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竹叶提取物富含黄酮类、多糖类、氨基酸和多酚等多种天然活性物质，在抗菌消炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、调节血脂及增强免疫等方面发挥重要作用。目前竹叶提取物作为饲料添加剂，在动物生产中应用广泛，能够提升动物生产性能、增强免疫力以及防治动物疾病等。文章论述竹叶提取物的生物学功能，总结竹叶提取物在动物生产中的应用，为加强竹叶提取物在动物生产中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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植物提取物调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
植物提取物中的挥发油、皂苷、生物碱、萜类等化学物质具有抗菌、促生长、提高免疫力和抗氧化等功能。近年来研究发现,植物提取物还可以调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵模式,提高氮存留,减少甲烷排放的功能,因此,植物提取物作为调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵的一种重要添加剂得到了广泛的研究与应用。目前国内外的学者已经在有效植物品种的筛选和植物提取物作用机理、剂量效应等方面的研究取得了较大进展。文中就目前植物提取物对反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控的最新研究进展作一综述,为我国开展植物提取物作为反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控添加剂的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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对夏枯草（Prunella vulgaris）不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性进行评价,为进一步开发利用夏枯草提供参考。采用70%乙醇超声波提取,然后用等体积的乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取,得到乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水提取物,并以BHT为对照,研究不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,夏枯草提取物具有良好的抗氧化性。不同溶剂提取物及BHT清除DPPH·的能力高低次序为乙酸乙酯提取物＞正丁醇提取物＞BHT＞水提物,清除·OH的能力高低次序为BHT＞乙酸乙酯提取物＞正丁醇提取物＞水提物,清除O-2·的能力高低次序为乙酸乙酯提取物＞水提物＞BHT＞正丁醇提取物,还原力高低次序为BHT＞乙酸乙酯提取物＞正丁醇提取物＞水提物。夏枯草乙酸乙酯提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性。 相似文献
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松针提取物药理作用研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
松针提取物富含维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、松针类黄酮、酚类化合物等生物活性物质,许多研究表明,松针提取物具有降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎、护肝、抗癌等作用。论文综述了近年来松针提取物的主要活性物质,以及主要药理作用研究进展,为进一步开发利用松针资源提供参考。 相似文献
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植物提取物是一种新型绿色饲料添加剂,它具有绿色、环保、安全、无残留等特点。众多研究表明,植物提取物可以提高猪只生产性能、增强机体免疫力、保持肠道健康、改善肥育猪肉品质等作用。本文主要阐述植物提取物的特点及其在生猪生产中的应用,以供畜牧养殖者参考。 相似文献
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周洪锐 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2012,(5):6-8
我国是自然资源十分丰富的国家之一,拥有悠久的中药使用历史和全球最大的天然药材生产基地。目前国内外对天然提取物研究的热点集中在抑菌活性、抗病毒活性、抗氧化性、抗肿瘤和癌细胞等;天然提取物的主要应用体现在香料香精、中草药、食品保鲜、保健食品、化妆品、植物农药、饲料添加剂等诸多方面。目前市场上使用的化学药物具有毒副作用大,易产生抗药性等诸多不利因素,而中药天然药物在这方面具有无可比拟的优势;纯化合物新药开发难度大、周期长、费用高,使植物提取物和复方药物的开发成为新的选择。本文对目前主要研究的天然提取物及病毒进行综合性阐述,并分析天然提取物中的有效成分及天然提取物对病毒的作用机制。 相似文献
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Yokoo Y Miyata H Udayanga KG Qi WM Takahara E Mantani Y Yokoyama T Kawano J Hoshi N Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(8):1043-1050
To clarify the regulatory mechanism by bactericidal peptides secretion, the secretion of bactericidal peptides was immunohistochemically and histoplanimetrically compared with the degree of Gram-positive/negative bacterial colonization throughout the rat alimentary tract. In the associated exocrine glands from the oral cavity to the stomach, no comparable differences were observed under the changes of development of indigenous bacterial colonies. In the small intestine, immunopositive granules for lysozyme and secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) were markedly decreased, whereas immunopositive vacuoles in the Paneth cells were more increased at sites with hyper-development of indigenous bacterial colonies in the intervillous spaces than at sites with no or less development. No changes in exocrine glands were observed in the large intestine because of the constant existence of large quantities of bacteria. Gram-positive bacterial colonies on the mucosal surfaces were dominant from the oral cavity to the stomach. Gram-negative bacteria were dominant in the large intestine, and the distributions of both Gram-positive and negative bacteria were intermediate in the small intestine. These findings suggest that lysozyme and sPLA2 secreted from the Paneth cells contribute to the regulation of the proliferation of indigenous bacteria in the intervillous spaces of the small intestine, and that the inversion of distributions of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria in the alimentary tract might be caused by the secretion of lysozyme and sPLA2 in the small intestine. 相似文献
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Effect of K-diformate in starter diets on acidity, microbiota, and the amount of organic acids in the digestive tract of piglets, and on gastric alterations 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of K-diformate on the intraluminal pH, microbial composition in digesta and feces, organic acids along the digestive tract, and alterations of the gastric epithelium of pigs. Pigs (n = 36) weaned at 28 d of age were allotted to two groups and fed without (control diet) or with 1.8% supplemental K-diformate. Fecal samples were taken from the rectum on d 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 postweaning. Half of the animals from each group were killed on d 7 and the other half on d 29 postweaning. Growth performance was not different for both groups (P > or = 0.73). The gastric epithelium was not negatively affected by K-diformate (P = 0.25). Potassium-diformate decreased (P < or = 0.04) or tended to decrease (P < or = 0.10) the counts of total anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts in feces and digesta samples from the stomach, distal small intestine, cecum, and middle segment of the colon. The pH along the gastrointestinal tract of piglets was not affected by K-diformate (P > or = 0.30). On d 7, the concentration of lactic acid along the gastrointestinal tract was similar with both diets (P = 0.15). On d 29, the concentrations of lactic acid tended to be lower along the small intestine (P < or = 0.08) and the stomach (P = 0.11) of the pigs fed K-diformate. Formic acid in digesta was detected at significant levels only in the distal segment of the small intestine of the control pigs (from 4 to 11 mmol/kg of wet digesta), whereas considerable amounts were measured in the stomach (from 23 to 40 mmol/kg of wet digesta) and all segments of the small intestine (from 7 to 25 mmol/kg of wet digesta) in the K-diformate-fed pigs on both days. On d 7, pigs fed the K-diformate diet had a tendency (P < or = 0.08) to have higher concentrations of organic acids (acetic + propionic + butyric) in the digesta of the distal small intestine, cecum, and proximal colon. On d 29, both groups had similar concentrations of these acids, irrespective of the segment of the gastrointestinal tract (P = 0.95). Our study showed that the addition of K-diformate to a starter diet for piglets decreased total anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, coliforms, and yeasts in feces and in digesta from various segments of the gastrointestinal tract, without affecting the gastric or intestinal pH. 相似文献
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【目的】研究中药联合益生菌对大肠杆菌性小鼠腹泻的保护作用。【方法】通过正交试验筛选中药联合益生菌最佳因素配比。取60只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、中药组、益生菌组和中药联合益生菌组,每组12只。空白组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水(0.2 mL/只),模型组、中药组、益生菌组和中药联合益生菌组均先腹腔注射分离菌悬液1×107 CFU/kg,然后中药组按10 mL/kg灌胃中药液(其中蒲公英提取物浓度为0.25 g/mL,黄芪总黄酮和黄芪多糖浓度均为0.05 g/mL),益生菌组按4 mL/kg灌胃枯草杆菌悬液(菌含量5×107 CFU/mL),中药联合益生菌组按上述量灌胃中药液和枯草杆菌混合液,每天定时灌胃给药1次,连续3 d。每日记录小鼠腹泻、体重、采食量等情况。末次给药12 h后分离心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肺脏,称重并计算脏器系数;血液分析法检测血液学指标;取粪便及小肠内容物检测粪便隐血情况并进行细菌计数;ELISA法检测小鼠血清和小肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性。【结果】中药联合益生菌最佳因素配比为A1B2C2D2。与空白组相比,模型组小鼠腹泻率100%且无自愈现象,症状和剖检病变明显,腹泻指数极显著上升(P＜0.01),体重、采食量均极显著下降(P＜0.01),肝脏、脾脏器官指数均显著升高(P＜0.05),淋巴细胞比率(LYM)、中间细胞比率(MID)均显著下降(P＜0.05),粒细胞比率(GRAN)极显著上升(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,中药组和中药联合益生菌组腹泻指数极显著下降(P＜0.01),体重、采食量显著上升(P＜0.05),中药组肝脏、脾脏器官指数显著下降(P＜0.05),中药联合益生菌组脏器系数极显著下降(P＜0.01),中药组、益生菌组及中药联合益生菌组LYM显著上升(P＜0.05)、GRAN显著下降(P＜0.05)。粪便隐血检测结果显示,模型组检测呈强阳性;中药组、益生菌组呈弱阳性,中药联合益生菌组呈阴性。与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肠内大肠杆菌数、血清及小肠组织中MPO活性均极显著上升(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,中药组和中药联合益生菌组小鼠肠内大肠杆菌数、血清及小肠组织中MPO活性均显著下降(P＜0.05)。【结论】中药联合益生菌可降低腹泻指数、肝脏和脾脏器官指数,增加体重、饮食量,使粪便隐血转阴并降低肠内大肠杆菌数、血清及小肠组织中MPO活性,从而对大肠杆菌性小鼠腹泻产生协同保护作用。 相似文献
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不同粗精比日粮对绵羊小肠中瘤胃微生物蛋白质利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用4只装有瘤胃瘘管、十二肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的去势(公母各半)萨福克羊体重平均为(45.5±5.2)kg,在不同粗精比日粮条件下 ,研究瘤胃细菌、纤毛虫体蛋白质在小肠内的利用率。结果表明 :到达十二指肠的瘤胃细菌和纤毛虫的量 ,随日粮中精饲料水平的提高而显著减少(P<0.05)。与此相反 ,过瘤胃饲料蛋白质的量则显著增加(P<0.05)。小肠内的细菌利用率显著受日粮变化的影响 ,而纤毛虫利用率则不易受日粮影响且显著地高于细菌的利用率(P<0.05)。小肠内被吸收的细菌和纤毛虫对微生物氮的贡献率在全试验组中平均为50 %。 相似文献
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板栗花作为民间用药在临床上有一定的治疗效果,但是缺乏相关理论研究。为了解其抑菌效果,本研究将板栗花的水煮提取物制备成浓度分别为0.001g/mL、0.01g/mL、0.1g/mL和1g/mL的药平板和药敏片,分别对供试菌株大肠杆菌O4、大肠杆菌O8、大肠杆菌O101、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌进行药敏试验。结果表明,当板栗花提取物浓度为0.01g/mL时,所有供试菌株均高度敏感,这一结果为板栗花的开发利用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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苦豆子植株不同部位醇提液对大鼠离体小肠运动的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为比较秋季苦豆子植株不同部位提取物对消化道运动的干预作用,本研究利用生物信号处理系统测定了浓度递增(0.5%~8.0%)的苦豆子植株不同部位(豆子、豆荚、叶和顶须)醇提液对大鼠离体小肠平滑肌运动的影响,并初步探究其机理。结果显示,与用药前相比,苦豆子植株各部位均在浓度递增到2.0%~4.0%时使离体小肠收缩频率和幅度减小(P<0.05),并呈剂量依赖关系,而对收缩张力影响不显著(P>0.05),其中豆子抑制作用最强。同时,胆碱能M-受体激动剂氯贝胆碱引起的小肠平滑肌兴奋作用可被2.0%豆子完全抑制,且2.0%豆子的抑制作用不能被氯贝胆碱扭转。结果表明,苦豆子植株各部位对离体小肠运动均有抑制作用,且可能与阻断M-受体作用有关。提示苦豆子植株各部位有望用于缓解由于某些原因引起的胃肠活动过度症状。 相似文献
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ZHANG Dan SHI Gang ZHOU Yu-dong YAN Jing WANG Li-fang MENG Kun-jie GUO Jing ZHAO Hong-qiong 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(1):164-170
To explore the effect of extract from different parts of Sophora alopecuroides picked in autumn on gastrointestinal motility, alcohol extract of bean, pod, leaf and shoot apex of Sophora alopecuroides at increasing dose(0.5% to 8.0%) were added to Tyrode's solution where rat isolated small intestine were bathed.The motility of small intestine was recorded by biological signal processing system.The results showed that the contract frequency and amplitude were significantly decreased when the concentration of each parts of Sophora alopecuroides reached 2.0% to 4.0% compared with that before treatment(P<0.05) and it was the dose dependent relation ship, but had no significant effect on the contract tension(P>0.05).Moreover, the inhibition effect of bean was the strongest among the four parts.Alcohol extract of bean at a dose of 2.0% inhibited the excitatory effect caused by cholinergic M-agonists, bethanechol, and the inhibition couldn't be reversed.The results concluded that different parts of Sophora alopecuroides could inhibit the contraction of rat small intestine, and the inhibition might happen partly by blocked M-receptor, indicating that Sophora alopecuroides are expected to be used to relieve gastrointestinal over contraction due to some reasons. 相似文献