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1.
对2013年5月和9月在金沙江上游支流赠曲采集的98尾裸腹叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus kaznakovi)进行了年龄和生长特性的研究。渔获物的优势体长组为150~200 mm,占62.38%,优势体重组在14.3~150 g,占87.63%;体长体重关系为W=2×10-5L2.884;以臀鳞为年龄鉴定材料,结果显示,裸腹叶须鱼渔获样本由3~10龄组成,其中3~6龄个体占94.2%;von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=668.35[1-e~(-0.0662(t+0.83))],Wt=2807.6[1-e~(-0.0662(t+0.83))]~(2.884);生长系数k为0.066 2,说明裸腹叶须鱼为生长缓慢型鱼类;体重生长的拐点年龄为15.17龄,对应的体长和体重分别为436.61 mm和822.35 g。  相似文献   

2.
长江口凤鲚繁殖群体的年龄结构和生长特性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
2014年4~8月于凤鲚(Coilia mystus)繁殖盛期在长江口逐月采样,对凤鲚繁殖群体的雌性个体的年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究。年龄结构为1~3龄,共3个年龄组,其中1~2龄个体占87.06%。繁殖群体的平均体长和体质量分别为(151.66±21.13)mm、(16.97±6.34)g。体长与体质量关系为W=1.63×10~(-5)L~(2.75)(n=124,R~2=0.935 3),显著性差异检验表明凤鲚属于匀速生长类型(P0.05)。体长和体质量von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为:L_t=205.85[1-e~(-0.48(t+1.02)(],W_t=38.31[1-e~(-0.48(t+1.02))]2.75。体长生长速度曲线不具拐点;体质量生长速度的拐点年龄为1.11龄,与最小性成熟年龄一致,拐点年龄时对应的体长和体质量分别为131.02 mm和11.05 g。研究认为,长江口凤鲚繁殖群体低龄群体所占比例较大且体型有变小趋势。为更好地利用和保护凤鲚资源,应在拐点年龄之后进行捕捞。  相似文献   

3.
西藏布裙湖全唇裂腹鱼年龄与生长的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
全唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax integrilabiatus)仅见于西藏地区雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱县境内的布裙湖,在物种进化和资源保护方面具有重要的研究价值。以耳石为年龄鉴定材料,对分布于布裙湖全唇裂腹鱼的年龄结构和生长特性进行了初步研究。结果显示,在所采集的252个样本中共包含7个年龄组(1~7龄),其中优势年龄组为1~3龄(占72.22%);体长与体重的关系方程为W=0.015 2 L3.057,属于匀速生长;采用von Bertalanffy模拟的生长方程为Lt=27.150[1-e~(-0.154(t+0.527))],W_t=368.029[1-e~(-0.154(t+0.527))]3.057。全唇裂腹鱼的体长生长速度曲线无拐点,随着年龄增长逐年降低,体重生长具有生长拐点,拐点年龄为6.73龄,所对应的体长和体重分别为18.27 cm和109.61 g。初步研究表明,全唇裂腹鱼属小型、低龄鱼类。  相似文献   

4.
针对2013年和2014年采自青岛胶州湾的209尾铠平鲉(Sebastes hubbsi)样本开展了年龄、生长和种群繁殖力研究。耳石轮纹结构的年龄鉴定结果显示,铠平鲉的年龄分布范围为1~+~7~+龄,2~+~4~+龄为优势年龄组(77.5%)。体长与体重呈幂函数关系:W=8×10~(-5) L~(2.797)(R~2=0.861)。Von Bertalanffy体长生长方程为L_t=131.4×[1-e~(-0.269(t+2.697))],体重生长方程为W_t=63.6×[1-~(e-0.269(t+2.697))]~(2.797)。其生长过程可分为3个阶段:(1)1~+~3~+龄为快速生长期;(2)3~+~6~+龄为成熟稳定期;(3)6~+龄以后为高龄衰老期。所采样本的性比(2.12︰1)明显偏离1︰1(P0.05),雌性个体样本数在各体长段均高于雄性个体。性腺指数(GSI)和肝脏指数(HSI)变化趋势相反,肝脏可能为其性腺发育提供物质基础和能量来源。绝对怀卵量波动于482~6166粒,平均值为3266粒;相对体长怀卵量显著低于卵生鱼类,表明卵胎生鱼类体内胚胎发育、孵化的护卵方式可能使其以较少的怀卵量即可维持种的延续。结合拐点年龄对应的拐点体重及50%性成熟体长,建议以体长80 mm、体重20 g作为铠平鲉的开捕标准,以维护青岛胶州湾铠平鲉资源的可持续利用。  相似文献   

5.
为丰富白缘鱼央(Liobagrus marginatus)的基础生物学资料,在金沙江支流黑水河采集白缘鱼央244尾,分析其年龄结构、生长特性和生活史类型,并通过脊椎骨进行其年龄鉴定。结果显示,黑水河白缘鱼央由5个年龄组构成,其中以2龄个体为主,占50.4%。全长与体重的关系式为W=3×10~(-5)L~(2.78)(R~2=0.947),全长与体重的Von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为L_t=133.13[1-e~(-0.24(t+1.92))]和W_t=24.02[-e~(-0.24(t+1.92))]~(2.78)。体重生长速度和加速度均具有拐点,拐点年龄为2.34龄,拐点体长85.19 mm,拐点体重6.30 g。通过模糊聚类法分析,确认白缘鱼央属于r-选择鱼类。研究表明,白缘鱼央的种群结构呈现低龄化,水电开发和过度捕捞是影响其种群结构的主要因素;白缘鱼央的捕捞规格应该高于其拐点年龄,即体长大于85.19 mm,体重大于6.30 g。  相似文献   

6.
对2015年9月在太湖采集的200尾鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)样本进行了年龄结构和生长特征的研究,结果显示:年龄结构由0~+—5~+龄共6个年龄组组成,1~+龄鱼的数量比例最大,约占42.0%,体长与体质量呈显著的幂指数关系,方程为W=1.96×10-5 L~(2.9842),太湖鲢为匀速生长类型,生长性能良好。Von Bertalanffy生长方程为L_t=105.27[1-e~(-0.1855(t+0.670))],W_t=21.2388[1-e~(-0.1855(t+0.670))]~(2.9842),其生长呈现先快速增长后逐步趋于稳定的过程,生长拐点年龄为5.22龄,建议将此年龄时的体长(约70.0 cm)作为太湖鲢开捕体长,现阶段宜将太湖鲢的捕捞量控制在614.0 t左右。研究结果为太湖鲢资源的保护与合理利用提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
长江干流圆口铜鱼的年龄与生长研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用鳞片材料对采自长江干流宜昌和重庆江段圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)的年龄进行鉴定,并对其生长方程、生长拐点等生物学特征进行了研究。结果表明,调查江段圆口铜鱼的年龄组成以1、2龄个体为主;体长(L)和鳞径(R)呈线性关系,L=15.327R+71.349;体重(W)与体长(L)呈幂指数关系,W=0.00002L2.9942;体长von Bertalanfy生长方程为Lt=730.15[1-e-0.12(t+1.01)];体重生长方程为Wt=7493.05[1-e-0.12(t+1.01)]2.9942;其生长拐点年龄为8.13龄。圆口铜鱼体长生长3龄前为快速期,之后生长减缓。为了保护长江干流圆口铜鱼资源,建议以278mm为最小捕捞个体的体长。  相似文献   

8.
武湖翘嘴红鲌年龄和生长的研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  
报道了武湖翘嘴红鲌的年龄生长特点.其渔获物中2+和3+龄个体占57.1%,体长以300～600mm为主,体长与鳞长之间呈直线相关L=6.1814+90.4837 R,体重与体长呈指数函数相关W=2.045 ×10-6L3.2585,3+龄以前生长最快,生长指标高,体长和体重的相对增长率大,其生长规律符合Von Bertalanffy方程L1=1 404.9(1-e-0.10(t+0.71)),W1=3.629×14(1-e-0.10(t+0.71))3.2585,捕捞3龄以上个体较为合理.  相似文献   

9.
鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)是长江重要经济鱼类之一,长江中游是其重要栖息地。为研究其种群现状,2016—2017年对长江宜昌—荆州江段鲢开展了周年调查,共采集鲢样品470尾。结果显示,鲢的年龄范围为1～7龄,体长范围为18.2～93.8 cm,优势年龄组为3～5龄(72.7%),优势体长组为40～70 cm (77.2%);体长和体重关系式为W=4.0413×10~(-5)L~(2.7546)(R~2=0.9297,n=470),为非匀速生长类型;von Bertalanffy生长方程为:L_t=104.7[1-e~(-0.1603(t+0.89))], W_t=14.81[1-e~(-0.1603(t+0.89))]~(2.7546);生长参数为φ=3.2448, L_∞=104.7 cm, W_∞=14.81 kg;鲢生长拐点为5.43龄,拐点体长和体重为L_(tp)=66.6827cm,W_(tp)=4.2753kg。本研究表明长江中游鲢种群年龄结构得到了一定恢复,但生长性能出现衰退,建议加强鲢的种群及其栖息地的保护。  相似文献   

10.
云龙湖水库青梢鲌的生长特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用鳞片和耳石对取自云龙湖水库的青梢鲌(Erythroculter dabryi)进行了年龄鉴定,并对其生长特性进行分析。结果显示:以鳞片和耳石为年龄鉴定材料时,二者的吻合率分别为59.57%和90.16%。年龄鉴定结果显示,所捕获的青梢鲌由1~8龄个体组成,主要是3~5龄个体;个体体长与耳石半径之间呈直线相关:L=9.5632R-0.1595(R2=0.995,n=175),体重与体长呈指数函数相关:W=1.07×10-2L3.3035,其生长规律符合von Bertalanffy方程:Lt=20.4741(1-e-0.2531(t+0.8056)),Wt=229.5864(1-e-0.2531(t+0.8056))3.3035;青梢鲌生长拐点年龄为3.92龄,对应的体长为14.28 cm,体重为69.88 g;3.92龄为合理的捕捞时期。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.  相似文献   

19.
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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