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1.
真菌毒素广泛存在于霉变农产品中,具有致癌、致畸、致突变等危害,受其污染的农产品已被世界卫生组织列为食源性疾病的主要来源,但农产品中真菌毒素检测存在基质复杂、灵敏度要求高等难题。电化学传感技术操作简单、成本低、灵敏度高以及分析速度快,在农产品真菌毒素检测中应用广泛,而将比率策略与电化学传感结合发展的比率电化学传感技术可以进一步提高传感器在复杂环境中的分析准确度和可靠性。该研究主要从直接传感、免疫传感、DNA传感及适配体传感等4个方面综述了近3年来（2018－2021年）比率电化学传感技术的研究进展,系统讨论了它们的信号产生策略、传感机理及其在农产品真菌毒素检测方面的应用,总结了不同传感模式中所用识别元件、传感材料、实际样品及检测真菌毒素的分析性能,并讨论了不同传感模式的优缺点。最后,分析了比率电化学传感技术在农业传感领域的瓶颈问题,如识别元件的开发,多种真菌毒素的同时检测,农产品的现场、实时检测等,指出开发便携式设备实现不同真菌毒素的现场、同时、快速检测是本领域的重要发展方向,以期为农产品中真菌毒素高效检测技术提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
前期筛选获得了可降解黄曲霉毒素的平菇P1,为进一步提高其降解能力,通过优化平菇P1的培养条件,确定在培养温度30℃、转速200 r·min-1、培养基pH值6.0的条件下培养10d时,平菇P1发酵液降解黄曲霉毒素B1的效果最好,此时790μL平菇P1发酵液可以将1 000 ng黄曲霉毒素B1降解到175.7 ng,降解率达到82.43%。除了可以高效降解黄曲霉毒素B1,平菇P1发酵液还可有效降解黄曲霉毒素B2、G1和G2。平菇P1发酵液对黄曲霉毒素的降解是由多种酶参与的,它们之间存在累加效应。这一研究结果将为典曲霉毒高效降解酶的研制提供基础。  相似文献   

3.
黄曲霉毒素免疫检测技术研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
黄曲霉毒素是迄今发现的毒性最强的一类真菌毒素,对该毒素的检测技术特别是快速检测方法对发展中国家保障农产品及食品消费安全具有特别重要意义。本文介绍了黄曲霉毒素特异性抗体及其免疫快速检测技术研究进展,提出了绿色免疫分析是黄曲霉毒素等剧毒生物毒素免疫快速检测技术的发展方向。  相似文献   

4.
本文通过使用气候相似距方法和聚类分析方法,对我国黄曲霉毒素B1的污染情况作了定量分析。把污染情况划分为3档,即无污染或轻度污染、中度污染以及重度污染,将全国56个气象试验站所在的29个省(市、自治区)进行了污染情况的划分。结果表明,我国南部和长江中下游地区黄曲霉毒素B1的污染情况严重,且随时间推进,我国黄曲霉毒素B1的污染情况在加重。同时说明应用气候相似距原理结合聚类方法应用于花生中AFB1污染风险的预测预警具有一定可行性。  相似文献   

5.
"瘦肉精"系一类具有相似结构的β-肾上腺素受体激动剂化合物,曾被滥用作为动物生长促进剂,以提高胴体瘦肉率。中国虽自2010年起禁止其应用于动物养殖环节,但当前,"瘦肉精"类物质非法添加现象仍时有发生,且其替代品多、隐蔽性不断增强对畜产品安全和人类健康仍构成极大威胁。功能纳米材料所具有的特殊结构及性质,极大地提升了现有传感检测技术的性能,使得现有传感检测技术不断朝着灵敏、高效、简便、低成本及抗干扰能力不断增强等方向发展。该文分别从金纳米材料、碳质纳米材料、量子点以及其他新型纳米材料角度出发,总结了以上纳米材料与传感检测技术相结合在"瘦肉精"检测方面的研究进展,分析了各种检测方法的优缺点,并提出了未来功能纳米材料与传感检测技术相结合需要提升的地方,为下一步开发更灵敏准确、简便易行、高通量及低成本的检测方法提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
为解析种植至储藏期花生受黄曲霉侵染及黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB_1)污染的规律,揭示花生AFB_1污染的源头及主要影响因素,选取种植湛红2号和湛油75的花生田,采集种植期花生果和土壤及储藏1~4个月的花生果,分析花生和土壤真菌菌相,并采用高效液相色谱法测定花生AFB_1含量。结果表明,种植期黄曲霉侵染花生果主要发生在成熟期,但黄曲霉污染率均在8%以下;湛油75花生田土壤黄曲霉菌落数显著低于湛红2号,但花生果黄曲霉污染率显著高于湛红2号,表明湛红2号具有一定的黄曲霉抗性;湛油75和湛红2号分别在110 d和120 d检测到AFB_1,含量分别为3.37μg·kg~(-1)和2.08μg·kg~(-1),表明花生黄曲霉毒素含量与污染率呈正相关。储藏期花生果中未检测到黄曲霉和AFB_1,这主要是由于花生晾晒后水活度(aw)降低至0.70以下,不适合黄曲霉生长繁殖和毒素生物合成。综上,黄曲霉在荚果成熟期开始侵染花生果导致产生AFB_1,而储藏期保持较低的aw可有效预防黄曲霉及AFB_1污染。本研究结果为制定种植至储藏期花生黄曲霉毒素全程防控措施提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
建立了固相萃取一高效液相色谱荧光法测定液态奶制品中的黄曲霉毒素M_1和B_1的方法。液态奶制品样品用乙腈一正己烷提取,盐析分层,浓缩后经黄曲霉毒素专用固相萃取柱净化富集,以高效液相色谱荧光法对样品中黄曲霉毒素M_1和B_1进行分离分析。在0.1~50.0μg/kg范围内黄曲霉毒素的质量浓度与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数的平方大于0.999 6。黄曲霉毒素M_1和B_1在低、中、高3个浓度的加标回收率分别在69.5%~81.6%和73.0%~87.9%之间,日内日间相对标准偏差低于13.3%。在最优条件下对5种不同的液态奶制品样品进行了加标回收实验,表明该方法具有很好的适用性,可用于各种液态奶制品中黄曲霉毒素M_1和B_1的分析。  相似文献   

8.
臭氧降解花生中黄曲霉毒素的设备及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了高效降解花生中黄曲霉毒素,研制了一套臭氧降解黄曲霉毒素的设备。以人为污染的花生为试验材料,利用此设备研究了臭氧处理时间及其相对湿度对花生脱毒效果的影响。研究结果表明:臭氧能有效降解花生中的黄曲霉毒素,且臭氧处理时间和相对湿度显著影响其降解效果(P<0.05)。在臭氧浓度89mg/L、流速1L/min、搅拌速度70r/min条件下,黄曲霉毒素的较佳降解工艺为:臭氧相对湿度50%,处理时间30min。在此条件下,花生中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2的含量分别从87.53、21.99、9.71和4.38μg/kg降低到15.23、8.31、2.81和2.11μg/kg,降解率分别为82.6%、62.2%、71.1%和51.8%。研究结果可为花生贮藏和加工企业降低花生中的黄曲霉毒素、确保花生食用安全性提供技术参考。  相似文献   

9.
电化学免疫传感器快速检测农产品中的毒死蜱   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
研究了一种无标记的电化学免疫传感器,用于农产品中的毒死蜱农药残留的快速检测。将毒死蜱人工抗原作为生物识别元件固定在金电极的表面,采用间接竞争法原理,样品中的被测组分与电极上的固定化包被抗原竞争性结合溶液中的抗体。抗体抗原结合反应通过电化学阻抗谱和石英晶体微天平进行表征。将该免疫传感器用于检测青菜、苹果等农产品中的毒死蜱农药残留。结果表明,此免疫传感器灵敏度好、准确度高;对毒死蜱农药的检测限为0.01μg/mL,回收率大于85%,检测时间小于1 h,变异系数小于5%,传感器经过再生处理后能重复使用,经济性较好。该研究可为实现快速检测农产品中农药残留传感器的商品化提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
王诗睿  李露婧  罗童匀  程楠 《核农学报》2023,(12):2451-2459
近年，食品安全问题逐渐受到重视，食品安全检测方法除了常用的简单化学分析、仪器分析，还发展出一些新兴检测方法如纸基微型分析系统等，但均有一定局限性。本研究综述了DNA介导的金纳米材料在食品安全检测领域的研究进展，DNA作为一种覆盖剂，被应用于介导金属纳米粒子种子形态的转变和性能的增强，其中金纳米性质最为优良；介绍了其形成机制，系统地总结了由物理吸附和硫代DNA介导的具有不同形态的金纳米材料，并介绍了这些材料的稳定性、识别特性、光学特性、催化特性、生物相容性及其生物传感应用。本研究为DNA介导的纳米材料的生长及其在生物传感等领域的应用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

11.
Determination of ochratoxin a with a DNA aptamer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
This work describes the identification of an aptamer that binds with high affinity and specificity to ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin that occurs in wheat and other foodstuffs, and a quantitative detection method for OTA based on the use of this aptamer. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides selected in vitro to bind to molecular targets. The aptamer selected in this work exhibited a dissociation constant in the nanomolar range and did not bind compounds with structures similar to OTA such as N-acetylphenylalanine or warfarin. The aptamer bound with a 100-fold less affinity to ochratoxin B. The selected aptamers could be used for the determination of ppb quantities of OTA in naturally contaminated wheat samples. Further work is ongoing to broaden the application demonstrated here with the development of sensors, affinity columns, and other analytical systems for field and laboratory determination of this toxin in food and agricultural products.  相似文献   

12.
Naturally contaminated corn and cottonseed samples were screened for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were blended 5 min in an extraction solvent of methanol-water-dimethylformamide (70 + 29 + 1) and filtered. Filtrates were assayed by direct competition between AFB1 in the corn and cottonseed samples and AFB1-peroxidase conjugate for binding to specific antibody adsorbed to a solid phase microtiter plate. Standard curves prepared using the extract of AFB1-free corn and cottonseed samples, and extraction solvent only, showed negligible interference by the sample extract in the performance of ELISA. The AFB1 content in corn and dehulled cottonseed samples as determined by ELISA ranged from 7 to 422 micrograms/kg and 7 to 3,258 micrograms/kg, respectively. When ELISA estimates of AFB1 in corn were compared with values obtained by thin layer chromatography (CB method), the correlation coefficient (n = 10) was 0.95. Average interassay and subsample coefficients of variation for ELISA in corn were 21.4 and 22.0%, respectively. When ELISA estimates of AFB1 in cottonseed were compared with values obtained by liquid chromatography (Pons method), the correlation coefficient (n = 15) was 0.96. Using this ELISA, 36 duplicate sample extracts can be screened for AFB1 in less than 2 h.  相似文献   

13.
Among the competitive ELISAs for aflatoxins that have been described, few have been adequately validated for reduced matrix effects. Using an aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-specific polyclonal antibody (produced from AFB(1)-oxime conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA)) and AFB(1)- and AFB(2)-enzyme conjugates, four direct competitive ELISAs based on 96-microwell plates (two standard assays and two rapid assays) were developed, paying special attention to producing a robust assay relatively free of interferences for a range of agricultural products. The antibody was AFB(1)-specific, detecting only AFB(1) in a mixture of four aflatoxins (AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1), and AFG(2)), but showed significant cross-reaction with AFG(1) (57-61%) when an individual compound was tested. Standard assays (long assays) exhibited higher sensitivities than rapid assays (short assays) with IC(50) values of 12 +/- 1.5 and 9 +/- 1.5 microg/kg in sample (with 1 in 5 dilution of sample extract) for AFB(1) and AFB(2)-enzyme conjugates, respectively. These assays have narrower detection ranges (7.1-55.5 microg/kg in sample) and required dilution of sample extracts to overcome solvent and matrix interferences, making these assays less ideal as analytical methods. Rapid assays exhibited IC(50) values of 21.6 +/- 2.7 and 12 microg/kg in sample for AFB(1)- and AFB(2)-enzyme conjugates, respectively. These assays have ideally broader detection ranges (4.2-99.9 microg/kg in sample) and showed no methanol effects up to 80% with significantly reduced matrix interferences as a result of the shorter incubation times and increasing the amounts of enzyme conjugate used. Therefore, the rapid assays were formatted to perform without a need for extract dilution. The rapid assays can be completed within 15 min, potentially suitable for receival bays where quick decision-making to segregate low and high contamination is critical. Further validation using the rapid assay with AFB(1)-enzyme conjugate indicated relatively good recoveries of AFB(1) spiked in corn, peanuts, pistachio, and soybeans, which were free from significant matrix effects. It can be concluded that this rapid assay would be suitable for monitoring aflatoxin AFB(1) at current legal maximum residue limits of 10 microg/kg in food such as corn, peanuts, pistachio, and soybeans.  相似文献   

14.
A multimycotoxin thin layer chromatographic screening method is described which is applicable to most animal feedstuffs. Interference from nonspecific lipid, pigment, and other components of simple and mixed feeds is reduced to a minimum by using a membrane cleanup step. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, citrinin, diacetoxyscirpenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, penitrem A, sterigmatocystin, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone may be reliably detected. The sensitivity of the method is generally low for mixed feeds but even so aflatoxin B1 can be detected at a level of 3 ppb and ochratoxin A at 80 ppb. While the basic method is less sensitive for sterigmatocystin (330 ppb), patulin (600 ppb), zearalenone (1000 ppb), and the trichothecenes (1000-4000 ppb), it may be adapted so as to reduce the above detection limits when the presence of these toxins is suspected. Lower levels may be detected in extracts of simple feeds.  相似文献   

15.
Reduction of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2 with sodium borohydride quantitatively yielded new fluorescent derivatives, designated as aflatoxin RB1 and aflatoxin RB2. Mass spectrometric data showed that RB1 and RB2 were trihydroxy derivatives of B1 and B2, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that new chemical shifts were present in aflatoxins RB1 and RB2 in addition to those of the parent aflatoxins. The new compounds had lower melting points and different ultraviolet and infrared spectra compared to aflatoxins B1 and B2 and the monohydroxy derivative aflatoxicol. They were lses toxic to chick embryos than the parent toxins. Since the reduction yields were quantitative and since the reduction products could be detected at low levels comparable to those for B1 and B2, the reduction reaction could be used as a confirmatory test for both aflatoxins B1 and B2. Preliminary results obtained from gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of aflatoxins RB1 and RB2 indicated that these compounds could furnish the basis for developing an analytical GLC method for aflatoxins B1 and B2.  相似文献   

16.
Uptake and elimination of aflatoxins (AFs) by rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) during a long-term (21 days) dietary exposure were studied to assess contamination by AFs in aquaculture fish fed AF-containing feed. The uptake factor (UF) of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) in muscle ranged from 0.40 × 10(-3) to 1.30 × 10(-3). AFB(1) concentrations in liver were 165-342 times higher than in muscle. AFs from feed were more highly accumulated in liver than in muscle. Aflatoxicol (AFL) and aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) were detected in muscle and liver and also in the rearing water. AFL concentrations were higher than AFM(1) by 2 orders of magnitude in muscle, and AFL was a major metabolite of AFB(1). The elimination rate constants (α) of AFB(1) and AFL in muscle (1.83 and 2.02 day(-1), respectively) and liver (1.38 and 2.41 day(-1), respectively) were very large. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of AFB(1) was 0.38 days (9.12 h) in muscle and 0.50 days (12.00 h) in liver. The elimination half-life of AFL in muscle and liver was 0.34 day (8.16 h) and 0.29 day (6.96 h), respectively. These data show that AFs are eliminated rapidly and are not biomagnified in fish. Thus, AFB(1) concentration in muscle of fish fed AFB(1)-containing feed (ca. 500 μg/kg) decreased to below the detection limit (20 ng/kg) of the most sensitive analytical method at 1.54 days (36.96 h) after the change to uncontaminated feed.  相似文献   

17.
A comparative study on the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and Fusarium toxins was conducted with corn samples from high- and low-incidence areas for human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in Guangxi, China. In samples from the high-risk area, aflatoxin B(1) was the predominant toxin detected in terms of quantity and frequency, with its concentration ranging between 9 and 2496 microg/kg and an 85% incidence of contamination. Among the samples, 13 (76%) exceeded the Chinese regulation of 20 microg/kg for aflatoxin B(1) in corn and corn-based products intended for human consumption. Significant differences in aflatoxin B(1), B(2), and G(1) and total aflatoxin concentrations in corn between the areas were found (P < 0.05). The average daily intake of aflatoxin B(1) from corn in the high-risk area was 184.1 microg, and the probable daily intake is estimated to be 3.68 microg/kg of body weight/day, 3.20 times the TD(50) in rats. Corn samples from both areas were simultaneously contaminated with fumonisins B(1), B(2), and B(3). Aflatoxin B(1) may play an important role in the development of PHC in Guangxi.  相似文献   

18.
针对单传感器难以完成水体可溶解有机物（Dissolved Organic Matter，DOM）总量与组份的测试问题，该研究提出利用光纤表面等离子共振（Surface Plasma Resonance，SPR）传感器的非特异选择性来构建传感阵列。通过对光纤SPR传感器的交叉敏感性分析，将获得的多模光纤镀以7种不同厚度金膜的传感器设计方案，膜厚为55～85 nm，使其对不同的可溶解有机物（Dissolved Organic Matter，DOM）的组份产生类似味蕾的交叉敏感性响应。利用粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Optimization，PSO）训练的BP神经网络构建3个分类器：PSO-BP（波长）、PSO-BP（谱宽）、PSO-BP（光强），实现对待测量响应信息的有效提取，并对里运河（A）、洪泽湖（B）、公园景观湖（C）、校园景观湖（D）4种水体的5种DOM组份（酪氨酸类蛋白质、色氨酸类蛋白质、富里酸、溶解性微生物代谢产物、腐殖酸）及其浓度进行预测，在洪泽湖水的色氨酸类蛋白质组份测试试验中，最高正确率可达85%。同时，对多分类器的结构参数进行试验分析，重点考察隐含层节点个数及神经网络结构对DOM组份测试的影响。试验结果表明：隐层节点数取15时可以获得最佳测试效果，通过基于传统神经网络RBF、BP与PSO-BP的比较试验可知，基于PSO-BP的3个分类器在DOM组份测试中的精度最高，对4种水体的色氨酸类蛋白质及溶解性微生物代谢产物组份测试的平均分类精度可达87.50%、86.28%。该研究结果为基于光纤SPR传感器及多分类器在DOM组份测试的应用提供依据及新的思路。  相似文献   

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