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1.
根据S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的保守性，利用苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）基因组中S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶序列信息设计引物。以球形芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sphaericus, B.sph）基因组DNA为模版，扩增获得S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因，酶解后插入大肠杆菌表达载体pGEX-6P-1，获得重组质粒pGEX-SAM。序列分析表明，来自球形芽孢杆菌的SAM合成酶在基因水平上与大肠杆菌（K02129），枯草芽孢杆菌（Z99129），酿酒酵母（U17246），小鼠（J05571），人（BC018359）的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因，分别有63.9%，75.4%，58.8%，59.1%，55.7%的同源性。由于一级结构存在明显的差异，我们将该重组的质粒转入大肠杆菌DH5α。通过亲和层析纯化出球形芽孢杆菌S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶。用HPLC对S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的活性进行了分析。 相似文献
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以木聚糖酶基因为研究对象,构建了枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)稳定的高效表达系统。采用PCR方法从芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp.)基因组DNA中分别扩增出完整和不带启动子的木聚糖酶(xynA)基因;利用芽胞杆菌的强启动子,即S-层蛋白的启动子,通过SOE(splicing by overlapping extension)法连接到xynA基因上得到重组基因S-xynA,将xynA和S-xynA分别装载到整合载体pDG1730上,转化α-淀粉酶高产菌株枯草芽胞杆菌B47,将重组基因整合到α-淀粉酶基因上,以期目标基因像淀粉酶基因一样高效表达。结果表明,2个重组菌的产酶活性均得到提高,其中S-层蛋白启动子表达的木聚糖酶活是自身启动子表达的酶活的1.69倍。重组表达的木聚糖酶在pH5~8和40~60℃范围内均具有较高活性。 相似文献
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双效菌素(zwittermicin A,ZwA)是一种氨基多元醇类新型广谱抗生素,zmaR为其抗性基因。在苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)YBT-1520菌株ZwA合成基因簇末端存在一个类似ABC transporter的序列(命名为zwa-FEG)。将zwa-FEG基因在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中表达,大肠杆菌能获得ZwA的抗性;将zwa-FEG转移到产ZwA的蜡状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)菌株UW85中,能使其ZwA产量显著提高。推测zwa-FEG是一种ZwA专一性的ABC transporter,它能将ZwA分泌到胞外,从而增强ZwA的合成和ZwA的抗性。 相似文献
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鱼源嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白基因ompTS在枯草芽胞杆菌中的表达及检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用PCR方法从枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、鱼源嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的基因组DNA和质粒pGFP-2中,分别扩增P43启动子、不含信号肽的外膜蛋白基因ompTS和不含启动子的绿色荧光蛋白基因.各PCR产物经测序、酶切、连接到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)-枯草芽胞杆菌穿梭载体pNW33N相应位点分别构建了穿梭表达载体pNWP43gfp和pN-WP43omp.电转枯草芽胞杆菌构建菌株BS01(pNWP43gfp),在荧光显微镜下发出明亮的绿色荧光;电转枯草芽胞杆菌构建菌株BS01(pNWP43omp),表达的外膜蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,结果表明,穿梭表达载体pNWP43gfp和pNWP43omp构建成功.构建的枯草芽胞杆菌在P43启动子的调控下,分别实现了绿色荧光蛋白基因和外膜蛋白基因ompTS的表达. 相似文献
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白蚁(Isoptera)常以富含纤维素的木材为食,体内存在纤维素酶产生菌。从源于陕西佛坪的白蚁(经鉴定为黑胸散白蚁(Reticulitermes chinensis))体内筛选出了4株产纤维素酶菌株,采用单因素实验设计对酶活最高的菌株进行了产酶条件优化,并对其所产纤维素酶进行了酶学性质研究;同时,依据NCBI数据库设计的引物扩增出了该菌株的内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因Cbs和β-葡萄糖苷酶基因Ba G,之后在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中进行了表达实验。结果表明:从黑胸散白蚁体内筛选出4株菌分别是阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae)、炭疽芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),其中枯草芽胞杆菌所产纤维素酶的活力最高,该菌发酵产酶的最适温度和pH分别是42℃、6.5,酶促反应的最适温度和pH分别是70℃、4.5,在此条件下该菌株酶活力为2.36 U/mL。该菌株所产的纤维素酶在50℃、pH 6.5的条件下热稳定性和pH稳定性最佳,使用该菌株所产的粗酶液发酵粗饲料,结果发现其对玉米(Zea mays)秸秆、小麦(Triticum aestivum)秸秆、苜蓿(Medicago polymorpha)干草和青贮饲料的粗纤维降解率分别为12.21%、1.3%、3.24%和17.42%。基因克隆结果表明该菌株具有Ba G、Cbs 2个纤维素酶基因,且大肠杆菌表达结果显示Ba G基因的粗酶液pro Ba G无纤维素酶活性,而Cbs基因的粗酶液pro Cbs在60℃、pH 5.0时酶活可达4.14 U/mL,将Ba G和Cbs基因进行原核融合表达,产生的蛋白约35 k D,其在最适条件70℃、pH 4.5时的酶活为4.57 U/mL,说明无纤维素酶活性的Ba G基因与Cbs基因融合后可能表达出了一个活性更高的纤维素酶蛋白。本研究对后期构建可降解木质纤维素的人工重组菌具有重要的理论价值。 相似文献
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根据毕赤酵母(Pichia pastons)密码子的偏好性,以氨基酸序列不变为原则,对源于蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cernes)M22的Mn-SOD基因进行分子改造,设计、合成了新的基因序列Mn-SOD-2.构建酵母表达载体pPICZαA/Mn-SOD-2,并整合至毕赤酵母GS115染色体.结果表明,所构建的重组体经0.5%甲醇诱导表达后,Native-PAGE检测证实有清晰单一活性条带;SDS-PAGE检测证实重组蛋白的分子量24 kD.酶活分析表明,外源蛋白的活性较改造前增加了2.2倍,且表达稳定性良好. 相似文献
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β-1,3-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶普遍存在于植物内生芽胞杆菌中,为了探讨其功能,以内生解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)TB2菌株基因组为模板,克隆了β-1,3-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶基因(bglS).测序结果表明,该基因的ORF全长732 bp,编码一条243个氨基酸的蛋白,理论分子量约为27.33 kD,等电点约为6.89,其ORF序列已登录GenBank(Accession No.EU368224).Blast同源性分析结果表明,该基因的ORF序列与植物互作生防解淀粉芽胞杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42,GenBank Accession No.CP000560)的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因核苷酸序列的一致性达97.3%,氨基酸序列的一致性达97.1%.将β-1,3-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶基因全长克隆至pUC18载体上,利用基因自身的启动子构建重组表达载体pUC-bglS,并导入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21菌株中表达.SDS-PAGE分析表明,BL21::pUC-bglS菌株表达了27 kD左右的蛋白;该酶的最适反应温度为55℃,在50℃以下保温60 min后残余80%以上酶活;最适反应pH为6.2,在pH4.4～6.8 4℃保温30 min残余85%以上的酶活;Ca2+和Fe肛可提高β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的活性,而Cu2+、Zn2+、Mg2+和Mn2+对其活性具有显著的抑制作用.实验结果为进一步研究植物内生解淀粉芽胞杆菌TB2 β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的功能和应用打下了基础. 相似文献
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利用苏云金芽胞杆菌S-层蛋白CTC表面展示系统研究在细胞表面展示H5N1型禽流感病毒HA1蛋白的可行性及其免疫原性，为研制既安全有效又能常温长期保藏和运输的禽流感口服基因工程疫苗奠定基础。用部分ha1基因（ha1p）代替S-层蛋白ctc基因中部且位于表面锚定序列slh下游的片段，构建了融合基因ctc-ha1p和 csa-ctc-ha1p；利用电脉冲转化法将含融合基因的重组质粒转入苏云金芽胞杆菌无质粒突变株BMB171中，获得了重组菌株BCCH（含ctc-ha1p，并导入一个载有协助细胞表面展示的csaAB操纵子的质粒）和CH（含csa-ctc-ha1p）。通过血凝和血凝抑制试验以及小鼠免疫学实验证实，2个重组菌株均成功地在细胞表面展示了重组HA1蛋白并具有一定的特异性和免疫原性，其中，CH的效果强于BCCH，说明csa-ctc-ha1p这种融合基因的构建方式更胜一筹。研究结果表明，苏云金芽胞杆菌S-层蛋白CTC表面展示系统可用来研制禽流感口服疫苗。 相似文献
10.
用PCR方法从枯草芽胞杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、鱼源嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）的基因组DNA和质粒pGFP-2中,分别扩增P43启动子、不含信号肽的外膜蛋白基因ompTS和不含启动子的绿色荧光蛋白基因。各PCR产物经测序、酶切、连接到大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）-枯草芽胞杆菌穿梭载体pNW33N相应位点分别构建了穿梭表达载体pNWP43gfp和pN-WP43omp。电转枯草芽胞杆菌构建菌株BS01（pNWP43gfp）,在荧光显微镜下发出明亮的绿色荧光;电转枯草芽胞杆菌构建菌株BS01（pNWP43omp）,表达的外膜蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,结果表明,穿梭表达载体pNWP43gfp和pNWP43omp构建成功。构建的枯草芽胞杆菌在P43启动子的调控下,分别实现了绿色荧光蛋白基因和外膜蛋白基因ompTS的表达。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献