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1.
M A Muneer J A Newman D A Halvorson V Sivanandan K V Nagaraja C N Coon 《Research in veterinary science》1988,45(1):22-27
Twenty-four-week-old white Leghorn layers were inoculated subcutaneously with a killed Newcastle disease-infectious bronchitis (Massachusetts type) virus (MIBV) vaccine. Twenty-eight weeks after vaccination, the birds were challenged intraocularly with the Arkansas strain of infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) to determine the effects of heterologous virus exposure on egg production, egg quality and serum antibody response of the birds. The challenged hens laid significantly (P less than 0.005) fewer eggs than the unchallenged layers. Eggs laid by the unchallenged groups weighed significantly more (P less than 0.005) than those laid by the challenged groups. Further, the internal quality (Haugh units) and shell quality of eggs laid by the AIBV-challenged hens was significantly (P less than 0.005) inferior to those from the unchallenged hens. In addition, the AIBV-challenged hens laid more soft-shell, misshapen and small eggs than the unchallenged hens. The Arkansas serum haemagglutination inhibition (AIBV-HI) titres of AIBV challenged birds increased up to four weeks after challenge. The corresponding MIBV haemagglutination-inhibition (MIBV-HI) titres decreased during the same period. The study indicates that killed MIBV vaccine offered no protection to birds exposed to heterologous AIBV. 相似文献
2.
Bwala DG Clift S Duncan NM Bisschop SP Oludayo FF 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):520-528
The control of Newcastle disease (ND) in South Africa has proved difficult since 2002 following the introduction of lineage 5d/VIId Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain ("goose paramyxovirus" - GPMV) to which commercially available ND vaccines appeared less effective. Most of the ND infections, even in fully vaccinated hens were characterized consistently by a drop in egg production. In this study, commercial and SPF hens-in-lay were vaccinated with La Sota vaccine and challenged with a GPMV isolate. Immunohistochemical labeling was used to determine the distribution of viral antigen in the oviduct of the hens. Following reports that cloacal vaccination offered better protection against egg production losses than the oro-nasal route, the efficacy of cloacal and ocular routes of vaccination against challenge were compared. Results showed that La Sota vaccine offered birds 100% protection against the virulent ND (GPMV) virus challenge from clinical disease and death, but not against infection and replication of the GPMV, as birds showed varying degrees of macropathology. Histopathology of the oviduct of infected birds revealed multifocal lymphocytic inflammation in the interstitium as well as mild glandular ectasia and mild edema. Finely granular NDV-specific immunolabeling was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and mononuclear (lymphohistiocytic) cells in the interstitium of the oviduct. Both vaccine and virulent GPMV showed greatest tropism for the uterus (versus the magnum and isthmus). There was no clear difference in the protection of the oviduct and in the distribution of oviductal GPMV antigens between the two routes of vaccination. 相似文献
3.
Commercially-reared laying chickens were challenged at 31 weeks of age with a virulent infectious bronchitis (IB) virus. They showed a sharp drop in egg production, despite having been vaccinated at four and eight weeks old with live attenuated IB vaccines to a recommended schedule. In contrast, similar birds that had been further immunised at point-of-lay with inactivated oil emulsion IB vaccine, or with a combined IB/Newcastle disease (ND) emulsion vaccine, showed no detectable fall in egg production after the same challenge. Unvaccinated susceptible specific pathogen-free birds challenged at the same time stopped laying almost completely. In the birds revaccinated with emulsion vaccine, measurement of haemagglutination inhibition antibody levels to IB showed their geometric mean titres to be raised from less than 5 log2 at the time of vaccination to over 10 log2 four weeks later. Their antibody levels did not rise further followining the IB challenge whereas in the birds that had not been revaccinated antibody rises to nearly 10 log2 were detected after the same challenge. For pullets vaccinated earlier with live IB vaccine, revaccination with inactivated IB or IB/ND oil emulsion vaccine at point-of-lay provides a safe and effective way of protecting their egg production against IB infection. 相似文献
4.
Wieliczko A Mazurkiewicz M Piasecki T Kuszczyński T 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2004,7(2):143-147
The ILT case was observed in laying hen farm where birds of different age (from 40 to 107 weeks) were kept in 10 flocks. A rapid spread of the disease, the decrease in egg production (in flock No. 1 it reached 58%) and higher mortality (the highest in 76 and 77 week-old birds, accounting for 0.11% and 0.36%, respectively ) was recorded during first 2 weeks of disease. Antibodies against ILT virus were detected in serum of the examined birds during the whole observation period (50 weeks after the disease outbreak). The laying hens were vaccinated at 8 weeks of age and boosted after 5 weeks. The vaccine was applied in drinking water, in a dose twice as high as usually recommended per one bird. Immunopropylaxis efficiency was estimated on the basis of immunological response in birds (serum samples, ILT ELISA kit, Guildhay Ltd.) and general health status of hens in flocks. Postvaccinal immunity, the presence of specific antibodies against ILT, was observed in all birds during the observation period (51 weeks). During that time GMT value ranged from 8261,3 (week 10) to 5196 (week 51) after the second vaccination, and CV amounted in this period to 41.1% and 51%, respectively. Subsequently, clinical symptoms of the disease disappeared and the egg production, as well as mortality, returned to the level of technological norms for laying hens. 相似文献
5.
Erysipelas was diagnosed in 1998 from 34-wk-old laying hens in a free range flock in Germany. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of serotype 1 was cultured from internal organs of the affected birds. This article describes the pathogenicity of the field isolate of E. rhusiopathiae in experimentally infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) laying hens. Three experiments were performed with SPF chickens inoculated at 17, 27, and 37 wk of age by either intramuscular (IM) or oral route. Inoculated birds were observed for 14 days. The highest mortality rates occurred in older birds, with 100% mortality observed in the 37-wk-old birds inoculated IM, 60% mortality reported in the younger 27-wk-old birds, and no mortality in the 17-wk-old age group. In the orally infected 27-wk-old birds, 40% mortality was detected, whereas no mortality was observed in the oldest birds by the same route. The results of the experiments support the contention that older birds are more sensitive to infection than younger birds and that mortality in laying hens is age related and dependent on the route of infection. 相似文献
6.
Rhode Island Red laying hens that lacked hemagglutination-inhibition antibody were inoculated orally with the JPA-1 strain of adenovirus isolated from a flock affected with egg-drop syndrome-1976 in Japan and observed for 80 days. Inoculated hens laid abnormal eggs, such as shell-less, soft-shelled, and cracked eggs and those with loss of pigmentation, from 8 days postinoculation (PI). Fifteen out of 16 hens laid abnormal eggs. Egg-production rte fell from 94% to 50% between 13 and 16 days PI. When the abnormal eggs were excluded, egg production was 17%; then it recoverd slowly, reaching 67% by the end of the experiment. The virus was recovered from various organs of inoculated hens from 3 to 7 days PI. Fluorescent antigens of the virus were observed in the epithelial cells and desquamated cells from the epithelium of the uterus and isthmus 10 and 14 days PI. 相似文献
7.
Studies were performed to determine if mucosal vaccination with inactivated avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype C protected turkey poults from clinical disease and virus replication following mucosal challenge. Decreases in clinical disease were not observed in vaccinated groups, and the vaccine failed to inhibit virus replication in the tracheas of 96% of vaccinated birds. Histopathologically, enhancement of pulmonary lesions following virus challenge was associated with birds receiving the inactivated aMPV vaccine compared to unvaccinated birds. As determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), all virus-challenged groups increased serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibody production against the virus following challenge; however, the unvaccinated aMPV-challenged group displayed the highest increases in virus-neutralizing antibody. On the basis of these results it is concluded that intranasal vaccination with inactivated aMPV does not induce protective immunity, reduce virus shedding, or result in decreased histopathologic lesions. 相似文献
8.
试验旨在了解产蛋鸡对犬瘟热病毒(canine distemper virus,CDV)抗原的免疫反应及其血清抗体和卵黄抗体的消长规律,为制备卵黄抗体提供依据。将CDV接种Vero细胞和DF1细胞进行传代并测定其病毒滴度,选取细胞病变出现早、病毒滴度高的Vero细胞毒作为接种病毒抗原免疫蛋鸡。每10 d免疫蛋鸡1次,第4次免疫后每30 d加强免疫1次。免疫前及免疫后每10 d采血分离血清,每5 d收集鸡蛋提取卵黄抗体,用琼脂扩散法和间接ELISA法测定其抗体水平。结果显示,血清抗体比卵黄抗体的滴度高,两者呈正相关性,卵黄抗体出现较血清抗体迟3~5 d,卵黄抗体在第3次免疫后3~5 d就已达到较高水平,此时即可开始收集鸡蛋制备卵黄抗体。 相似文献
9.
鸡黄病毒FQ—C1株经SPF鸡胚连续传40代后,检测其尿囊液毒的ELD50达到1×10^-4.33／0．1mL。将该病毒第40代SPF鸡胚液毒灭活后制备成油乳剂灭活疫苗。SPF雏鸡和蛋鸡安全性试验表明,该疫苗的安全性好,无不良影响。以该疫苗一次单剂量（1mI／只）免疫开产蛋鸡,28d后攻以鸡黄病毒强毒测定疫苗的保护效果,结果显示疫苗免疫组较未免疫组蛋鸡的产蛋率高出75．8％,产蛋保护率达93．2％以上。试验表明,本研究制备的鸡黄病毒灭活疫苗安全性好,且具有良好的免疫原性,免疫后可有效抵抗鸡黄病毒所致的产蛋骤降。 相似文献
10.
Twenty-four-week-old white leghorn layers were inoculated subcutaneously with a killed Newcastle-infectious bronchitis (Massachusetts type) virus (MIBV) vaccine. The birds were challenged 194 days later intraocularly with Arkansas strain of infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV). The challenged hens laid significantly (P less than 0.005) fewer eggs than the unchallenged layers, and the eggs laid by the challenged groups weighed significantly less (P less than 0.001) than those laid by the unchallenged groups. Further, the internal quality (Haugh units) and shell quality of eggs laid by the challenged hens were significantly (P less than 0.005) inferior to the quality of eggs from unchallenged hens, and the challenged hens laid more soft-shelled, misshapen, and small-sized eggs than the unchallenged hens. The Arkansas serum hemagglutination-inhibition (AIBV-HI) titers of challenged birds increased continuously through 29 days post-challenge. The MIBV hemagglutination-inhibition (MIBV-HI) titers of killed-MIBV-vaccinated birds decreased during the same period. The study indicates that killed MIBV vaccine offered no protection to birds exposed to AIBV. The same vaccine was quite effective against a homologous (MIBV) virus challenge. 相似文献
11.
Most of the studies regarding the immunopathogenesis of avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) have been done with subtype C of aMPV. Not much is known about the immunopathogenesis of aMPV subtypes A and B in turkeys. Specifically, local immune reactions have not been investigated yet. We conducted two experiments in commercial turkeys. We investigated local and systemic humoral and cell mediated immune reactions following infection with an attenuated vaccine strain of aMPV subtype B (Experiment I) and virulent strains of aMPV subtypes A and B (Experiment II). Turkeys infected with virulent aMPV strains developed mild respiratory signs while birds inoculated with the attenuated aMPV did not show any clinical signs. Virus neutralizing antibodies were detected locally in tracheal washes and systemically in serum as soon as 5-7 days post aMPV infection (PI) independent of the strain used. Virus neutralizing antibody titres peaked at 7 days PI and then antibody levels declined. The peak of serum ELISA antibody production varied between infected groups and ranged from 14 and 28 days PI. All aMPV strains induced an increase in the percentage of CD4+ T cell populations in spleen and Harderian gland at days 7 or 14 PI. Furthermore, as shown in Experiment I, infection with the attenuated aMPV-B strain stimulated spleen leukocytes to release significantly higher levels of interferons (IFNs), interleukin-6 and nitric oxide in ex vivo culture in comparison to virus-free controls up to 7 days PI (P<0.05). As detected by quantitative real time RT-PCR in Experiment II, infection with virulent aMPV induced an increased IFNgamma expression in the Harderian gland in comparison to virus-free controls. IFNgamma expression in the spleen varied between aMPV strains and days PI. Overall, our study demonstrates that aMPV subtypes A and B infection induced humoral and cell mediated immune reactions comparable to subtype C infections. We observed only temporary stimulation of serum virus neutralizing antibodies and of most of the local immune reactions independent of the aMPV strain used. The temporary character of immune reactions may explain the short duration of protection against challenge following aMPV vaccination in the field. 相似文献
12.
从发病蛋鸡群分离到H9N2亚型禽流感病毒TJ1株,对其进行了系统的生物学特性鉴定.结果表明,分离毒TJ1株具有血凝性,且凝集不被新城疫和产蛋下降综合征抗血清抑制,而被H9亚型禽流感病毒标准阳性血清抑制,禽流感琼扩试验结果为阳性,在电镜下呈典型的流感病毒粒子形态,证明该毒株为A型流感病毒;通过致病力试验,分离毒TJ1株对6周龄SPF鸡无致病性,为低致病性毒株;用其制备成油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫雏鸡,能很快产生对H9特异的血凝抑制抗体,于免疫后3周攻毒,可以保护雏鸡抵御同病毒攻击的感染,表明分离毒TJ1株具有良好的免疫原性. 相似文献
13.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(2):168-176
Inactivated avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) or turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus vaccine was prepared from an Egyptian strain (Giza TRT-4). The virus was propagated in Vero cells and inactivated by binary ethyleneimine. The inactivated virus solution was tested for its sterility, purity, and safety. Then, it was mixed withNigella sativa oil as nonspecific immune-stimulant adjuvant. Physical characterization of oil prepared vaccine like viscosity and emulsion stability was investigated. An experiment was designed to evaluate the locally prepared aMPV vaccine in a comparison to commercial vaccines either inactivated or live attenuated. The obtained results showed that the locally prepared aMPV vaccine gave significantly higher humoral immune response when measured by ELISA and significantly higher cell mediated immunity by evaluating phagocytic activity of inoculated turkey poults with higher protection rate reached up to 100% after challenge with wild-type virus. 相似文献
14.
为了解产蛋鸡对犬瘟热病毒杭原的免疫反应及其血清抗体和卵黄抗体的消长规律及相关性,为制备卵黄抗体提供依据,将犬瘟热病毒接种Vero细胞和DF1细胞进行传代并测定其病毒滴度,选取细胞病变出现早,病毒滴度高的Vero细胞毒作为接种病毒抗原免疫蛋鸡。通过每10d进行蛋鸡免疫一次,四免后每30d加强免疫一次的方法进行免疫。免疫前和免疫后每10d采血分离血清和每5d收集鸡蛋提取卵黄抗体,用琼脂扩散法和间接ELISA法测定其抗体水平。结果显示,血清抗体比卵黄抗体的滴度高,两者间呈正相关性,卵黄抗体出现较血清抗体迟3～5d,卵黄抗体在三免后3～5d就已达到较高水平,此时即可开始收集鸡蛋制备卵黄抗体。 相似文献
15.
Unvaccinated laying breeder hens and semen-producing toms were susceptible to the CU strain of Pasteurella multocida and highly susceptible to a virulent strain of P. multocida. Laying breeders vaccinated with CU strain when environmental temperatures were low ceased egg production during the first week after vaccination and had 29% mortality, whereas those vaccinated when temperatures were moderate had only a 25% decrease in egg production and 17% mortality. Comparable nonlaying breeders vaccinated during moderate temperatures did not die. Although few semen-producing toms died postvaccination and the quantity and quality of semen was not affected, 21.7% developed torticollis. Laying breeders were protected against CU vaccine and challenge with virulent P. multocida if vaccinated every 4 weeks beginning when 7 weeks old. Potential breeders vaccinated before laying with combinations of 3 vaccinations via drinking water, wing-web puncture, or inoculation into the air spaces of the head through the auditory tube were protected against challenge after the onset of laying. However, vaccination via wing-web puncture at 25 weeks of age resulted in abscesses that failed to resolve. The combination of vaccinations most effective in protecting laying breeders was vaccination in the drinking water at 7 and 11 weeks and inoculation into the air spaces of the head at 15 weeks. 相似文献
16.
饲粮铬对产蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验研究不同铬源和铬水平对注射禽流感疫苗高产蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化特性的影响。选用23周龄罗曼褐产蛋鸡189只,产蛋高峰期注射禽流感H5N1灭活疫苗,按2×5因子的完全随机设计随机分为9个处理组,每个处理7个重复,2种铬源为三氯化铬(CrCl3)和吡啶甲酸铬(Cr-Pic),5个添加铬水平为0、0.4、0.8、1.6mg/kg和3.2mg/kg,试验期42d。结果表明:铬源对料蛋比有显著影响,CrCl3组显著低于Cr-Pic组(P0.10);铬水平对产蛋率、产蛋量、料蛋比、软破蛋率有显著影响(P0.10)。添加CrCl3和Cr-Pic均可提高注射禽流感疫苗高产蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋壳质量,若以经济效应计算,以添加0.8mg/kgCrCl3为最佳。 相似文献
17.
Seventy-seven-week-old white leghorn layers were inoculated intraocularly with the Arkansas strain of infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) to study the effects of the virus on egg production and on antibody response of the birds. Infected hens laid fewer eggs than the controls, and those eggs weighed less than eggs laid by controls. Further, the shell quality and internal quality of eggs laid by infected birds were inferior. The serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers of infected birds increased continuously through 4 weeks postinfection; serum HI titers of the controls were negligible. 相似文献
18.
为掌握禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)在安徽省鸡群中的感染状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对安徽省合肥、亳州、定远、舒城等地区的9个鸡场、7个不同品种(系)鸡群的296份血液样本进行了aMPV血清抗体检测。结果表明,所有被检鸡场均有aMPV感染,鸡场阳性率最高达100%,最低为20%;各品种(系)鸡均有感染,感染率最高的是青脚麻肉鸡,其次分别为科宝肉鸡、海兰蛋鸡、禽粤黄蛋鸡、淮南麻黄鸡、黄羽土鸡和新广麻肉鸡;其中蛋用型鸡血清样本总体阳性率为88.7%,明显高于肉用和兼用型鸡;公鸡和母鸡血清抗体阳性率均较高。研究结果表明,安徽省鸡群aMPV的感染已广泛存在,且不同地区、品种(系)、用途和性别的鸡群均较严重,应根据感染状况尽早制定相应的防控对策。 相似文献
19.
The efficacy of three commercial Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) immunizing agents-a bacterin, a recombinant fowlpox-MG vaccine, and a live F-strain vaccine-was compared in specific-pathogen-free hens in egg production. Three groups of 25 chickens were vaccinated with one of the vaccines at 10 wk of age and 25 birds were not vaccinated. At 25 wk of age (and approximately 50% egg production), 20 birds from each of the three vaccinated groups and 15 nonvaccinated controls were challenged with virulent R-strain via aerosol; the birds were necropsied and evaluated at 10 days post-challenge. The MG bacterin and live F-strain vaccinations were both protective and resulted in significant differences in air sac lesions, tracheal lesions, and ovarian regression compared to the nonvaccinated controls and the recombinant fowlpox-MG vaccine (P < or = 0.05). The evaluation of ovarian regression is a useful method of testing the efficacy of MG vaccines in laying hens. 相似文献
20.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(3):478-485
The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the immunomodular effect of a DNA vaccine based on the fusion (F) gene of avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV) and to study its protection against field virus challenge, as this will help to better control the disease in turkeys. In this study, the F protein of the Egyptian isolate (Giza-turkey rhinotracheitis-4) of the B-subtype of aMPV isolated in 2009 was expressed from a DNA plasmid in Vero cells. After 1 i.m. injection of turkey poults with this plasmid, the antibody response was detected by ELISA. The turkey poults inoculated with locally prepared DNA aMPV vaccine had highly significant phagocytic activity, as measured by phagocytic percent and index of macrophage activation, in comparison to those inoculated with inactivated and live attenuated vaccines and with the noninfected control group. Intratracheal challenge of turkey poults at 21 d postvaccination by a dose of 100 uL of field Egyptian Giza-turkey rhinotracheitis-4 virus of a titer 6 log10 tissue culture infective dose 50 resulted in 100% protection in poults that received locally prepared DNA aMPV vaccine, whereas those that received commercial aMPV vaccines experienced 80 and 90% protection; typical clinical signs of aMPV infection were seen in control nonvaccinated poults. Therefore, a high success rate was noted when using F gene DNA plasmid vaccine by the induction of a potent immunomodular effect for both cell-mediated and humoral immune response. The use of the F gene DNA plasmid vaccine developed in this study provided 100% protection in vaccinated poults, which can help in controlling aMPV infections in turkeys. 相似文献