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碱茅（Puccinellia tenuiflora）对盐胁迫及渗透胁迫的适应性反应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
盆栽条件下对碱茅在等渗的盐（ＮａＣｌ）及渗透胁迫（ＰＥＧ模拟）下的生长，水分含量，离子（Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋）吸收与选择性以及渗透反应进行了比较研究。结果表明，在－０．０１～－１．５ＭＰａ渗透势范围内，随渗透势降低植株的干重及水分含量均迅速降低，ＰＥＧ胁迫比等渗的ＮａＣｌ胁迫下降幅更大。ＮａＣｌ及ＮａＣｌ＋ＰＥＧ胁迫下，随溶液渗透势的降低（或ＮａＣｌ浓度的增大）植株Ｎａ＋浓度，Ｎａ＋／Ｋ＋及对Ｋ＋（相对于Ｎａ＋）的选择性均迅速增大，而Ｋ＋浓度未显著变化。植株Ｎａ＋主要是被动吸收的结果，而Ｋ＋则是主动的选择性吸收的结果。植株渗透势随胁迫溶液渗透势降低而线性降低，ＮａＣｌ胁迫下植株渗透势约比等渗的ＰＥＧ胁迫下低－０．１４～－０．２０ＭＰａ。ＮａＣｌ胁迫下，当渗透势高于－０．９ＭＰａ时，植株渗透势的降低（渗透反应）主要可归于由Ｎａ＋积累引起的渗透调节与脱水；渗透势－０．９～－１．５ＭＰａ时，渗透调节可解释植株渗透反应的７２％～７８％（其中，由Ｎａ＋引起的渗透调节占总渗透调节的５６％～７３％），脱水可解释２２％～２８％。ＰＥＧ胁迫下，当溶液渗透势高于－０．７ＭＰａ时，植株的渗透反应主要是脱水引起的；渗透势－０．７～－１．５ 相似文献
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利用1980年土地覆盖数据,1994年和2008年两期Landsat TM遥感影像资料, 采用3S技术研究了新疆巴里坤哈萨克自治县1980－2008年的土地利用/土地覆被变化的特征。结果表明,在过去的28年内巴里坤县居民及工矿用地、耕地和林地持续增加,水域持续减少,草地先减少后增加,整体增加,未利用地先增加后减少,整体减少。1994－2008年较1980－1994年的土地利用类型综合动态度增加,说明土地利用变化速度加快。气候变暖和各类生态工程是巴里坤土地利用/土地覆被变化的主要驱动因素。 相似文献
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２００１－２０１１年甘南草地植被覆盖度动态变化分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
植被覆盖度是衡量草地植被生长状况的重要指标,对评价分析植被恢复状况具有重要意义。利用２００１－２０１１年每年５－１０月的Ｔｅｒｒａ／ＭＯＤＩＳ月植被指数数据,结合２００６－２００９年甘南草地调查资料建立了甘南州草地生长季的植被覆盖度遥感反演模型,对比研究了不同草地植被覆盖度模型的精度,模拟分析了甘南州２００１－２０１１年草地生长季期间不同等级的草地植被盖度时空分布特征及面积变化动态。研究结果表明,ＭＯＤＩＳ－ＥＶＩ可以
最大限度地减少环境因子的影响,在植被覆盖度高的地区使用更具优势,能很好地反映各类植被覆盖度的空间和时间差异性。ＭＯＤＩＳ增强型植被指数ＥＶＩ的对数函数（y ＝３３．６５８ｌｎx＋１１２．６５）可以较好地模拟甘南州草地植被盖度分布状况,总精度可达９３．３１％。近１１年甘南州的草地植被盖度总体呈波动上升趋势,其中２００１年、２００３年和２００８年草地植被覆盖明显偏低,２００５年植被覆盖度最高,平均达７８．４３％。甘南州中西部及西南部地区的草地植被覆盖度较东部更好。甘南州近１１年以来草地植被均以高和较高植被覆盖度为主,其余等级的草地植被覆盖度所占比例相对较小（６．９８％）且稳定。总体上,甘南草地具有由高植被盖度向较高植被盖度转换的趋势。 相似文献
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碱茅营养吸收对盐胁迫及渗透胁迫的反应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在０．０－－１．５ＭＰａ渗透势范围内，盐分及渗透胁迫对碱茅植株Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ百分含量无显著影响。但随渗透降低，植株Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ吸收量迅速降低。 相似文献
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碱茅属植物种植改良河西硫酸盐土壤的机制在于：（１）碱茅属植物被覆盖降低土壤蒸发（主要通过植物叶面蒸腾散水），相应地减少地表积盐，碱茅属植物草地的积盐速度比灌水裸地低３－７倍，在减少盐分向上转移中，植被起重要作用；（２）草地建植后的前期脱盐中，灌水起主导作用。在研究地区的１５３６．３ｇ／ｍ＾２总脱盐量中，由灌水淋溶向下的可溶性转移盐量占８９％，但无植物覆盖的裸地，仍能快速积盐，相反有植物覆盖者积盐速 相似文献
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品种与冬季覆盖对狗牙根耐寒性和根茎水分含量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在温带，草坪管理者利用狗牙根建植草坪主要关心其越冬率。由于狗牙根对初冬低温很敏感，直到仲冬其抗寒性才能达到最大。因此利用防寒覆盖的管理可以减轻冻害，并能促进休眠后的生长。本项研究在田间进行，历时３年。每年１２月初用粘胶纤维聚脂覆盖草坪，５月末搞通上覆盖物。本文探讨了覆盖对狗牙根耐寒性和根茎水分含量的影响，并对８个选育品种的耐寒性差异进行了评定。用电解质渗漏法和２，３，５－三苯四唑氯（ＴＴＣ）还原法 相似文献
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盐渍化土壤渗透势的电导测定及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文介绍了用电导法测定盐渍土壤渗透势的方法，并将此法用于测定河西盐渍化土壤和碱茅（Ｐ．ｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ）种子萌发期半致死渗透势。结果表明：河西盐渍化土壤浸提液的渗透势（ＯＰ，ＭＰａ）与电导率（ＥＣ，ｄｓｍ－１）呈指数关系，ＯＰ＝－０．０２５ＥＣ１．１９。研究区各类草地渗透势的变化特点是春、秋两季下降，夏季上升。２年生碱茅草地和撩荒地土壤０～１０ｃｍ层渗透势明显高于１０ｍ以下各层，其平均值分别是：－０．３４，－０．３１ＭＰａ；３年生碱茅草地渗透势升高，１０ｃｍ土层平均值为－０．０７ＭＰａ。碱茅种子萌发期的半致死渗透势为－０．９１ＭＰａ。 相似文献
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A dog was presented with mandibular paralysis, photophobia, and diffuse atrophy of the cranial skeletal muscles. Physical examination also revealed glossal paralysis, reduction of the swallowing reflex, reduction of the pupillary light response, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Cytologic and ultrastructural examinations of blood films, bone marrow, and lymph node aspirates were consistent with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Post-mortem examination revealed extensive, multisystemic neoplastic infiltration with marked involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems, especially the cranial and lumbar spinal nerves and associated ganglia. Neurologic manifestations are unusual in acute myelomonocytic leukemia in the dog. 相似文献
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渗灌对宁夏引黄灌区苜蓿生长性状及水分利用率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究渗灌对苜蓿土壤含水量、生产性能及水分利用效率的影响对苜蓿的科学渗灌具有重要意义。以宁夏引黄灌区紫花苜蓿为对象,对渗灌定额350(S35)、400(S40)、450(S45)和500(S50) m3·667 m-2和漫灌定额800 m3·667 m-2(CK)下的土壤含水量动态,苜蓿生长性状、饲用品质及灌溉水利用效率进行了研究。结果表明:1)整个生育期内,CK的土壤含水量和耗水量最高,S45的土壤含水量较低,渗灌较传统漫灌有利于保持土壤水分;CK在0~20 cm土层土壤水分变异系数最大,各渗灌0~40 cm土层变异较小,渗灌土壤含水量随土层加深而下降,土壤水分变异低于漫灌;2)渗灌可促进苜蓿的叶茎比、分枝数、叶面积指数、根系生物量以及粗蛋白含量的增加,降低酸性洗涤纤维含量,这在S45和S50下总体表现更明显;3)除S35外,其他渗灌的苜蓿草产量和粗蛋白产量均较对照有不同程度增加,说明适宜的渗灌量可提高苜蓿草产量和粗蛋白产量,提高灌溉水利用效率和苜蓿经济效益。研究认为,450 m3·667 m-2左右渗灌定额是宁夏引黄灌区苜蓿渗灌的适宜灌水量。 相似文献
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Pathology of experimental ureaplasma mastitis in ewes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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M. Postma W. Vanderhaeghen S. Sarrazin D. Maes J. Dewulf 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(1):63-74
Antimicrobial usage (AMU) has been described to be high in pig production. Although farmers are aware of the high usage, little is known about intervention to improve the situation. This study evaluated the extent to which AMU could be reduced in pig production by the optimization of herd management, biosecurity status, vaccination strategy, anthelmintic therapy and advice on prudent AMU. Furthermore, the effects of these interventions on the herd production results were explored. This intervention study was conducted on 61 Flemish pig herds and included three visits per herd. During the initial visit, information was gathered on herd management, biosecurity status (quantified by means of the Biocheck.UGent? risk‐based scoring system), vaccination strategy, anthelmintic therapy and AMU. This info was then translated into a herd‐specific action plan which was discussed with the farmer and herd veterinarian/other advisors during the second visit. In the final herd visit (±8 months later), comparable data were obtained to evaluate the progress. Overall, a significant improvement of 2.4 points external and 7 points internal biosecurity on the herds was obtained, combined with additional vaccination, anthelmintic therapy and prudent AMU. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the AMU with a decrease of 52% for the pigs from birth till slaughter and 32% for breeding animals, based on treatment incidences (TIs) and included an important reduction in the use of critically important antimicrobials. More importantly, the increased biosecurity levels and decreased AMU were combined with significantly improved technical results such as the number of weaned piglets per sow per year (+1.1), daily weight gain (+5.9 g/day) and mortality in the finisher period (?0.6%). Guided interventions as a team effort of farmer and herd veterinarian/other advisors have shown to be a promising method in the reduction of AMU in pig production. 相似文献
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The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is a part of the yet rather unknown diseases and the aetiology remains at the least hypothetical. This syndrome is characterized by a variable hypereosinophilemia as well as a massive infiltration of several organs by mature eosinophils, causing an important tissue damage leading to organ dysfunctions and resulting in the patient death. In this reported case, the acute idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was diagnosed in a 4-year rottweiler female dog based on an increased eosinophilemia and the infiltration of stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, spleen, ganglions, skin, lungs and bone marrow by mature eosinophiles. The acute development of the disease precluded any therapeutical hope success. 相似文献
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Martin J. Green Graham F. Medley Andrew J. Bradley William J. Browne 《Veterinary research》2010,41(2)
Knowledge of the efficacy of an intervention for disease control on an individual farm is essential to make good decisions on preventive healthcare, but the uncertainty in outcome associated with undertaking a specific control strategy has rarely been considered in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this research was to explore the uncertainty in change in disease incidence and financial benefit that could occur on different farms, when two effective farm management interventions are undertaken. Bovine mastitis was used as an example disease and the research was conducted using data from an intervention study as prior information within an integrated Bayesian simulation model. Predictions were made of the reduction in clinical mastitis within 30 days of calving on 52 farms, attributable to the application of two herd interventions previously reported as effective; rotation of dry cow pasture and differential dry cow therapy. Results indicated that there were important degrees of uncertainty in the predicted reduction in clinical mastitis for individual farms when either intervention was undertaken; the magnitude of the 95% credible intervals for reduced clinical mastitis incidence were substantial and of clinical relevance. The large uncertainty associated with the predicted reduction in clinical mastitis attributable to the interventions resulted in important variability in possible financial outcomes for each farm. The uncertainty in outcome associated with farm control measures illustrates the difficulty facing a veterinary clinician when making an on-farm decision and highlights the importance of iterative herd health procedures (continual evaluation, reassessment and adjusted interventions) to optimise health in an individual herd. 相似文献
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The acute stages of infection with swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and porcine reproductive-respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were shown to differ in terms of clinical and lung inflammatory effects and proinflammatory cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. Caesarian-derived colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intratracheally with one of the three viruses. SIV infection was followed within 1 day post inoculation (d PI) by characteristic respiratory and general signs, and excessive lung epithelial desquamation and neutrophil infiltration (38 to 56 per cent of BAL cells at 1 d PI vs 0 to 1 per cent in controls). High concentrations of bioactive interferon-alpha (IFN -alpha), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF -alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL -1) coincided with peak symptoms and neutrophil infiltration. PRCV infection was asymptomatic and produced a mild bronchointerstitial pneumonitis and neutrophil infiltration (13 to 22 per cent of BAL cells at 4 d PI). IFN -alpha titres parallelled those found during SIV infection, TNF -alpha was negligible and IL -1 undetectable. PRRSV infection induced anorexia and lethargy between 3 and 5 d PI. There was marked infiltration with mononuclear cells in alveolar septa and BAL fluids between 7 and 10 d PI, while neutrophils remained at less than 11 per cent of BAL cells at any time. IL -1 was produced from three throughout 10 d PI, while IFN -alpha production was minimal and TNF -alpha undetectable. These data strongly suggest that proinflammatory cytokines can be important mediators of viral respiratory disease. 相似文献
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Plasma lipids in normal cows around partus and in cows with metabolic disorders with and without fatty liver 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
P Holtenius 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1989,30(4):441-445
Free fatty acids, cholesterol and phospholipids in plasma were studied from 6 weeks before to 6 weeks after calving in 16 normal multiparous cows. The same plasma lipids were studied the day after calving in 20 normal primiparous cows. Ten of these were fed according to standards and the other 10 were overfed the last 3 weeks prepartum. The plasma lipids were also analysed in 16 cows with left displacement of the abomasum and fatty liver, and in 16 cows with ketosis with no or only slight fat infiltration of the liver. In the normal cows there was a rise in FFA-level and a reduction in cholesterol and phospholipids from 6 weeks before to the day after calving. Thereafter there was a reduction of FFA-level and rise in cholesterol and phospholipids. Increased feed intensity had no effect on plasma lipids at calving. The level of the plasma lipids in cows with fatty liver differed very much from the amounts in normal cows at corresponding time from calving. Cows with ketosis had high FFA-level but the amount of cholesterol and phospholipids differed very little from normal cows. 相似文献