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基于在线近红外光谱的堆肥全过程关键参数快速检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究在线近红外光谱仪对堆肥全过程含水率、pH值、电导率、有机质质量分数、总碳质量分数、总氮质量分数和碳氮比等关键参数进行实时分析的可行性,以采集的60个堆肥全过程样品为研究对象,利用在线近红外光谱仪、结合偏最小二乘法,建立了有机肥堆肥过程中含水率、pH值、电导率、有机质质量分数、总碳质量分数、总氮质量分数和碳氮比的近红外定量分析模型。研究结果显示:在线近红外光谱仪可实现堆肥全过程上述关键参数的速测(RSD10%),其中,含水率和总氮质量分数的R_(2C)和R_(PD)分别为0. 94和3. 62、0. 92和3. 14,模型效果优秀; pH值、总碳质量分数和碳氮比的R_(2C)和R_(PD)分别为0. 90和1. 89、0. 83和2. 12、0. 82和2. 15,模型效果良好;电导率和有机质质量分数的R_(2C)和R_(PD)分别为0. 79和1. 85、0. 80和1. 93,模型效果一般,模型精度有待提高。各参数近红外预测值与实际测量值之间的偏差很小,并且近红外预测值与实际测量值随堆肥时间的变化趋势具有较好的一致性。 相似文献
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基于近红外漫透射光补偿光谱分析技术,设计了便携式大米多品质参数无损检测仪,检测仪包括光谱采集单元、光源单元、控制与显示单元、供电单元、专用参考校正盒等,光谱采集单元通过光补偿杯和聚焦准直透镜有效提高了采集光谱的信噪比,整个装置尺寸为207 mm×90 mm×148 mm,携带方便。选取52个籼米样品,基于便携式大米多品质参数无损检测仪建立了大米含水率、直链淀粉质量分数和蛋白质质量分数的偏最小二乘预测模型,含水率、直链淀粉质量分数和蛋白质质量分数的校正集相关系数分别为0. 980 3、0. 977 0、0. 932 3,校正集均方根误差分别为0. 279 1%、0. 727 4%、0. 204 5%,验证集相关系数分别为0. 979 3、0. 957 1、0. 924 9,验证集均方根误差分别为0. 300 9%、1. 106 7%、0. 212 7%。基于MFC软件开发工具,采用C/C++语言编写了实时检测及控制软件,实现了便携式大米多品质参数检测仪的一键式操作。试验验证了便携式大米品质无损检测仪的检测精度和稳定性,结果表明,利用该装置预测大米含水率、直链淀粉质量分数和蛋白质质量分数的最大变异系数分别为0. 024、0. 079、0. 034,大米样品的含水率、直链淀粉质量分数和蛋白质质量分数的预测值和标准理化值的相关系数分别为0. 972 7、0. 940 9、0. 901 5,预测均方根误差为0. 363 2%、1. 318 1%、0. 243 0%。这表明自行设计的检测仪可以实现大米含水率、直链淀粉和蛋白质质量分数的实时无损检测。 相似文献
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玉米秸秆本身营养成分含量低,需作为粗饲料和其它饲料混合生产全混合日粮或经黄贮等技术工艺改善其品质。为在利用和改善处理过程中对其营养成分含量进行实时检测,采用217个玉米秸秆样品,利用优化后的近红外在线光谱采集系统,探索了利用近红外光谱技术在线检测玉米秸秆水分、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和可溶性糖等营养成分含量的可行性。研究结果表明利用近红外光谱技术可以实现对玉米秸秆饲料营养成分的定量分析。水分、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、可溶性糖含量模型的相对标准偏差和相对分析误差分别为9.03%和1.97、11.36%和2.31、3.75%和2.02、16.18%和3.61。 相似文献
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基于均匀板加热法的饲料糊化参数试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出一种应用铸铝板对饲料样品夹持加热的装置及方法。通过将预调好含水率的饲料密封于自封袋中,夹持于一组平行可控温的铸铝板内,实现对样品的加热。基于一维热传导方程、借助Matlab有限差分法,求解得到样品从室温加热到设定温度的温度曲线,以此评估饲料样品在受热过程中的温度分布情况。结果显示,样品达到温度均匀分布所需的时间尺度远小于样品糊化的时间尺度,可实现对样品热处理时间的准确控制。在此基础上,以育肥猪配合饲料粉料为研究对象,以饲料的糊化温度、糊化时间和饲料含水率为试验因素,以饲料热处理后的糊化度为评价指标,按照三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合试验方法,利用Design-Expert软件回归分析和响应面分析法,建立了饲料糊化度与3个因素的二次回归模型(R2=0. 942 0),并验证了回归模型的有效性。在对饲料样品热处理后的色差分析中发现,在某些条件下,过高的热处理温度并不能提高饲料的糊化度,反而会加剧美拉德反应,导致饲料颜色加深,影响外观质量。 相似文献
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以豆粕和3种抗生素菌渣为研究对象,通过傅里叶变换近红外显微成像系统采集样品近红外显微图像;对采集到的近红外显微图像进行光谱重构,并对所有样品光谱进行预处理,利用Duplex算法分别从不同的样品预处理光谱中筛选具有代表性的光谱建立豆粕和抗生素菌渣的特征光谱库。使用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)与支持向量机判别分析(SVM-DA)结合不同的光谱预处理方法,构建豆粕与不同种类抗生素菌渣的近红外显微成像定性判别模型。结果表明:构建的2种模型均能有效对试验中所用豆粕和抗生素菌渣样品进行鉴别分析,正确率均在99.4%以上。进一步比较研究发现,一阶导数+SNV的预处理方式优于无预处理、一阶导数、二阶导数;SVM-DA的模型效果优于PLS-DA,SVM-DA中特征提取方法 PLS优于PCA。 相似文献
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基于可见/近红外局部透射光谱,根据马铃薯大小及形状特征,设计了便携式马铃薯多品质无损检测装置,包括光谱采集模块、光源模块、控制与显示模块、供电模块和黑白参考盒,装置尺寸为11 cm×6.5 cm×9.5 cm。选取大西洋品种马铃薯样品85个,基于装置建立了马铃薯含水率、淀粉质量分数和还原糖质量分数的偏最小二乘定量预测模型,马铃薯含水率、淀粉质量分数和还原糖质量分数预测模型验证集相关系数分别为0.927 8、0.914 6、0.933 8,均方根误差分别为0.325 3%、0.344 9%、0.041 6%。基于QT开发工具,采用C/C++语言编写了装置实时分析控制软件,将所建预测模型植入到软件中,实现了马铃薯多品质参数实时无损检测一键式操作。最后对便携式马铃薯多品质无损检测装置的检测精度进行了验证。20个马铃薯样品含水率、淀粉质量分数和还原糖质量分数的装置预测值与标准理化值的相关系数分别为0.914 1、0.912 2和0.914 0,均方根误差分别为0.352 7%、0.340 4%和0.040 0%,平均偏差分别为0.295 1%、0.253 6%和0.031 6%,重复采样最大变异系数分别为0.006 7、0.012 4和0.123 1。结果表明:马铃薯多品质局部透射无损检测装置可以实现马铃薯含水率、淀粉质量分数和还原糖质量分数的实时无损检测。 相似文献
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高岩 《农业机械化与电气化》2013,(10):78-79
控制饲料质量、检测饲料原料的成分是饲料生产中非常重要的一环。简述近红外光谱技术（NIRS）的原理、特点及优势,综述NIRS在饲料常规营养成分分析检测中的应用现状,从模型数据库建立、在线实时检测实现及检测仪器研制方面,对其发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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从全国21个省份收集78个代表性酒糟样品,采用国标方法测定了其成分含量并进行了统计分析,结果显示粗纤维、粗灰分和粗蛋白3种成分质量分数分布范围分别为1.60％～37.54％、0.74％～26.85％和12.01％ ～38.69％,标准偏差分别为8.33％、5.21％和7.11％,样品成分含量差异较大.利用NIRS建立了其粗纤维、粗灰分和粗蛋白质量分数的定量分析模型,定标决定系数分别为0.98、0.91和0.96,定标标准误差分别为1.19％、1.58％和1.61％,验证决定系数分别为0.98、0.92和0.96,预测标准误差分别为1.20％、1.57％和1.60％,相对分析误差分别为7.38、3.75和4.98,模型预测精度较高,可以用于实际检测分析. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献