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叶丽华刘雯靖薛定邦 《农业装备与车辆工程》2023,(7):13-17
环境污染及能源短缺对当前动力机械的应用提出更高要求,研究替代燃料是一种有效途径。基于CONVERGE软件搭建了定容弹喷雾计算模型,研究柴油/生物柴油混合燃料在不同工况下的喷雾燃烧特性,为其在发动机中的实际应用提供一定的理论依据。模拟计算了体积比20%生物柴油和柴油混合燃料的喷雾特性,根据仿真结果,分析了混合燃料在喷射压力120～150 MPa,背压3.0～5.0 MPa变化下,喷雾贯穿距、索特平均直径（SMD）、速度变化的分布情况。仿真计算结果表明,混合燃料的喷雾贯穿距随着喷射压力的增大而增大、SMD减小、喷雾中心速度增大,增大喷射压力可以改善雾化;随着背压升高,喷雾贯穿距减小、SMD略微增大、喷雾中心区域速度降低,背压增加增大了气液之间作用力,不利于燃料雾化。 相似文献
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生物柴油喷射雾化特性试验与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用高速摄影技术,研究了生物柴油和0号柴油及其不同比例混合燃料的宏观喷雾特性.结果表明:燃油喷射的初期,燃油的喷雾锥角随着生物柴油在矿物柴油中含量的增加而减小;在喷射过程中,B100和B0的喷雾锥角相差不多;矿物柴油和生物柴油喷雾的自由贯穿距由小到大,逐渐到稳定;随着时间的增加,生物柴油贯穿距的增长率大于矿物柴油贯穿距的增长率;燃油喷射持续期是随着生物柴油在矿物柴油中质量分数增加而延长的,生物柴油质量分数超过50%时,燃油喷射持续期则明显增大. 相似文献
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为了建立缸内直喷汽油机多孔喷油器喷雾破碎模型,对FIPA模型、Huh Gosman模型和KH-RT模型进行分析评估,确定了缸内汽油直喷二次破碎模型;以喷油压力为参数,基于初始破碎粒径分布公式,建立了缸内汽油直喷喷雾破碎模型;最后通过定容喷雾实验进行汽油自由喷雾实验,验证所建模型的合理性。研究结果发现:Huh Gosman模型在汽油喷雾模拟过程中,模拟结果与实际喷射过程最为接近;FIPA模型在相应模拟条件下,液滴的破碎速度过快;而KH-RT模型在该喷射条件下,液滴的破碎速度过慢。通过对Huh Gosman模型进行修正,模拟计算结果与实际结果相近。最后利用该模型对不同喷油压力下的自由喷雾进行模拟,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。 相似文献
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喷油器将高压柴油雾化成容易着火和燃烧的喷雾，并使喷雾和燃烧室大小、形状相配合，分散到燃烧室各处和空气充分混合。喷油器除了影响柴油的雾化质量、贯穿度以外，还对喷油压力、喷油始点、喷油延续时间和喷油率等有重大影响。所以，喷油器对柴油机的性能起着决定性的作用。上述工作是由喷油器的主要组成部件喷油嘴偶件完成，它装在喷油器体下部，由针阀与针阀体组成。 相似文献
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外开式汽油喷油器喷雾特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在定容弹内,采用纹影和激光Mie散射技术研究了外开式压电晶体汽油喷油器使用汽油、正丁醇和乙醇时的喷雾特性。结果表明,外开式喷油器喷油形成的空心圆锥状喷雾结构由线状油束组成。喷油背压对喷雾的宏观形态影响较大。随着喷油背压的升高,喷雾中油线间隙减小并最终消失,同时喷雾贯穿度与面积均大幅减小,但喷雾锥角基本不随背压、燃料种类和时间的变化而变化。此外,随着背压的升高,喷雾横向贯穿度的减小程度大于轴向贯穿度,但是横向贯穿度始终大于轴向贯穿度。粘度较大的乙醇和正丁醇的轴向贯穿度大于汽油。横向贯穿度与喷油产生的涡流有关。涡流尺度越大,则横向贯穿度也越大。 相似文献
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在单缸水冷四冲程柴油机上针对不同的小油桐油料进行了标定工况试验,测录了多循环的瞬时气缸压力与高压油管燃油压力,对比分析了喷油与燃烧过程中各参数的循环波动。结果发现,小油桐油的喷油始点比柴油迟1°CA,喷油持续期相当,最高喷油压力要高出近5 MPa;滞燃期比柴油缩短约3°CA,燃烧始点早于柴油约2°CA,燃烧压力升高率明显比燃用柴油时低,最高燃烧压力也低于柴油。在循环波动上,柴油的滞燃期、燃烧始点均较稳定。燃用加热后的小油桐油平均指示压力的波动率较低,其燃烧过程,特别是后燃期较为稳定。 相似文献
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以高温小桐子油在单缸水冷四冲程柴油机上进行试验,测录了多循环的瞬时气缸压力与高压油管燃油压力,对比分析了最大转矩点燃用柴油与高温小桐子油,燃用高温小桐子油在不同转速的全负荷工况与标定点转速不同负荷工况在喷油与燃烧过程中各参数的循环变动。结果发现,燃用小桐子油滞燃期的变动最突出;2000rpm时喷油持续期、滞燃期循环变动较大,使得其最大燃烧压力升高率的变动也较大;1400rpm时喷油前期和燃烧后期的缸内压力循环变动均较大;10%负荷,喷油过程循环变动大,同时喷入的燃油少,缸内空气量大,燃油雾化、蒸发、混合的不确定性增强,后续燃烧过程的差异大。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献