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完全各向同性2T1R空间并联机器人机构型综合 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了完全各向同性二移动一转动(2T1R)空间并联机器人机构型综合的系统方法.首先根据机构各分支预期功能的要求,基于互易螺旋理论确定出各分支的驱动螺旋、主动螺旋和可动非主动螺旋;再按照分支连接度的不同列举出机构的各分支运动链;最后根据机构各分支装配要求将动平台和静平台连接起来即可得到预期的机构,并得到大量新型机构.实例分析验证了型综合方法的正确性.由于所综合出的并联机器人机构的运动雅可比矩阵均为单位阵,因此这类机构具有良好的运动学和力传递性能. 相似文献
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为获得承载能力大且容易控制的三转动并联机构，本文以逆雅可比矩阵中奇异向量的含义为切入点，将机构的运动耦合性与驱动力螺旋之间的空间几何关系建立联系，进而提出一种三转动弱耦合并联机构构型综合方法。首先，根据机构不同方向运动耦合性需求，构造逆雅可比矩阵，并以此推导各支链中驱动力螺旋需满足的空间几何条件；其次，根据驱动力螺旋与被动副运动螺旋之间的关系及约束螺旋与所有运动副运动螺旋之间的关系，得到支链中运动副的类型和布置条件，并对驱动副为机架副的支链进行了综合；进一步，制定了支链的选取和组合原则，基于上述原则，完成了三转动弱耦合并联机构构型综合；最后，通过对3个实例进行运动耦合性分析，验证了所提方法的正确性。 相似文献
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完全解耦二移动二转动并联机构结构综合 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于混联机构概念和互易螺旋理论提出了完全解耦二维移动二维转动（2T2R）并联机构结构综合的方法,得到106种机构。综合出的机构有两条分支运动链直接与动平台和静平台相连,其中一条为单开链,另一条为混合链。所有机构速度雅可比矩阵均为对角阵,即动平台的输出速度与4个主动副的输入速度之间存在一一对应的映射关系,故此类机构运动学解完全解耦,克服了一般并联机构耦合性强、控制复杂的弱点。 相似文献
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提出了具有耦合分支的两转动两移动并联机构。基于李群理论分析了机构自由度,该机构动平台能输出两个转动运动和两个移动运动;采用闭环矢量法对机构进行了位置分析,求得位置反解;通过速度分析得到机构的雅可比矩阵,在雅可比矩阵基础上对机构的奇异位形进行了分析;采用虚功原理建立了机构的刚度模型,并进行了刚度性能分析;为消除内部奇异产生的刚度退化,在机构上增加了冗余驱动分支,并对添加冗余驱动分支前后机构的刚度、工作空间等性能进行了对比分析。以工作空间内刚度平均值为目标对冗余驱动机构进行了尺度优化设计,结果表明,优化后的冗余驱动机构的刚度性能得到明显提升。 相似文献
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提出了一种具有雅可比矩阵恒定特性的3-PRRR三维移动并联机构,当选取移动副作为主动输入时,该机构具有雅可比矩阵恒定的特性。基于螺旋理论分析了3-PRRR并联机构自由度,利用矢量法建立位置正/反解模型,进而得到了该机构的工作空间。基于传递力螺旋和主运动螺旋求解了该机构的雅可比矩阵,从得到的机构速度/力变化曲线可知,在确定的输入下,机构输出参数曲线在不同位姿下相重合,从而验证了该机构雅可比矩阵恒定。在此基础上,分析了该机构的传递性能,得到了分支传递功率与β(移动副和转动副轴线夹角)的关系曲线,可知输入功率不变时,机构的传递功率随着β的增大而减小。分别选取β为0°和30°时绘制该机构输出速度和力曲线,得到该机构在β为0°时传递性能最佳。 相似文献
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目前并联机构大多采用容错控制策略实现驱动故障容错,而从并联机构结构设计角度研究较少。本文基于雅可比矩阵,提出一种评价并联机构分支驱动力失效的可操作性失效度指标,并以冗余并联机构为研究对象,给出机构具有驱动力失效容错性的驱动“同一性”条件。基于螺旋理论,提出一种具有驱动容错性的冗余并联机构构型综合方法,综合出一类具有驱动容错性的三转动冗余并联机构新构型。本文为解决冗余并联机构驱动力失效问题提供了新的思路,丰富了并联机构的构型,为具有驱动容错性的冗余并联机构的应用发展提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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提出了一种球面变胞机构。该机构采用并联连接方式,由动平台、静平台、3个环形支链和1个中间变胞支链组成,通过变胞支链提供不同约束,机构可演变为正常构态和变胞构态两种机构形式。正常构态时,动平台相对静平台具有3个转动自由度,等效于3自由度球面机构;变胞构态时,动平台具有一个额外的径向移动自由度。以螺旋理论为基础,首先分析机构的自由度数目和性质;其次,构建机构的运动子矩阵和约束子矩阵,并将约束子矩阵和运动子矩阵联立,建立完整的6×6雅可比矩阵;最后,分析雅可比矩阵的秩,得到机构产生奇异位形的条件,研究奇异位形的类型,提出避免发生奇异的方法,为机构设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
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提出一种新型3自由度纯移动并联机构,该机构由动平台、静平台以及联接两平台的3条相同的分支运动链组成.基于单开链单元理论分析,计算出机构的自由度,分别讨论了以角位移和线性位移为主动输入形式的机构运动学问题,推导出位置、速度、加速度的解析解.利用Matlab和Pro/E软件分别绘制出机构的位移、速度、加速度理论曲线和虚拟样机仿真曲线,仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性.尤其是当以线性输入为主动输入时,机构的运动雅可比矩阵为单位阵且条件数恒等于1,所以此时机构在整个工作空间内表现为完全各向同性. 相似文献
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提出一种新型3自由度纯移动并联机构,该机构由动平台、静平台以及联接两平台的3条相同的分支运动链组成。基于单开链单元理论分析,计算出机构的自由度,分别讨论了以角位移和线性位移为主动输入形式的机构运动学问题,推导出位置、速度、加速度的解析解。利用Matlab和Pro/E软件分别绘制出机构的位移、速度、加速度理论曲线和虚拟样机仿真曲线,仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性。尤其是当以线性输入为主动输入时,机构的运动雅可比矩阵为单位阵且条件数恒等于1,所以此时机构在整个工作空间内表现为完全各向同性。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献