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利用细胞学方法对2个普通小麦-Elymus rectisetus(Nees in Lehm)A.Lve et Connor衍生系1059A1和1063A1进行了鉴定,并对它们的细胞学稳定性、白粉病抗性、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成和植物学性状进行了研究。2个衍生系在形态学和细胞学上已经基本稳定,根尖体细胞含有44条染色体,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MI)染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ,与普通小麦亲本Fukuhokomugi杂交F1PMC MI染色体构型为2n=20Ⅱ 3Ⅰ。结果表明,它们均为普通小麦-E.rectisetus异代换-附加系。白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明,2种异代换-附加系高感白粉病。2种异代换-附加系及亲本的SDS-PAGE分析表明,它们的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与Fukuhokomugi相同。 相似文献
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利用杂交、回交、自交相结合的方法从小麦烟农15与中问偃麦草（Thinopyrum intermedium（Host）Bark worth and Dewey,ElE1E2E2StSt,2n=6x=42）杂交后代（BC3F6）中选出抗白粉病种质系SN 996221。在对其白粉病抗性等主要农艺性状鉴定的基础上,进行了细胞学分析。结果表明：SN996221高抗小麦白粉病,其抗性可能来源于中问偃麦草;其根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I（PMC MI）染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ,与普通小麦的杂种F1PMC M I大多数细胞能观察到2个单价体,染色体构型为2n=1.02I＋20.49Ⅱ,SN 996221可能是一个小麦一中间偃麦草的异代换系。 相似文献
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Elymus rectisetus (Nees in Lehm) A. Löve et Connor是目前小麦族中发现的唯一的无融合生殖种,为了鉴定和标记从普通小麦与E. rectisetus BC2F2衍生后代中选育的2n=44株系1026A1、1057A1和1035A2的外源染色体,应用细胞学、基因组原位杂交和RAPD方法进行了研究。经细胞学鉴定,3个株系花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ（PMC MⅠ）染色体构型均为2n=22Ⅱ,与普通小麦Fukuhokomugi杂交F1的PMC MⅠ染色体构型均为2n =21Ⅱ+1Ⅰ,两两杂交F1的PMC MⅠ染色体构型均为2n=21Ⅱ+2Ⅰ,表明它们是分别附加了1对互不相同外源染色体的普通小麦-E. rectisetus二体异附加系。标记E. rectisetus品系1050的基因组DNA为探针DNA,对3个异附加系进行原位杂交,分别鉴定出附加的1对E. rectisetus染色体。应用13个引物对2个亲本和3个异附加系进行RAPD分析,获得了可分别用于检测1026A1和1057A1中所附加的E. rectisetus染色体遗传物质的分子标记OPB-14900bp、OPE-09750bp和OPB-141000bp。 相似文献
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小偃麦异代换系抗病基因的鉴定及其SSR分子标记 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小偃麦山农87074-557是小麦一长穗偃麦草双体异代换系,它保留了偃麦草的许多优良特性,是小麦抗病育种和遗传改良的基础材料.本文利用接种鉴定法对山农87074-557的抗病性进行鉴定表明:其对白粉病和条锈病均表现免疫,其抗性基因来源于长穗偃麦草,且其白粉病和条锈病抗性均分别受1对显性基因控制.在592对小麦SSR引物中寻找到1个标记Xgwm344120/150与白粉病抗性基因和条锈病抗性基因连锁,推测白粉病抗性基因可能为新基因,条锈病抗性基因可能不同于已定位的抗小麦条锈病基因. 相似文献
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中间偃麦草抗小麦白粉病基因导入及其抗性评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为利用中间偃麦草对小麦白粉病的抗性,通过八倍体小偃麦TAI7045与普通小麦杂交、回交,育成一批兼抗我国黄淮麦区和西南麦区小麦白粉病、条锈病的新品系和新材料。抗性评价结果表明,无论苗期还是成株期,对小麦白粉病菌优势小种E09及强毒力小种E20、E21表现为免疫或高抗的有57份,占测试材料的67.9%;中抗的有10份,占11.9%,且对白粉病的抗性来自中间偃麦草。对随机选取的4份抗病品系及其与普通小麦的杂交F1进行了根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体计数和花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MI)染色体构型分析,结果表明,它们的染色体数目均为2n=42,4个材料及其与中国春杂交F1的平均染色体配对构型分别为0.13Ⅰ+19.75Ⅱ+0.06Ⅲ和0.16Ⅰ+20.06Ⅱ+0.04Ⅲ,而且与中国春小麦的染色体配对构型无显著差异,说明它们的染色体组成与普通小麦基本一致,在遗传学和细胞学上已具有良好的稳定性。 相似文献
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黑小麦与通北野燕麦杂交研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑小麦(2n=42)与通北野燕麦(Avena fatua L.2n=6x=42)杂交成功。F_1代出现两种类型,一种为具有燕麦复总状花序相近穗型的类型,共2株,有一部分小穗有枝梗,小穗着生处为园形膨大的结节。经PMC镜检,染色体构图为2n=18Ⅱ 6Ⅰ,全部不结实。另一种类型具有与黑小麦相近的穗型,共5株,部分结实,经PMC镜检表明,染色体构图为2n=20Ⅱ 2Ⅰ,2n=19Ⅱ 3Ⅰ,和2n=19Ⅱ 4Ⅰ。籽粒均不饱满。 相似文献
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八倍体小偃麦是由偃麦草与普通小麦远缘杂交后人工选育的新物种,它保留了偃麦草的许多优良性状,是小麦遗传改良和染色体工程研究的重要材料。本研究对八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦远缘杂种的衍生后代HBOT09035进行了形态学、细胞学和白粉病抗性鉴定。结果表明:种质材料HBOT09035整齐度好,株型紧凑,植株较矮,穗长较短,结实性稍低,分蘖能力较好;细胞学鉴定表明,根尖体细胞染色体数目为2 n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMCM I)不存在单价体或多价体,基本为环状二价体,染色体构型为2 n=21Ⅱ,减数分裂后期I(PMCA I)不存在落后染色体、染色体桥等现象,分离正常;白粉病抗性鉴定表明,HBOT 09035对白粉病有较高的抗性。种质材料HBOT09035在遗传上已经稳定,并且高抗白粉病,可以作为抗小麦白粉病育种新的种质资源。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献