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针对不隔磁径向流磁流变阀磁力线只在径向阻尼间隙中垂直分布导致压降小的不足,提出并设计了一种隔磁径向流磁流变阀。通过设置隔磁零件来改变磁场结构,使磁力线形成蜿蜒式走向而被引导到不隔磁径向流磁流变阀中未被利用的轴向阻尼间隙,从而增加磁流变阀中产生磁流变效应的工作区域,在不增大阀尺寸前提下实现增加液流通道有效阻尼长度的目的。采用有限元法对外形尺寸和液流通道结构完全相同的不隔磁和隔磁磁流变阀进行建模仿真分析,以观察磁流变阀隔磁和不隔磁结构对磁力线路径和磁感应强度分布规律的影响。同时在动态性能测试平台上对不隔磁和隔磁径向流磁流变阀压降及响应性能进行试验测试对比。仿真和试验结果均表明:隔磁径向流磁流变阀由于设置了隔磁零件,可使磁力线在轴向和径向阻尼间隙中均匀分布,使其压降比不隔磁磁流变阀的压降大。另外,由于轴向阻尼间隙受到磁场的作用,隔磁磁流变阀具有更大的上升响应时间。 相似文献
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针对目前磁流变阀结构单一且体积大的不足,设计了一种结构紧凑的混合流动式磁流变阀,该磁流变阀阻尼间隙液流通道由单个轴向圆环流动、单个径向圆盘流动和单个中心小孔流动串联组合而成。阐述了混合流动式磁流变阀结构及工作原理;分析了励磁线圈作用下有效阻尼间隙处的磁路分布,同时建立了其压降数学模型。采用有限元法对混合流动式磁流变阀电磁场进行了建模仿真,对阻尼间隙处的磁场强度和剪切屈服应力的分布规律进行了分析;仿真结果表明轴向圆环阻尼间隙厚度为1.0 mm,径向圆盘阻尼间隙厚度为0.5 mm,加载电流为1.2 A时磁流变阀压降最大,为3 342 k Pa。对混合流动式磁流变阀压降性能进行了试验测试,具体分析了加载电流以及径向圆盘阻尼间隙厚度对磁流变阀压降的影响,试验结果表明轴向圆环阻尼间隙厚度为1.0 mm,径向圆盘阻尼间隙厚度为0.5 mm,加载电流为1.2 A时磁流变阀压降最大,为2 650 k Pa,试验结果与仿真结果变化趋势基本一致。 相似文献
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设计了一种具有复杂液流通道结构的两级径向流蜿蜒式磁流变阀,其液流通道主要由2段圆环轴向流、4段圆盘径向流及3段中心小孔流组成。阐述了两级径向流蜿蜒式磁流变阀的工作原理,并推导了其压降数学模型。采用有限元法(FEM)对两级径向流蜿蜒式磁流变阀电磁场进行了建模仿真,分析了磁流变阀压降变化规律,仿真结果表明加载电流为0.8 A时压降为5.81 MPa。搭建了磁流变阀压降性能及响应特性测试实验台,对不同加载电流及不同模拟负载下的磁流变阀压降性能进行了实验分析,结果表明加载电流为0.8 A时压降可达5.77 MPa,与仿真结果基本相符。同时,对磁流变阀压力响应时间进行了测试分析,实验结果表明所设计的磁流变阀响应迅速,响应时间在3~7 ms之间;并且响应上升时间比下降时间短;负载对响应时间没有影响;激励电流越大,响应越快。 相似文献
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圆环流磁流变阀压降性能分析与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
磁流变阀是一种以磁流变液为工作介质的智能控制器件,其进出口压差可调且响应速度快的特点使其在减振抗震系统中具有广泛的应用前景。设计了一种典型的阻尼间隙为圆环流动式的圆环流磁流变阀,对其工作原理进行了阐述,同时推导了圆环流磁流变阀的压降数学模型。采用有限元法(FEM)和计算流体力学法(CFD)分别对圆环流磁流变阀的电磁场和流场进行了建模仿真,分析了不同电流下磁流变阀压降变化规律,仿真结果表明圆环流磁流变阀的压降随着加载电流的增大而增大,并且逐渐趋于饱和;同时采用FEM方法得到的最大压降为948 k Pa,采用CFD方法得到的最大压降为1 079 k Pa。搭建了圆环流磁流变阀压降性能试验台,对不同电流及不同负载下的磁流变阀压降性能进行了试验分析,并与仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明试验压降变化趋势与两种仿真方法得出的压降变化基本相符,试验测试得到的最大压降为662 k Pa。同时,试验结果表明外加负载对圆环流磁流变阀压降大小变化基本无影响。 相似文献
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径向流和圆环流磁流变阀压降性能分析与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
设计了径向流动式和圆环流动式2种不同液流通道结构的磁流变阀,并分别对其工作原理进行了阐述;推导了径向流和圆环流磁流变阀的压降数学模型。采用有限元法(FEM)分别对径向流和圆环流磁流变阀的电磁场进行了建模仿真,在结构参数和磁场参数相等的情况下分析了径向流和圆环流2种液流通道结构的磁流变阀压降变化规律。搭建了磁流变阀压降性能试验台,对不同加载电流及不同模拟负载下的径向流和圆环流磁路变阀的压降性能进行了试验分析。仿真和试验结果均表明同样结构参数和磁场参数下的径向流磁流变阀产生的压降大于圆环流磁流变阀产生的压降。 相似文献
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设计了一种蚊香盘式液流通道磁流变阀，其液流通道主要由2个牛顿流体圆管流、1个牛顿流体圆环流、2个非牛顿流体圆盘流和2个非牛顿流体螺旋流共同组成。分析了磁流变阀的工作原理及结构，推导了其压降数学模型。采用有限元法对磁流变阀的电磁场进行建模仿真，并分析了压降变化规律，仿真结果表明，加载电流为2.0A时，压降达5.58MPa。搭建了磁流变阀性能测试实验台，对不同外加电流和不同模拟负载下的压降性能进行实验测试，结果表明，当加载电流为2.0A时，压降可达5.1MPa，较之传统的径向流磁流变阀压降性能提升明显。不同流量下的响应性能实验结果表明，所设计的磁流变阀响应速度快，上升阶段响应时间小于下降阶段响应时间。 相似文献
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为进一步扩大磁流变阀的工业应用,提出并设计了一种径向流磁流变阀控缸系统,主要由径向流磁流变阀、单出杆液压缸及蓄能器3部分构成。阐述了径向流磁流变阀控缸系统的工作原理,推导了阻尼力数学模型。对径向流阀控缸系统进行了动力性能建模仿真,并搭建了动力性能测试实验台,分别对常规型与改进型径向流磁流变阀控缸系统在不同电流、不同频率及不同振幅下的动力性能进行了实验,实验结果表明,以径向流磁流变阀作为旁通控制元件的磁流变阀控缸系统能够产生较大的输出阻尼力,阻尼力最大可达5.8 k N;另外,阻尼力随电流变化顺逆可调,且可调范围广;同时,输出阻尼力受活塞杆运动速度影响很小,阀控缸系统能在各种工况输出稳定阻尼力。对比分析2个磁流变阀控缸系统可知,更换不同的磁流变阀可得到不同的动力性能。 相似文献
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提出了一种内置平行双线圈的磁流变阻尼器。推导了径向流和环形流磁流变阻尼器的压降数学模型。比较了具有串联双线圈的常规磁流变阻尼器和所提出的磁流变阻尼器的阻尼性能。分别对提出的磁流变阻尼器和常规磁流变阻尼器进行了电磁分析,从而验证所提出的磁流变阻尼器的原理并获得其磁路的磁特性。利用数值模拟分析比较了2种磁流变阻尼器的阻尼性能,分析结果表明内置平行双线圈的磁流变阻尼器具有更好的阻尼性能。依据所提出的磁流变阻尼器的结构原理制作了原型样机,通过实验验证了其阻尼性能的优越性。实验结果显示所提出的磁流变阻尼器的最大阻尼力约是常规磁流变阻尼器的1.86倍,等效阻尼约为常规磁流变等效阻尼的2倍。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献