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Association of blood cholesterol with occurrence of fat necrosis in cows and tall fescue summer toxicosis in steers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J A Stuedemann T S Rumsey J Bond S R Wilkinson L P Bush D J Williams A B Caudle 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(9):1990-1995
Factors associated with fat necrosis in cows and tall-fescue summer toxicosis in steers were studied. In the cow study, fescue pastures were fertilized, using 3 rates of N: high N (703 to 483 kg and 0 kg of N/ha/year from broiler litter in 1972 to 1974 and 1975, respectively), moderate N, and low N (224 and 74 kg of N/ha/yr from NH4NO3, 1972 to 1975, respectively). Bermuda grass pastures were fertilized at 2 rates of N: moderate N and low N (280 and 20 kg of N/ha/year from NH4NO3, 1972 to 1975, respectively). Fat necrosis developed only in cows grazing tall fescue, with an occurrence of 60%, 8%, and 3% for high-N, moderate-N, and low-N pastures, respectively. Cows grazing the high-N fescue, and to some extent those grazing the moderate-N fescue, had clinical signs of summer fescue toxicosis. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were lowest in cattle grazing the high-N fescue, averaging 114 mg/dl, followed by 134 and 127 mg/dl in cattle grazing the moderate-N and low-N fescue, respectively. In the steer grazing study, 24 paddocks of 0.49 ha each were seeded with tall-fescue lines G1-307 or G1-306 or with tall-fescue cultivars, KY-31 or Kenhy. All paddocks were fertilized with 170 kg of N/ha/year. Serum cholesterol concentrations were lower in steers grazing on G1-307 than in steers grazing on G1-306 or cultivars. Serum total lipids followed a similar trend, with a positive correlation (r = 0.49) between cholesterol and total lipids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Tobias Schwarz MA Dr. Med. Vet. Federica Morandi DVM Giacomo Gnudi Dr. Med. Vet. Erik Wisner DVM Calum Paterson MSc Martin Sullivan BVMS PhD Pamela Johnston BVM&S PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(4):335-339
The radiographic appearance of nodular fat necrosis is described in ten cats and one dog. The most common radiographic sign was the presence of a focal mineralized circular to oval soft tissue mass in the abdominal fat as present in 9 cats. These masses had a distinct eggshell-like rim encapsulating the lesion. In one cat and one dog multiple masses were present, without radiographic signs of mineralization. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in three cats and one dog, findings included the presence of hyperechoic masses with associated acoustic shadowing, some with a hypoechoic centre. Almost all animals were old and obese. In three cats and one dog, changes were confirmed with biopsy or post mortem examination. Lesions having the appearance of those in this paper are most likely incidental findings and should not be confused with abdominal masses of neoplastic origin. Ultrasound can be helpful in identifying such lesions. 相似文献
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Two experiments were conducted with Polypay ewes nursing twin lambs to evaluate the effects of supplementing fat (calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids or hydrogenated tallow) on ewe lactation. In Exp. 1, ewes were fed a 52% concentrate:48% hay-based diet (as-fed basis) consisting of alfalfa hay (n = 4), endophyte-free fescue hay (n = 4), or fescue hay with 3.7% fatty acids (n = 4) from d 4 to 56 of lactation. In Exp. 2, ewes were fed similar diets that had endophyte-free fescue hay (n = 6), fescue hay with 3.7% fatty acids (n = 5), or fescue hay with 3.1% tallow (n = 6) from d 14 before lambing until d 57 of lactation. Diet formulations with supplemental fat were more nutrient dense, and treatments were fed to meet ewe nutrient requirements; this caused diets with added fat to be offered at 10 and 17% lower rates than unsupplemented diets in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Lambs were maintained to consume only ewe milk. Ewe milk production and composition were determined using a portable milking machine following a 3-h separation from lambs. In Exp. 1, milk fat content was increased (P < 0.01) when ewes consumed fescue hay with fatty acids vs. the fescue hay diet (11.4 vs. 8.3%). Ewes fed fescue hay with fatty acids lost the most (P < 0.05) weight over lactation (-8.6 kg) compared with ewes fed the alfalfa hay (-2.4 kg) and fescue hay (-3.8 kg) diets. Other milk measures, lamb gain, and production efficiencies were not changed. In Exp. 2, ewes supplemented with fatty acids produced more (P < 0.05) milk fat than those fed tallow (290 vs. 210 g/d). The proportion of synthesized milk fat 14:0 was decreased (P < 0.01), but the percentage of incorporated 16:0 increased (P < 0.05) when fatty acids were fed. Dietary fat digestibility by ewes was increased (P < 0.01) by fatty acid supplementation but decreased (P < 0.01) when tallow was added. Although ewe weight measures were not changed in Exp. 2, twin lamb gain per ewe organic matter intake was most efficient (P < 0.05) when ewes were supplemented with fatty acids. Results suggest that feeding hydrogenated tallow decreased nutrient availability for ewe milk fat production. A complete diet based on endophyte-free fescue hay can replace a traditional alfalfa hay diet, whereas supplementing with the calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids may be more feasible when energy is limiting during ewe lactation. 相似文献
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Tharwat M Buczinski S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(1):41-46
This study describes the ultrasonographic findings in 14 cows with abdominal fat necrosis. Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed the presence of heterogeneous hyperechoic masses and hyperechoic omentum with localized masses floating in a hypoechoic peritoneal fluid. A hyperechogenic rim was imaged around both kidneys. The intestines were coated with hyperechoic capsules and the intestinal lumens were constricted. Ultrasonographic examination of the pancreatic parenchyma showed an overall increased echogenicity which was homogenously distributed in 3 cases. A diagnosis of abdominal fat necrosis was made with ultrasound-guided biopsy of the echogenic masses, and thereafter at postmortem examination. Results from this study demonstrate the efficacy of ultrasonography as an imaging modality for antemortem diagnosis of abdominal lipomatosis in cattle. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first that illustrates ultrasonographic findings in cattle affected with abdominal lipomatosis. 相似文献
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YANG Jia-da 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(6):1538-1546
In order to understand the regularities of A-FABP gene expression in Guizhou native goats,and to establish the theoretical basis of molecular marker assisted selection for meat quality traits,β-actin gene was used as control,expression levels of A-FABP gene in livers,kidneys,hearts,lungs,longissimus muscle,semimembranosus muscle and subcutaneous fat of Qiandongnan small Xiang goat,Guizhou White goat,Guizhou Black goat,Qianbei Ma goat and Nanjiang Yellow goat were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The results showed that A-FABP gene was expressed in all 7 tissues of 5 goat breeds,and the expression levels of A-FABP gene mRNA were all high in subcutaneous fat of 5 goat breeds;In subcutaneous fat,which was the main tissue of A-FABP gene expression in Guizhou native goats,and in longissimus muscle and semimembranosus muscle,which were directly associated with meat production property,A-FABP gene mRNA levels were all high in Qiandongnan small Xiang goat.The results suggested that the tissue distribution patterns of A-FABP gene mRNA in Guizhou native goat breeds were similar to each other.The excellent meat quality of Qiandongnan small Xiang goat might be related with the high expression levels of A-FABP gene mRNA in it's subcutaneous fat,longissimus muscle and semimembranosus muscle. 相似文献
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鸡的微卫星DNA标记与胴体性状的相关分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
测定了青脚麻鸡与隐性白鸡杂交后自交的F2代个体的全净堂重、全净堂率、脂肪宽带、腹脂重和腹脂率6个胴体性状,检测10个微卫星DNA标记,对标记基因型胴体性状值进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明:MCW328对于10周龄体重和全净膛重两性状各基因型均有显著的差异(P<0.05);ADL292对于腹脂重性状各基因型有极显著的差异(P<0.01),对于腹脂率有显著的差异(P<0.05)。MCW328标记基因与控制10周龄体重和全净膛重QTL连锁,ADL292标记基因与控制腹脂重和腹脂率QTL连锁。 相似文献
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为弄清贵州地方山羊脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein,A-FABP)基因mRNA的表达规律,奠定肉质性状分子标记辅助选择的理论基础,试验以β-actin基因为内参,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测黔东南小香羊、贵州白山羊、贵州黑山羊、黔北麻羊和南江黄羊共5个山羊品种心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、背最长肌、半膜肌及皮下脂肪7个组织器官中A-FABP基因的表达.结果表明,5个山羊品种7个组织中都有A-FABP基因表达,且5个品种中皮下脂肪A-FABP基因的表达水平都较高;在贵州地方山羊A-FABP基因表达的最主要组织--皮下脂肪,以及在与产肉性能直接相关的组织--背最长肌和半膜肌中,黔东南小香羊A-FABP基因mRNA水平都较高.结果提示,贵州地方山羊A-FABP基因mRNA的组织分布模式相似,黔东南小香羊的优良肉质特性或许与其皮下脂肪、背最长肌和半膜肌中A-FABP基因的高表达有关. 相似文献
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KLF2对山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
旨在克隆山羊KLF2基因的锌指结构域序列,明确其在组织及细胞表达模式,最终阐明其对山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响及可能发挥作用的方式。本研究以5只1周岁左右的健康简州大耳羊为试验动物,利用RT-PCR、细胞培养、实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR）、RNA干扰等方法克隆KLF2基因锌指结构,明确KLF2基因的时空表达特性并阐明其对肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响。结果显示,本研究获得的山羊KLF2锌指结构域为454 bp（KU041748.1）,且该结构域与绵羊、牛、小鼠的同源性为100%。KLF2在山羊各组织中存在广泛表达,且在肺和腹间脂肪中存在较高水平表达（P<0.05）。KLF2在山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的表达呈先下降又上升然后又下降趋势,且在成脂诱导分化12 h呈最低表达水平,显著低于在未分化的前体脂肪细胞中的表达水平（P<0.05）。油红O染色结果显示,干扰KLF2基因可明显促进山羊肌内脂肪细胞的脂滴积聚;并且PPARγ和C/EBPβ表达量伴随着这个过程分别极显著上调48.5%（P<0.01）和显著上调43.6%（P<0.05）;同时该家族中的KLF1、KLF13、KLF14、KLF15和KLF16表达水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,KLF4显著下降（P<0.05）,KLF3、KLF6、KLF8、KLF9及KLF11极显著下降（P<0.01）。山羊KLF2的锌指结构域与其他物种同源性高度保守,且其在山羊肺和腹间脂肪中表达量较高（P<0.05）。同时KLF2是山羊肌内脂肪细胞分化的负调控因子,并且可能通过PPARγ和C/EBPβ基因来发挥作用,且与其他KLFs基因存在等级调控现象。 相似文献
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G K Haibel P D Constable J L Rojko 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(4):627-629
A mature nulliparous Saanen-type goat examined for episodes of vulvar hemorrhage had coalescing nodular vaginal masses. The histopathologic diagnosis from a biopsy specimen was leiomyofibromatosis. Because of the relationship of these tumors in bitches to cystic ovaries and the nonrecurrence in bitches after excision and ovariectomy, abdominal exploration was performed. Bilaterally cystic ovaries were removed, and the vaginal tumors slowly regressed over the subsequent year, although transvaginal adhesions formed because of the extensive superficial necrosis originally present. 相似文献
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Postweaning growth patterns and preweaning milk and forage intake were observed over a 4-yr period for 137 Angus calves allowed either fescue-legume or fescue pastures preweaning. After weaning, calves grazed fescue pasture until spring for a slow growth phase and then fescue, orchard grass, bluegrass and ladino clover pastures for 4 mo. Following this period, the calves were confined and fed shelled corn and a 36% crude protein supplement until they reached 12 mm of fat over the 12th rib. The spring growing period and the finishing period were classified as a rapid growth phase. Calves that were fatter at weaning lost more fat, but gained more in wither height during the slow growth phase, than those that were thinner at weaning. Apparently, fatter calves were more capable of continuous skeletal growth on a low plane of nutrition because they could retrieve fat energy for this growth. In spring, calves that had been relatively fat at weaning held no advantage in fatness, but had larger frames. Therefore, during the rapid growth phase, they were able to fatten more rapidly than those that were thinner at weaning. Also, calves that were more efficient in preweaning growth had more capacity for rapid postweaning growth when restricted to relatively low quality pasture. Preweaning pasture type influenced pattern of postweaning growth. Part of this influence was associated with differences detected at weaning. An additional part was associated with efficiency of forage and milk utilization during the preweaning phase. 相似文献
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为研究脂联素（AdipoQ）基因在藏山羊中的表达模式及相关功能,本试验利用生物信息学和比较基因组学方法克隆得到藏山羊AdipoQ基因序列;半定量RT-PCR和qPCR方法检测AdipoQ基因在成年藏山羊11个不同组织中的表达模式及不同脂肪组织中AdipoQ基因的相对表达量。结果显示,藏山羊AdipoQ基因编码区与牛、猪、人等哺乳动物AdipoQ基因同源性较高;AdipoQ基因在脂肪组织中表达量最高,在肌肉组织和胃中表达量较低,而在其他各组织中未检测到表达;AdipoQ基因在肾周脂肪组织中的表达量高于肠系膜脂肪组织和皮下脂肪组织中的表达量,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。本研究得到藏山羊AdipoQ基因序列、组织表达模式及不同脂肪组织中的相对表达量,为进一步研究藏山羊AdipoQ基因的功能奠定基础。 相似文献
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[目的]研究营养强化低脂羊奶粉对幼龄动物生长发育及脂肪含量的影响。[方法]给予幼龄SD大鼠营养强化低脂羊奶粉,试验周期42天。测定动物生长发育指标（体重、体长）、食物利用率、甘油三酯、胆固醇,及体内脂肪和股骨骨密度。[结果]营养强化低脂羊奶粉组与空白组比较,生长发育指标（体重、体长）无不良影响,股骨骨密度明显升高（P<0.01）,营养强化低脂羊奶粉对体脂无明显影响。[结论]营养强化低脂羊奶粉可促进幼龄SD大鼠骨骼生长,对血脂含量及体脂率无影响。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical, clinicopathologic, and postmortem abnormalities in New World camelids with pancreatic necrosis. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 10 llamas and 1 alpaca. PROCEDURES: Medical records of animals in which a diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis had been made on the basis of histologic examination of necropsy specimens or on the basis of clinical signs and results of clinicopathologic testing were reviewed. RESULTS: The initial owner complaint varied, and various other conditions were diagnosed. Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities were vague. Amylase activity was higher in abdominal fluid than in serum in 5 of 7 animals, and lipase activity was higher in abdominal fluid than in serum in all 7. Four animals survived, and 7 died or were euthanatized. Only 1 of the animals that died had marked inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. All 7 had necrosis and saponification of fat in and surrounding the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that pancreatic necrosis may develop in New World camelids, but clinical signs are vague, and the condition may easily be confused with other diseases. The only laboratory test that appeared to be helpful in the antemortem diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis was comparison of amylase and lipase activities in abdominal fluid and serum. 相似文献
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The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of grazing sheep and goat milk fat, throughout their lactation period, was examined. Six sheep and six goat representative farms were selected at random and milk samples were taken at monthly intervals for fatty acids profile determination. Sheep and goat nutrition was based on natural grazing and on supplementary feeding during the winter months. From April onwards, grazing native pastures was the only source of feed for sheep and goats. The University farm whose sheep are kept indoors all year round without any grazing, was also used as reference. Fifteen individual milk samples were also taken in April from a sheep and goat farm respectively, in order to see the variability of CLA inside the farm. The results showed that: a. the CLA content of grazing sheep and goat milk fat increased significantly in April–May (early growth stage of grass) and then declined while that of indoors kept sheep was more or less constant during the same period, b. the isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 of CLA were found in grazing sheep milk fat, while in indoors kept sheep and goats' milk fat only the cis-9, trans-11 isomer was found, c. the CLA content of sheep milk fat was much higher than that of goats, d. a negative correlation between sheep milk fat and CLA content was found and e. there was considerable variation in milk fat CLA content between sheep and goat farms and inside the farms. 相似文献
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Interactions of the regression of preweaning ADG on dam milk yield and quality with breed group and forage environment were evaluated in a two-phase study. Phase I consisted of milk yield and quality and calf gain records from 1989 to 1991 for purebred Angus (n = 64) and Brahman (n = 62) cows mated to sires of both breeds. Phase II consisted of milk yield and quality and calf gain records from 1991 to 1997 for Angus (n = 94), Brahman (n = 85), Angus x Brahman (n = 86) and Brahman x Angus (n = 93) mated to Polled Hereford sires. In Phase I, forage environments included common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue. In Phase II, forage environments included common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue (1991 to 1995) and a rotational system of both forages (1995 to 1997) in which each forage was grazed during its appropriate growing season, usually June through October for bermudagrass and November through May for tall fescue. Milk yield was estimated monthly six times during lactation from spring through fall and converted to a 24-h basis. Milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count were analyzed by a commercial laboratory. In Phase I, the relation of preweaning ADG to milk yield, milk fat yield, and protein yield was greater (P < 0.05) in Brahman cows on bermudagrass than Angus on bermudagrass. The regression of preweaning ADG on milk yield in Phase I was greater (P < 0.05) for cows on tall fescue than cows which grazed bermudagrass. In Phase II, the relation of preweaning ADG to milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk protein yield was greater or tended to be greater (P < 0.01, P < 0.11, P < 0.01, respectively) in purebred cows compared to reciprocal-cross cows. The regression of preweaning ADG on milk yield and milk protein yield was greater (P < 0.05) on tall fescue than bermudagrass in Phase II. These results suggest that the influence of milk yield and quality on calf growth may differ among breed types and production system, and the efficacy of genetic improvements in milk traits may depend on the breed type and forage environment. 相似文献
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Botha CJ Naudé TW Moroe ML Rottinghaus GE 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2004,75(1):45-48
The 1st outbreak of fescue toxicosis in South Africa was recently confirmed in a Brahman herd at Perdekop, near Standerton, in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Within 3 weeks of being placed on a fescue pasture in mid-winter, 50 of 385 cattle developed lameness and/or necrosis of the tail. The farmer had established Festuca elatior L. (tall fescue, Iewag variety) on c. 140 ha for winter grazing. Fescue may be infected by an endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum, which produces ergot alkaloids, in particular ergovaline. Ergovaline concentrations in basal leaf sheaths and grass stems collected during the outbreak ranged from 1720-8170 ppb on a dry-matter basis. 相似文献
18.
The metabolic activity and cellularity of adipocytes isolated from the abdominal adipose tissue of normal heifers and heifers with fat necrosis were compared. The basal rate of U-14C glucose incorporation into total lipids in adipocytes from the periphery of the necrotic mass was higher than that in the colonic mesentery of both the affected and normal heifers. In the affected animals, adipocytes from the mesentery of the spiral colon and adipocytes from the periphery of the necrotic mass failed significantly to increase the incorporation of labelled acetate and glucose, respectively, in response to insulin. In the presence of adrenalin, adipocytes from the colonic mesentery and the periphery of the necrotic mass of the affected heifers released more glycerol than adipocytes from the colonic mesentery of normal animals. In addition, the mean diameters of adipocytes from the colonic mesentery and the periphery of the necrotic mass of the affected heifers were significantly greater than those from the colonic mesentery of normal animals. These results indicate that excessive fattiness in abdominal adipose tissue may predispose cattle to fat necrosis. 相似文献
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In vivo estimation of goat carcass composition and body fat partition by real-time ultrasonography 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The accuracy of ultrasound measurements to assess goat carcass composition and the partition of body fat depots was evaluated. An ultrasound machine with a 5-MHz probe and image analysis was used to assess in vivo fat thickness and muscle depth in 56 Spanish Celtiberica adult goats, in lumbar and breast body regions. The goats were slaughtered and the weight of body fat depots recorded. Measurements corresponding to the in vivo ultrasound fat thickness and muscle depth were taken on carcasses. The left sides of carcasses were completely dissected into their components. The best relationships (r = 0.94, P < 0.01) between in vivo and carcass measurements of fat thickness were obtained when measurements were taken at the sternum, and the best anatomical point was located between the third and fourth sternebrae. The best correlation coefficients (r = 0.84) for muscle depth were found for measurements taken between the third and the fourth lumbar vertebrae at 2 cm from the middle of the vertebral column. Body weight and ultrasound measurements were used to fit the best multiple regression equations to predict carcass composition and the partition of body fat depots. All equations, with the exception of those for muscle quantity, omental, and total body fat depot amounts, were computed after performing a logarithmic transformation. Body weight in association with the ultrasound measurement taken at largest LM muscle depth, between the first and second lumbar vertebrae accounted for 90% of the muscle weight. Body weight was the first variable admitted into the prediction models of muscle, mesenteric fat, and total body fat and accounted for 82, 67, and 79% of the variation in tissue weights, respectively. The ultrasound measurement of fat thickness taken at the third sternebra was the first variable admitted into the prediction models for intermuscular fat, kidney and pelvic fat, and total carcass fat and accounted for by 73, 75, 71, and 79% of the variation in the weight of these fat depots, respectively. The ultrasound measurements taken in the breast region, particularly at the third and fourth sternebrae, were the most suitable for assessing fat thickness. The results of this experiment suggest that BW associated with some in vivo ultrasonic fat measurements allow the accurate prediction of goat carcass composition and body fat depots. 相似文献
20.
Twelve Rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with about 500 000 malaria parasites, Plasmodium knowlesi. Acute hemolysis occurred 5 days later, and all animals died on the 6th or 7th day after inoculation. All organs were gray-green to gray-brown because of deposition of hemoglobin and malaria pigments. This deposition was particularly striking in the lung, brain, abdominal fat and serous surfaces. Microscopic changes indicative of acute hypoxia were found in the liver (centrilobular necrosis) and kidneys (acute tubular necrosis). Terminal intravascular coagulopathy was evidenced by widely distributed, recently formed, fibrin thrombi. 相似文献