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1.
Faham S Watanabe A Besserer GM Cascio D Specht A Hirayama BA Wright EM Abramson J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5890):810-814
Membrane transporters that use energy stored in sodium gradients to drive nutrients into cells constitute a major class of proteins. We report the crystal structure of a member of the solute sodium symporters (SSS), the Vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose symporter (vSGLT). The approximately 3.0 angstrom structure contains 14 transmembrane (TM) helices in an inward-facing conformation with a core structure of inverted repeats of 5 TM helices (TM2 to TM6 and TM7 to TM11). Galactose is bound in the center of the core, occluded from the outside solutions by hydrophobic residues. Surprisingly, the architecture of the core is similar to that of the leucine transporter (LeuT) from a different gene family. Modeling the outward-facing conformation based on the LeuT structure, in conjunction with biophysical data, provides insight into structural rearrangements for active transport. 相似文献
2.
The crystal structure of a putative metal-chelate-type adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter encoded by genes HI1470 and HI1471 of Haemophilus influenzae has been solved at 2.4 angstrom resolution. The permeation pathway exhibits an inward-facing conformation, in contrast to the outward-facing state previously observed for the homologous vitamin B12 importer BtuCD. Although the structures of both HI1470/1 and BtuCD have been solved in nucleotide-free states, the pairs of ABC subunits in these two structures differ by a translational shift in the plane of the membrane that coincides with a repositioning of the membrane-spanning subunits. The differences observed between these ABC transporters involve relatively modest rearrangements and may serve as structural models for inward- and outward-facing conformations relevant to the alternating access mechanism of substrate translocation. 相似文献
3.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters convert chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis to mechanical work for substrate translocation. They function by alternating between two states, exposing the substrate-binding site to either side of the membrane. A key question that remains to be addressed is how substrates initiate the transport cycle. Using x-ray crystallography, we have captured the maltose transporter in an intermediate step between the inward- and outward-facing states. We show that interactions with substrate-loaded maltose-binding protein in the periplasm induce a partial closure of the MalK dimer in the cytoplasm. ATP binding to this conformation then promotes progression to the outward-facing state. These results, interpreted in light of biochemical and functional studies, provide a structural basis to understand allosteric communication in ABC transporters. 相似文献
4.
通过分析猪肺炎支原体（Mhp）、鸡毒支原体（MG）膜蛋白的免疫原性及化学成分,为其致病机理的研究提供基础。分别采用SDS-PAGE、免疫印迹、高碘酸雪夫染色（PAS法）和高碘酸一硝酸银法对Mhp232株和MGFMF4株膜蛋白的分子量范围、种类和免疫原性进行分析,鉴定膜糖蛋白的数量与种类。Mhp膜蛋白分子量在30～250ku之间,有12条带;MG膜蛋白分子量在25～200ku之间,有29条带。免疫印迹表明,Mhp中46ku膜蛋白具有免疫原性;MG中56ku膜蛋白具有免疫原性。PAGE电泳表明,Mhp有5条带,MG有12条带。PAS法鉴定膜糖蛋白,Mhp有1条带,MG有2条带;高碘酸一硝酸银法鉴定膜糖蛋白,Mhp约在相同位置出现1条带,而MG显示7条带,表明此法的灵敏度高于PAS法。 相似文献
5.
Transport across cellular membranes is an essential process that is catalyzed by diverse membrane transport proteins. The turnover rates of certain transporters are inhibited by their substrates in a process termed trans-inhibition, whose structural basis is poorly understood. We present the crystal structure of a molybdate/tungstate ABC transporter (ModBC) from Methanosarcina acetivorans in a trans-inhibited state. The regulatory domains of the nucleotide-binding subunits are in close contact and provide two oxyanion binding pockets at the shared interface. By specifically binding to these pockets, molybdate or tungstate prevent adenosine triphosphatase activity and lock the transporter in an inward-facing conformation, with the catalytic motifs of the nucleotide-binding domains separated. This allosteric effect prevents the transporter from switching between the inward-facing and the outward-facing states, thus interfering with the alternating access and release mechanism. 相似文献
6.
猪肺炎支原体斑点杂交检测方法的建立及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立猪肺炎支原体斑点杂交检测方法,并用于猪肺样品的检测,根据GenBank中登录的猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)P36基因序列,设计并合成一条地高辛标记的DNA寡核苷酸探针。进行Mhp斑点杂交反应,建立最佳反应体系和反应条件,对该方法进行特异性和敏感性试验,并采用最佳反应体系和反应条件在尼龙膜上对猪肺组织样品进行检测。结果表明,该检测方法可有效从可疑病料的猪肺组织中检出Mhp感染,检出率为39.5%。本研究建立的Mhp斑点杂交检测方法快速、敏感、特异,对Mhp的临床检测具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
7.
Sodium/calcium (Na(+)/Ca(2+)) exchangers (NCX) are membrane transporters that play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of cytosolic Ca(2+) for cell signaling. We demonstrated the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange function of an NCX from Methanococcus jannaschii (NCX_Mj) and report its 1.9 angstrom crystal structure in an outward-facing conformation. Containing 10 transmembrane helices, the two halves of NCX_Mj share a similar structure with opposite orientation. Four ion-binding sites cluster at the center of the protein: one specific for Ca(2+) and three that likely bind Na(+). Two passageways allow for Na(+) and Ca(2+) access to the central ion-binding sites from the extracellular side. Based on the symmetry of NCX_Mj and its ability to catalyze bidirectional ion-exchange reactions, we propose a structure model for the inward-facing NCX_Mj. 相似文献
8.
对已成功制备的猪肺炎支原体P97原核表达产物单抗进行生物学特性鉴定。鉴定结果为:两株单抗的免疫球蛋白亚类均为IgG1,亲和常数分别为52 mg/L,46 mg/L。单抗腹水中的间接ELISA效价分别为1×106和1×105。两株单抗特异性的识别猪肺炎支原体168株97kD左右的抗原成分。在Dot-ELISA试验中,两株单抗均与猪肺炎支原体反应,而与猪鼻支原体(Mh)、猪絮状支原体(Mf)和鸡毒支原体(Mg)无交叉反应。进一步将该单抗用于单抗阻断ELISA中,检测了36份血清样,其中9份呈阳性,检测结果与IDEXX公司猪肺炎支原体抗体检测试剂盒的结果基本吻合,从而为猪肺炎支原体诊断试剂盒的研制及猪气喘病早期诊断方法的建立奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
Partial symmetrization of the photosynthetic reaction center 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is a pigmented intrinsic membrane protein that performs the primary charge separation event of photosynthesis, thereby converting light to chemical energy. The RC pigments are bound primarily by two homologous peptides, the L and M subunits, each containing five transmembrane helices. These alpha helices and pigments are arranged in an approximate C2 symmetry and form two possible electron transfer pathways. Only one of these pathways is actually used. In an attempt to identify nonhomologous residues that are responsible for functional differences between the two branches, homologous helical regions that interact extensively with the pigments were genetically symmetrized (that is, exchanged). For example, replacement of the fourth transmembrane helix (D helix) in the M subunit with the homologous helix from the L subunit yields photosynthetically inactive RCs lacking a critical photoactive pigment. Photosynthetic revertants have been isolated in which single amino acid substitutions (intragenic suppressors) compensate for this partial symmetrization. 相似文献
10.
猪肺炎支原体PCR鉴定方法的建立 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据猪肺炎支原体的P36基因序列设计一对引物,建立猪肺炎支原体PCR检测方法,并对该方法进行了特异性和敏感性试验。成功建立了猪肺炎支原体特异且敏感的PCR检测方法,可区别猪鼻支原体、絮状支原体和鸡毒支原体,最低检出量为4.26 ng。 相似文献
11.
P65蛋白是猪肺炎支原体的主要免疫优势蛋白,与其他支原体无交叉反应,常作为猪肺炎支原体检测的靶蛋白。本实验应用原核表达的重组 P65蛋白免疫小鼠,用 Mhp全菌蛋白和P65蛋白筛选,制备了1株特异性单克隆抗体3G12。鉴定结果表明,该株单克隆抗体可与 P65蛋白和 Mhp全菌蛋白反应,采用间接 ELISA法测得3G12细胞培养上清与P65蛋白反应抗体的效价为1∶12800,与全菌蛋白反应抗体的效价为1∶3200;3G12腹水与P65蛋白反应的抗体效价为1∶4000000以上,与168全菌蛋白反应的抗体效价为1∶20000以上,细胞经长期体外培养和冻存后复苏能稳定分泌抗体。本研究成功获得到1株针对 P65和Mhp全菌的单克隆抗体,为猪肺炎支原体致病机制和检测方法的进一步研究提供了基础。 相似文献
12.
13.
将猪肺炎支原体168株全菌蛋白免疫小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,3次亚克隆后,获得了4株针对168株全菌蛋白的单抗,分别将其命名为2F5、2G7、4F5、5E9。Western-blot检测结果表明,2G7、4F5与猪肺炎支原体具有特异性反应条带,不与猪鼻支原体、大肠杆菌反应。亚型鉴定结果表明,两株特异性单抗(2G7、4F5)的亚型属IgG1,轻链为κ型,2F5、5E9亚型属IgG2a,轻链为κ型。间接免疫荧光结果表明,4株单抗均与猪肺炎支原体168株有特异性荧光反应,特异性单抗的获得为猪肺炎支原体的检测及机理研究奠定基础。 相似文献
14.
根据GenBank中猪肺炎支原体（Mhp）J株P36蛋白基因（登录号X67286）的核苷酸序列设计1对引物,建立了快速检测Mhp的PCR方法。该方法能扩增出948bp的Mhp特异性条带,其敏感性达到可检测出0．735ng的MhpDNA,但对鸡毒支原体、猪伪狂犬病毒、猪圆环病毒、猪流感病毒、猪呼吸与繁殖综合征病毒均未检测出相应目的条带;将克隆获得的目的片段与GenBank已发表的MhpJ株的P36基因进行比较,同源性达到99．9％。采用所建立的PCR方法对42份疑似猪支原体肺炎（MPS）病料进行临床诊断,发现有13份呈阳性（31．0％）。可见,该PCR方法适合于MPS的临床诊断,可为其防控提供可靠依据。 相似文献
15.
Abramson J Smirnova I Kasho V Verner G Kaback HR Iwata S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):610-615
Membrane transport proteins that transduce free energy stored in electrochemical ion gradients into a concentration gradient are a major class of membrane proteins. We report the crystal structure at 3.5 angstroms of the Escherichia coli lactose permease, an intensively studied member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. The molecule is composed of N- and C-terminal domains, each with six transmembrane helices, symmetrically positioned within the permease. A large internal hydrophilic cavity open to the cytoplasmic side represents the inward-facing conformation of the transporter. The structure with a bound lactose homolog, beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside, reveals the sugar-binding site in the cavity, and residues that play major roles in substrate recognition and proton translocation are identified. We propose a possible mechanism for lactose/proton symport (co-transport) consistent with both the structure and a large body of experimental data. 相似文献
16.
猪肺炎支原体P46蛋白单克隆抗体制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
P46蛋白是猪肺炎支原体的主要免疫优势蛋白,且与其他支原体无交叉反应,常作为猪肺炎支原体检测的靶蛋白。制备针对该蛋白的特异性单抗能为猪肺炎支原体的检测及机理研究提供有效的资源。本研究取猪肺炎支原体全菌抗原免疫小鼠,用大肠杆菌表达的P46蛋白作为筛选抗原制备了2株特异性单克隆抗体1A4和3C11。结果显示,2株单抗ELISA效价最高可达1∶64 000。Western-blot结果表明,2株单抗均能与原核表达的P46蛋白及猪肺炎支原体全菌蛋白中46 000大小的蛋白发生特异性反应;2株杂交瘤细胞株经3个月冻存或连续传代3个月均能保持较高的滴度。本研究成功制备了2株针对猪肺炎支原体P46蛋白的特异、稳定且高滴度的单克隆抗体。 相似文献
17.
Soghomonian V Chen Q Haushalter RC Zubieta J O'connor CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,259(5101):1596-1599
Very complicated inorganic solids can be self-assembled from structurally simple precursors as illustrated by the hydrothermal synthesis of the vanadium phosphate, [(CH(3))(2)NH(2)]K(4)[V(10)O(10)(H(2)O)(2)(OH)(4)(PO(4))(7)].4H(2)O, 1, which contains chiral double helices formed from interpenetrating spirals of vanadium oxo pentamers bonded together by P(5+). These double helices are in turn intertwined with each other in a manner that generates unusual tunnels and cavities that are filled with (CH(3))(2)NH(2)(+) and K(+) cations, respectively. The unit cell contents of dark blue phosphate 1, which crystallizes in the enantiomorphic space group P4(3) with lattice constants a = 12.130 and c = 30.555 angstroms, are chiral; only one enantiomorph is present in a given crystal. Magnetization measurements show that 1 is paramagnetic with ten unpaired electrons per formula unit at higher temperatures and that antiferromagnetic interactions develop at lower temperatures. 相似文献
18.
刘朋军 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,31(4):366-368
为探讨猪肺炎支原体对免疫细胞因子IL-1β的影响,将8头60日龄的猪随机分为2组,每组4头,分别是空白对照组、攻毒组。攻毒前先进行血清抗原抗体凝集试验。攻毒组当天进行Mhp人工攻毒,剂量为5头份.头-1。分别于攻毒7d、14d、21d后采样处理,用ELISA检测白细胞介素(IL-1β)的含量。结果表明:攻毒组在三个时间点血清IL-1β含量都高于空白对照组。攻毒组在攻毒后14d血清IL-1β含量高于攻毒后7d血清IL-1β含量。攻毒组在攻毒14d后血清IL-1β含量高于攻毒后21d血清IL-1β含量。猪肺炎支原体使白细胞介素(IL-1β)的含量显著增强,可以通过检测IL-1β来判断是否患有猪肺炎支原体。 相似文献
19.
The membrane rotor ring from the vacuolar-type (V-type) sodium ion-pumping adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-ATPase) from Enterococcus hirae consists of 10 NtpK subunits, which are homologs of the 16-kilodalton and 8-kilodalton proteolipids found in other V-ATPases and in F1Fo- or F-ATPases, respectively. Each NtpK subunit has four transmembrane alpha helices, with a sodium ion bound between helices 2 and 4 at a site buried deeply in the membrane that includes the essential residue glutamate-139. This site is probably connected to the membrane surface by two half-channels in subunit NtpI, against which the ring rotates. Symmetry mismatch between the rotor and catalytic domains appears to be an intrinsic feature of both V- and F-ATPases. 相似文献
20.
The ABC transporters are ubiquitous membrane proteins that couple adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to the translocation of diverse substrates across cell membranes. Clinically relevant examples are associated with cystic fibrosis and with multidrug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells. Here, we report the crystal structure at 3.2 angstrom resolution of the Escherichia coli BtuCD protein, an ABC transporter mediating vitamin B12 uptake. The two ATP-binding cassettes (BtuD) are in close contact with each other, as are the two membrane-spanning subunits (BtuC); this arrangement is distinct from that observed for the E. coli lipid flippase MsbA. The BtuC subunits provide 20 transmembrane helices grouped around a translocation pathway that is closed to the cytoplasm by a gate region whereas the dimer arrangement of the BtuD subunits resembles the ATP-bound form of the Rad50 DNA repair enzyme. A prominent cytoplasmic loop of BtuC forms the contact region with the ATP-binding cassette and appears to represent a conserved motif among the ABC transporters. 相似文献