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为提高南美白对虾肉(PV)的贮藏稳定性,研究了蔗糖、菊糖和海藻糖对PV玻璃化转变温度(Tg)与状态图的影响。采用静态称量法研究了25℃下PV和按虾肉质量添加10%蔗糖(PV-S)、10%菊糖(PV-I)和10%海藻糖虾肉(PV-T)的吸附等温线。采用差示扫描量热法分析了PV、PV-S、PV-I与PV-T的Tg和冻结点温度(TF)。分别采用Gordon-Taylor方程和Clausias-Clapeyron方程拟合Tg与TF数据,构建了虾肉的状态图,探讨了添加糖类对PV的Tg与状态图的影响。结果表明,PV、PV-S、PV-I与PV-T的水分吸附等温线呈III型,GAB模型为描述PV、PV-S、PV-I与PV-T水分吸附特性的最适模型。PV、PV-S、PV-I与PV-T的平衡含水率随着水分活度aw的增大而增大。aw一定时,平衡含水率随着糖类添加而降低。添加糖类降低了PV的单分子层含水率。PV、PV-S、PV-I与PV-T的Tg随着含水率增加而降低。相同aw时,Tg值高低顺序依次为PV-I、PV-T、PV-S、PV。根据状态图,PV、PV-S、PV-I和PV-T的最大冷冻浓缩溶液时的玻璃化转变温度T'g分别为-71.35、-64.76、-58.36、-59.36℃,与之对应的溶质含量分别为73.2%、73.4%、72.6%、73.4%,即非冻结含水率分别为26.8%、26.6%、27.4%、26.6%。添加糖类尤其是菊糖与海藻糖能显著提高南美白对虾肉的贮藏稳定性,延长其货架期。 相似文献
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CO2-冷海水保鲜技术在南美白对虾中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了CO2-冷海水浸泡处理技术对南美白对虾保鲜贮藏过程中品质的影响.研究结果表明,CO2-冷海水浸泡处理后虾的菌落总数、大肠杆菌数、产H2S菌数和嗜冷菌数均比对照组低.同时,贮藏期间挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、pH值和K值的增加也显著低于对照组.CO2-冷海水中贮藏8d的虾仍在二级鲜度范围内,其TVB-N为19.5 mg/(100 g)和K值为20.3％,而对照组虾已严重腐败.贮藏期间虾肉的剪切力略有下降,但无显著性差异.CO2-冷海水处理能有效抑制虾内PPO的活性,延缓虾体的褐变和感官品质的下降. 相似文献
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肉桂醛复合保鲜剂对南美白对虾贮藏品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为延长南美白对虾贮藏期,对8种天然化合物的抑菌和南美白对虾多酚氧化酶( PPO)抑制活性进行了对比试验,发现肉桂醛同时兼具抑菌和抑制多酚氧化酶活性的双重效果.经酶反应动力学分析,证明肉桂醛是多酚氧化酶的非竞争性抑制剂.采用正交试验,对肉桂醛、植酸和海藻酸钠进行复配比较,确定复合保鲜剂的最佳组分为:肉桂醛质量分数0.10％、植酸质量分数0.05％、海藻酸钠质量分数0.50％.复合保鲜剂处理可有效抑制虾体菌落总数的增加和挥发性盐基氮的积累;同时还可抑制贮藏过程中的脂肪氧化,对感观品质具有良好的保持作用,在(4±1)℃条件下贮藏期可达8 ～10d,明显提高了南美白对虾贮藏过程中的品质和货架期. 相似文献
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南美白对虾因营养价值丰富等原因逐步成为餐桌上常见的水产品,通过三十余年的发展,中国成为世界上最大的南美白对虾人工养殖国家,对南美白对虾的养殖具有丰富经验。笔者简要介绍了南美白对虾,分析了我国南美白对虾人工养殖产业效益,重点对南美白对虾养殖前期准备工作、常见病变的防治以及养殖过程的关键技术进行了研究,仅供参考。 相似文献
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为保证稻谷干燥后品质、提高干燥效率,基于不同含水率稻谷的玻璃化转变温度,提出变温热风干燥工艺。采用三因素五水平中心组合试验方法,以稻谷温度、初始含水率和热风风速为影响因素,以稻谷爆腰指数、整精米率和干燥时间为评价指标,研究稻谷玻璃化转变温度、恒温和变温干燥特性,模拟解析稻谷干燥过程中传热传质规律,以5、10、15℃的变温幅度进行变温干燥试验。结果表明,稻谷玻璃化转变温度与其含水率呈负相关,恒温干燥最佳工艺参数为稻谷温度47℃、初始含水率22.0%、热风风速0.50 m/s,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数70、整精米率57.67%、干燥时间195 min;与恒温干燥相比,以5℃和10℃为变温幅度的变温干燥工艺,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数分别降低了20和10,整精米率提高12.6、7.7个百分点,干燥时间缩短30 min和60 min。研究表明,基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺明显改善了稻谷干燥后品质,提高了干燥效率。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献