平均体质量为(365.54±5.83)g的大黄鱼1 800尾,随机分为4组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复150尾,进行为期60 d投喂试验。结果表明,投喂30 d后,色素添加组大黄鱼背部和腹部皮肤的黄色值(b*)显著高于对照组(P0.05);实验结束时,除D2组的大黄鱼腹部皮肤的红色值(a*)显著高于其他组(P0.05)外,各组之间大黄鱼背部及腹部皮肤亮度值(L*)和红色值(a*)均无显著性差异(P0.05),各色素添加组的大黄鱼背部和腹部皮肤的黄色值(b*)无显著性差异(P0.05),但均显著高于对照组(P0.05);大黄鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力(TAOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均随着色素添加水平的上升而升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量随着色素添加水平的上升而降低。因此,在本试验条件下,饲料中添加叶黄素和虾青素(1∶1)混合色素可以改善大黄鱼成鱼体色及提高其抗氧化能力,综上并考虑饲料成本,建议混合色素添加量为100~200 mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
选用960尾初始体重为(0.43?0.01) g 的凡纳滨对虾,随机分为8组,分别投喂基础饲料和7种添加核苷酸混合物(mix-NT)的试验饲料,5种核苷酸(5′-腺苷酸∶5′-胞苷酸∶5′-尿苷酸二钠∶5′-肌苷酸二钠∶5′-鸟苷酸二钠)按照质量比为1∶1∶1∶1∶1(W/W)混合,添加量分别为0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0和1.2 g/kg 饲料,试验周期为5周。结果显示,当mixNT添加量为0.4 g/kg饲料时,凡纳滨对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和摄食量(FI)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)比对照组降低5.5%(P>0.05)。0.6和1.0 g/kg mix-NT添加组的蛋白质沉积率(PDR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组对虾存活率(SR)和肝胰指数(HSI)均不同程度的高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料中添加mix-NT对全虾粗脂肪、灰分含量的影响显著(P<0.05),各mix-NT添加组的全虾干物质和粗蛋白含量均高于对照组,但差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。肝胰腺RNA含量和总蛋白(TP)含量均随饲料中mix-NT添加量的增加而升高,其中0.2~1.0 g/kg组的肝胰腺RNA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),TP含量差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05);各mixNT添加组的肠道TP含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.4和0.6 g/kg组的肠道RNA量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。外源mix-NT显著降低血清尿酸(UA)含量(P<0.05),但对TP、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。当mix-NT添加量为1.2 g/kg 饲料时,血清中谷草转氨酶(GOt)活性显著性升高(P<0.05)。鳃和肌肉酚氧化酶(PO)活性均在0.4 g/kg组达到最大,其中0.1～0.6 g/kg 组的鳃PO活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而各组肌肉PO活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和血清中溶菌酶(LZM)活性随饲料中mix-NT添加量的增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲料中添加一定量的5种核苷酸混合物能显著提高凡纳滨对虾幼虾的增重率、特定生长率、摄食量、蛋白质沉积率、全虾粗脂肪和灰分含量,一定程度提高全虾粗蛋白和肝胰腺总蛋白含量,显著增加肝胰腺RNA、肠道总蛋白和RNA含量,提高对虾的非特异性免疫功能。  相似文献   

5.
在基础饲料中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌(添加水平分别为0、50、150 mg Zn/kg)并饲喂凡纳滨对虾,养殖14 d后,取样测定对虾鳃组织中Toll受体mRNA和溶菌酶mRNA的表达水平以及肝胰腺、肌肉和血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活性,并进行溶藻弧菌人工急性感染试验。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺及肌肉中锌蓄积水平随饲料锌添加量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),肝胰腺中锌蓄积更明显。添加50 mg Zn/kg组(锌含量为73.25 mg Zn/kg饲料)对虾鳃组织中的Toll受体mRNA和溶菌酶mRNA表达量均显著高于未添加锌组和添加150 mg Zn/kg组(P<0.05)。添加50 mg Zn/kg组对虾肌肉、肝胰腺和血淋巴中溶菌酶活性显著高于未添加锌组(P<0.05)。添加50 mg Zn/kg组对虾肝胰腺和血淋巴中的SOD活性也显著高于未添加锌组,但与添加150 mg Zn/kg组无显著差异。而肌肉中SOD活性在添加150 mg Zn/kg组中最高。经溶藻弧菌人工急性感染后,添加50 mg Zn/kg组对虾半致死时间和全致死时间大于未添加锌组和添加150 mg Zn/kg组。本研究表明,相比摄食未添加锌组饲料和添加150 mg Zn/kg组饲料,凡纳滨对虾的免疫抗菌机能在摄取添加50 mg Zn/kg(锌含量为73.25 mg Zn/kg饲料)饲料时得到改善。  相似文献   

6.
为探究饲料中茶树油与虾青素对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫相关基因表达的影响, 设计了 6 组等氮等能饲料, 分别为基础饲料组(CT)、50 mg/kg 虾青素组(AS50)、50 mg/kg 虾青素与 50 mg/kg 茶树油组(AS50+AST50)、50 mg/kg 虾青素与 100 mg/kg 茶树油组(AS50+AST100)、50 mg/kg 虾青素与 200 mg/kg 茶树油组(AS50+AST200)、50 mg/kg 虾青素与 400 mg/kg 茶树油组(AS50+AST400), 进行了 8 周的养殖实验。添加了虾青素后, AS50 组与 CT 组相比, 饵料系数显著降低(P＜0.05), 末均重、增重率、特定生长率虽有提高但差异不显著(P＞0.05), 血淋巴及肠道中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P＜0.05), 肠道丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P＜0.05), Crustin、Astacidin、CuZnSOD 以及 HSP70 基因表达显著升高(P＜0.05)。添加了虾青素与茶树油后, AS50+AST100 组末均重, 增重率, 特定生长率, 总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著高于 AS50 和 CT 组(P＜0.05), 肠道丙二醛含量显著低于 AS50 组和 CT 组(P＜0.05)。肠道组织 Crustin 与 Astacidin 基因随茶树油含量提高, 其表达量呈升高趋势, AS50+ AST50 组显著低于其余各组(P＜0.05), CuZnSOD 表达量随茶树油浓度提高呈先升高后降低趋势, AS50+AST50 以及 AS50+AST100 显著高于其余各组(P＜0.05)。HSP70 表达量随茶树油含量的提高与对照 CT 组差异显著(P＜0.05)。 研究结果显示, 饲料中存在 50 mg/kg 虾青素条件下, 添加 100 mg/kg 茶树油可以提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化能力与免疫能力, 促进生长。  相似文献   

7.
在人工繁殖水母的饵料中添加食用性人工合成色素、人工合成荧光色素、天然虾青素、铁元素和饲喂含有色素的海蜇等,测定水母采食饵料后感官指标、酪氨酸酶活力和总类胡萝卜素含量的变化,分析添加物质对水母生理机能的影响。试验结果显示,4种人工食用色素均能大大提升水母的观赏性,但颜色保持时间短,3 h后,所有水母均恢复原来的体色,水母状态未发现改变。水母注射水溶性荧光色素,10 h后才能通过水循环扩散到全身,荧光色维持时间可达30 d。水母饲喂天然虾青素、铁元素和含有色素的海蜇1个月后,肉眼观察,海蜇组的水母比对照组的水母颜色深,而虾青素组、FeSO_4组与对照组差异不明显。各组酪氨酸酶活力和总胡萝卜素含量均较低。组内个体间酪氨酸酶活力差异较大,但各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。总胡萝卜素在450 nm处吸收值最高。海蜇组水母的酪氨酸酶活力和总胡萝卜素含量均最高,分别为0.133 U/mL和251.01 mg/kg。虾青素组酪氨酸酶活力最低,为0.109 U/mL。食用色素组总胡萝卜素含量最低,仅为158.83 mg/kg,酪氨酸酶活力仅高于虾青素组,可能与色素并未在表皮和中胶层形成色素沉淀有关。试验结果表明,人工添加色素能获得颜色各异的水母,水溶性荧光色素能长期保存在动物体内,可作为体色调控色素。水母的色素合成与酪氨酸酶活力和总胡萝卜素含量有关。  相似文献   

8.
为探究胆汁酸对高脂饲料饲喂下大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长生理、脂代谢和胆汁酸代谢的影响, 配制基础饲料(脂肪含量 10.6%, 对照组 C)、高脂饲料(脂肪含量 17.5%, 高脂组 HF)、高脂饲料+300 mg/kg 胆汁酸 (HFB1)、高脂饲料+600 mg/kg 胆汁酸(HFB2)、高脂饲料+900 mg/kg 胆汁酸(HFB3) 5 种试验饲料。将 750 尾大口黑鲈随机分为 5 组, 每个组设置 3 个平行缸, 每缸 50 尾, 进行 7 周养殖实验。结果表明: 高脂饲料显著降低大口黑鲈生长性能, 而添加胆汁酸后可改善高脂饲料对大口黑鲈生长的不利影响。饲喂高脂饲料组血浆和肝脏中甘油三酯 (TG)含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。添加胆汁酸后, 肝脏中 TG 含量显著降低(P＜0.05), 而血浆中 TG 含量在胆汁酸添加量为 900 mg/kg 时显著下降(P＜0.05)。肝脏和血浆中总胆酸(TBA)含量随着胆汁酸添加量的升高而显著增加(P＜0.05)。 胆汁酸添加量为 600 mg/kg 时, 肝脏中法尼醇 X 受体基因(fxr)表达量上调(P＜0.05), 胆汁酸合成和转运相关基因 (cyp7a1、bsep、asbt)均显著上调(P＜0.05)。同时对脂代谢相关基因表达进行检测, 发现 fxr 诱导 shp 的表达, 抑制肝脏中 srebp1 及脂肪合成相关基因(fas、acc2)的表达。此外, 胆汁酸增加肝脏中脂肪分解和 β 氧化相关基因(lpl、 hl、hsl、cpt1、acox1)的表达水平。综上所述, 高脂饲料中添加胆汁酸可改善大口黑鲈生长性能, 通过 FXR/SHP/ SREBP1 信号通路调节脂质代谢, 并促进胆汁酸合成和循环, 本研究为进一步研究胆汁酸在鱼类中的营养调控作用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

9.
曾霖  雷霁霖  刘滨  洪万树  艾春香  朱建新 《水产学报》2013,37(10):1535-1541
将平均体质量为(7.16±0.07)g的大菱鲆幼鱼分别饲养在不同盐度(12、18、24、30和36)的水体中60 d,以探讨盐度对幼鱼特定生长率、生长激素、成活率、摄食率、饲料效率和肌肉营养成分的影响。结果表明:大菱鲆幼鱼在盐度分别为18、24、30和36的水体中均生长良好,成活率为100%,特定生长率分别为1.97、1.87、1.87和2.00 %/d;在盐度为12的水体中,幼鱼的成活率和特定生长率均显著低于盐度30组(对照组)(P<0.05),分别为80.77%和1.45 %/d。生长激素为0.41～1.66 ng/mL时,盐度18和36组均显著高于盐度30组(P<0.05),而盐度12组显著低于盐度30组(P<0.05)。饲料效率为1.12%～1.38%时,盐度18、24和36组均显著高于盐度30组(P<0.05),而盐度12组显著低于盐度30组(P<0.05)。摄食率为1.19～1.28 %/d时,盐度12和24组均显著低于盐度30组(P<0.05),其它盐度组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。幼鱼特定生长率随血清生长激素和饲料效率的升高而增大,与盐度的相关性不显著。幼鱼肌肉中的粗蛋白质含量随水体盐度的升高而降低,除盐度12和18组之间无显著性差异外(P>0.05),其余各盐度组之间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);盐度12组幼鱼肌肉中的粗脂肪低于其它盐度组,灰分显著高于其它盐度组(P<0.05),其余各盐度组之间粗脂肪和灰分均无显著性差异(P>0.05);各盐度组之间幼鱼肌肉中的水分均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,适当降低盐度可改善大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉品质,其适宜盐度为18。  相似文献   

10.
以尼罗罗非鱼［体重(100.39±17.83) g］为实验对象,小麦基础饲料为对照,小麦基础饲料中分别添加不同水平的木聚糖酶(0.05%、0.10%、0.15%)作为实验饲料。每个处理设5个重复,每个重复放养40尾雄性尼罗罗非鱼。饱食投喂,饲养78 d后测定尼罗罗非鱼肠道细菌总量,并对需氧菌和厌氧菌进行鉴定,旨在研究木聚糖酶调控肠道菌群、促进尼罗罗非鱼生长的机理。结果表明,0.10%组和0.15%组前肠需氧菌数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),0.05%组、0.10%组和0.15%组中肠需氧菌数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组后肠需氧菌数量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。0.15%组前肠厌氧菌数量比对照组、0.05%组和0.10%组分别降低76.85%(P<0.05)、75.62%(P<0.05)、75.83%(P<0.05)。0.10%组和0.15%组中肠厌氧菌数量显著低于对照组和0.05%组(P<0.05)。0.05%组、0.10%组和0.15%组后肠厌氧菌数量分别比对照组降低13.13%(P>0.05)、48.30%(P<0.05)、60.62%(P<0.05)。小麦基础饲料中添加木聚糖酶,主要影响需氧菌Ent.,Bac.和厌氧菌Bact.,Bif.,Lac.的组成比例。0.05%组、0.10%组和0.15%组前肠Ent.比例较对照组分别降低13.16%(P>0.05)、29.61%(P<0.05)、49.34%(P<0.05)。实验组前肠Bac.比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.10%组和0.15%组中肠、后肠Bac.比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.15%组前肠Lac.比例显著高于对照组和0.05%组(P<0.05)。对照组前肠Bact.比例显著高于0.10%组和0.15%组(P<0.05)。实验组中肠Bif.组成比例较对照组有显著提高(P<0.05)。0.15%组中肠Lac.比例显著高于对照组和0.05%组(P<0.05)。0.10%组和0.15%组中肠Bact.比例较对照组明显下降(P<0.05)。本研究认为,小麦基础饲料中添加木聚糖酶,可以调控尼罗罗非鱼肠道菌群,降低肠道致病菌Ent.和Bact.的组成比例,提高有益菌Bac.,Bif.和Lac.的组成比例。  相似文献   

11.
Rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 160 g were fed during 42 days diets containing varied keto‐carotenoids astaxanthin (Ax)/canthaxanthin (Cx) ratio, as follows: Ax 100% : Cx 0%; Ax 75% : Cx 25%; Ax 50% : Cx 50%; Ax 25% : Cx 75% and Ax 0% : Cx 100%. Muscle colour and carotenoid muscle retention were studied. Colour parameter values for mixed astaxanthin–canthaxanthin‐fed fish were intermediate between those obtained for Ax 0% : Cx 100% fed fish group and for Ax 100% : Cx 0% fed fish group. Concerning muscle carotenoid retention, it has been observed that as the level of canthaxanthin in diet increased, the muscle total carotenoid retention decreased. In the mean time, as the level of canthaxanthin in diet increased, the muscle astaxanthin retention decreased while that of canthaxanthin increased. The results reported here provide further evidence of non‐beneficial effects in terms of muscle colour and muscle carotenoid retention of the use of varying dietary astaxanthin/canthaxanthin ratio for feeding rainbow trout compared to values obtained for astaxanthin‐only feed.  相似文献   

12.
The characteristic pink colour of salmonid flesh is a result of deposition of naturally occurring carotenoid pigments. Achieving successful pigmentation in farmed salmonids is a vital aspect of fish farming and commercial feed production. Currently commercial diets for farmed salmonids contain either or both of the synthetic pigments commercially available, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. ( = 220 g initial weight) were given feeds where the pigment source was astaxanthin only, canthaxanthin only or a astaxanthin/canthaxanthin mix. The rearing environment was 12 × 3 m tanks supplied with sea water at the EWOS research farm Lønningdal, near Bergen, Norway. As the proportion of dietary canthaxanthin increased, flesh pigment levels also showed an increase; the pigment content in the muscle of canthaxanthin‐only fed fish was 0.4 mg kg?1 (or 14%) higher than that of the astaxanthin‐only fed fish, with the mixed pigment fed fish being intermediate between the two extremes. Results of cross‐section assessment for Minolta colorimeter redness (a*) values and Roche SalmofanTM scores also showed an increase in colour with increasing proportions of canthaxanthin in the feed. The data reported clearly indicates that S. salar ( = 810 g final weight) of this size deposit canthaxanthin more efficiently than they do astaxanthin. These results contrast with those obtained by other authors with rainbow trout, Oncorynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and imply that the absorption or utilization of the pigments differs between species.  相似文献   

13.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a mean (sd) weight of 120 (2) g were fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin extracted from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (OY1 = 50 mg carotenoids kg–1 feed, OY2 = 100 mg carotenoids kg–1 feed), astaxanthin (AX = 100 mg astaxanthin kg–1 feed) and canthaxanthin (CX = 100 mg canthaxanthin kg–1 feed) for 4 weeks. Muscle analyses at the end of the experiment indicated a significantly higher carotenoid concentration in the AX group, while CX and OY1 groups were similar in spite of the differences in dietary concentration. The measure of total muscle colour difference (E* ab) between initial samples and 4 week ones was higher for the AX fish group but showed no significant difference between OY1, OY2, and CX. The hue and the reflectance ratio (R650:R510) of fish muscle increased in proportion to carotenoid intake. Digestibility (ADC) of yeast astaxanthin in OY1 and OY2 groups was significantly higher than that in the AX group. Canthaxanthin ADC was about one sixth of that of astaxanthin (AX group). Carotenoid retention in the muscle, expressed as a percentage of carotenoid intake, was higher for the AX group than that recorded for OY1 and OY2. According to ADC, carotenoid retention showed a marked lower value for the CX group. Muscle retentions were similar for astaxanthins from both sources.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this study was to clarify further the relationship between dietary keto-carotenoids (canthaxanthin and astaxanthin) and reproductive performance in female rainbow trout. Three experiments were undertaken in three successive breeding seasons. In addition to a control diet, fish were fed a canthaxanthin-supplemented diet (200 mg canthaxanthin kg−1 feed, designated as 6mC200) for 6 months prior to spawning (experiment A); the same diet as in A but for either 3 months (3mC200) or 6 months (6mC200) before spawning (experiment B); diets with one of two levels of astaxanthin supplementation, 50 mg (6mA50) or 100 mg (6mA100) kg−1 feed, or a diet with 100 mg canthaxanthin kg−1 feed (6mC100) fed for 6 months (experiment C).
There was no significant influence of carotenoid supplementation on either the frequency of maturing females or the date of maturation. The number of ova per kg of female body weight averaged 2700 and did not vary significantly among fish fed the different diets. Across experiments A, B and C there was no significant difference in egg and larval survival among fish fed carotenoid-supplemented and control diets. In experiment A, 6mC200 females produced smaller eggs than controls but this result was not confirmed in experiments B and C. In general, eyed egg yield appeared partly dependent upon egg size. Alevin weight was also correlated with egg weight. The growth test conducted on fingerlings from experiment B failed to provide any evidence of an effect of feeding carotenoid supplemented diets to the female parent. Pigment analyses conducted on alevins revealed that canthaxanthin fed to the female parent was transferred into the eggs and therefore to the larvae, although canthaxanthin was metabolized within a few weeks after hatching.  相似文献   

15.
An experiment was conducted to examine carotenoid depletion in the muscle of rainbow trout. After 4 weeks of ingestion of canthaxanthin, fish were divided into two groups: the first was fed the same diet but without the canthaxanthin, the second was starved. Lipid and canthaxanthin levels in epaxial muscle were followed for 38 days. The lipid content increased (× 1.84) in fed fish and remained stable in those which were starved. Fed fish lost more canthaxanthin than starved fish. The ratio of the relative weight gain of canthaxanthin to that of the lipids was higher in starved than in fed fish (0.91 and 0.69 respectively). It is concluded that an internal redistribution of canthaxanthin takes place in the absence of an intake of the pigment. These results also show that the muscle of rainbow trout has a high storage capacity.  相似文献   

16.
Effects of porcine bile extracts added at three different dietary concentrations 0, 10 and 20 g kg?1 were studied on astaxanthin serum concentration in rainbow trout (mean weight 200 ± 7 g). Astaxanthin from micro‐algae Haematococcus pluvialis and synthetic astaxanthin (CAROPHYLL® pink) were incorporated in diets of rainbow trout at a rate of 100 mg astaxanthin kg?1 of feed. Fish were hand fed twice a day. After 5 days of feeding there was a significant effect of the pigment source on the ratio (total blood astaxanthin per unit body weight to cumulative astaxanthin intake per unit body weight). Trout receiving synthetic astaxanthin showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher ratio than trout fed algal astaxanthin. Increasing dietary bile extract did not lead to produce any effect on this ratio. The power of the statistical analysis is discussed. Therefore, the interaction (pigment source × dietary bile concentration) showed no more effect.  相似文献   

17.
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of four astaxanthin preparations with different ratio of E/Z (trans/cis) isomers and different coating materials on the pigmentation and antioxidation properties of rainbow trout. Five diets were designed as basal diet (without astaxanthin supplementation) and four astaxanthin diets (100 mg/kg diet) supplemented with four astaxanthin products, BASF (79% all‐E, gelatin coated), Wisdom‐B (85% all‐E, gelatin coated), Wisdom‐C (94% all‐E, carrageenan coated), and Wisdom‐D (94% all‐E, gelatin coated). After 4 wk feeding, the flesh astaxanthin content, redness, and yellowness of astaxanthin‐supplemented groups were higher than those of control group at the second and fourth week (P < 0.05). Among these astaxanthin‐supplemented groups, the Wisdom‐B group had the highest flesh redness and astaxanthin content. The astaxanthin‐supplemented groups also had the lower flesh frozen loss and malondialdehyde level than control group at the fourth week (P < 0.05). The results indicated that dietary 100 mg/kg astaxanthin could improve the flesh redness and antioxidation abilities of rainbow trout. The ration of E/Z isomers and properties of coating materials of astaxanthin preparations influenced the pigmentation and antioxidation properties, and Wisdom‐B had a better pigmentation effect on the flesh than other astaxanthin preparations.  相似文献   

18.
The deposition of natural, optically active, astaxanthin fatty acid esters in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) was studied. Mono-esterified and di-esterified (3 S ,3' S ) astaxanthin were purified from the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis and incorporated into extruded diets and compared with diets containing synthetic racemic astaxanthin (Carophyll Pink) and a total carotenoid extract from the alga. All sources of astaxanthin achieved >4 mg kg−1 in the white muscle after 6 weeks feeding. No significant difference ( P  > 0.05) between the deposition of astaxanthin or total carotenoid for the different diets was observed. Other xanthophylls, namely lutein, zeaxanthin and idoxanthin were found in the white muscle of rainbow trout fed all diets and together accounted for 10–14% of total carotenoid. Astaxanthin was deposited in the white muscle in the stereochemical form administered in the diet, i.e. racemic astaxanthin for Carophyll Pink and ˜100% (3 S ,3' S )-astaxanthin for the algal sources. In contrast, epimerization of (3 S ,3' S ) astaxanthin from the alga was observed for the astaxanthin esters deposited in the skin of rainbow trout, with a ratio close to 1.0:2.0:1.0 (3 S ,3' S :3 R ,3' S :3 R ,3' R ).  相似文献   

19.
Apparent digestibility, deposition and retention of carotenoids in the muscle of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were investigated comparing the feeding of pigments from Chlorella vulgaris against commercially available pigments at two different total lipid contents (15% and 20% lipid). Algal biomass (ALG) was included in rainbow trout diets and muscle pigmentation was compared to that obtained in trout fed diets containing a 5:3 mixture of canthaxanthin and astaxanthin (MIX) (reflecting the relative concentrations of these carotenoids in the dry alga) or those fed a diet containing astaxanthin only (AST). Apparent digestibilities of pigments and nutrients were determined by the indirect method, using Cr2 O3 as indicator, and the colour intensity and pigment concentration were assessed in the muscle, using the Roche colour card for salmonids and UV-vis spectrophotometry. After 6 weeks feeding, colour intensity was similar for the various pigment sources, achieving levels 12 to 13, yet significantly higher in fish fed the diet with the higher lipid content ( 20%) (p<0.05). Pigment concentration in the muscle was also higher in the fish fed the high-fat diet. Muscle pigment concentrations were similar for fish fed diets ALG and MIX, and over 1.5 times higher than for diet AST (p<0.05) after 6 weeks. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, lipid, total energy and specific carotenoid concentrations were also measured. Increased dietary fat content was shown to increase the deposition and the retention of carotenoids in muscle, and the difference increased with time (deposition increase of 10–20% at week 3 and 30–40% at week 6 and retention increase of 10–15% at week 3 and 30% at week 6). Pigment digestibility also apparently increases (10–20%) under those conditions despite the fact that no significant effects in terms of apparent digestibility increase were found for dry matter, protein, lipids or energy. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998  相似文献   

20.
This study assessed the effects of three kinds of carotenoids on the body colour of solid red discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus axelrodi Schultz, 1960). Astaxanthin, xanthophylls and canthaxanthin were added into the beef heart diet at the level of 350 mg kg?1 respectively. In the astaxanthin group (group A), the carotenoid concentration (CC) in the skin and dorsal fin reached saturation levels on days 40 and 20 respectively. However, CC consistently increased in the muscle. In the xanthophyll group (group B), CC in the skin increased through day 20; CC in the dorsal fin increased from days 10 to 20. In the canthaxanthin group (group C), CC in the skin increased during the first 20 days, reaching saturation levels on day 10 in the dorsal fin and muscle. On day 50, CC in the skin and muscle of group A was significantly higher than that of groups B or C. There were no significant differences in dorsal fin CC among the groups; however, CC in group C reached saturation levels in the shortest time. Therefore, astaxanthin was the most effective pigment for the skin and muscle; xanthophyll was the most effective pigment for the dorsal fin.  相似文献   

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