共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Shigeru NINOMIYA Ryo KUSUNOSE Shusuke SATO Misao TERADA Kazuo SUGAWARA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):465-469
Five feeding methods were tested in stabled horses: (i) cutting hay (hay was cut into 5 cm lengths), (ii) delaying feeding time (feeding was delayed until 1 h after the usual time), (iii) increasing the feeding frequency (hay was divided into two portions; one half was given at the normal time and the other 1 h later), (iv) increasing the feeding locations (hay was available at three locations), and (v) increasing the hay varieties (three species of hay were used). The behavioral durations in the 2 h after the experimental feedings were compared with those after usual feeding. In the cutting hay treatment, hay‐eating time decreased (P < 0.05), whereas bedding‐eating time and resting time tended to increase. In the delaying feeding time treatment, bedding investigation time increased (P < 0.01) and hay‐eating time tended to increase. In the increasing the feeding frequency treatment, hay‐eating time tended to increase. In the increasing the feeding locations treatment, bedding investigation time tended to decrease. In the increasing the hay varieties treatment, resting time tended to decrease and hay‐eating time tended to increase. It was suggested that the former two feeding methods might stimulate and the latter three feeding methods might suppress eating frustration in terms of increasing consummatory behavior (eating) and decreasing appetitive (investigating) and displacement behavior (resting). 相似文献
2.
We investigated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin fertilizer on feeding in deer. We tested four captive adult female deer. In Experiment 1, in addition to the treatment (intact) containing only a solid feed (HC), we mixed the fertilizer not containing capsaicin (F) or the capsaicin fertilizer (CF) in the solid feed. In addition, the solid feed was put on a wire net that capsaicin fertilizer was placed 5 cm below (SCF). We investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 2, we changed the amount of substance (fertilizer and capsaicin fertilizer) mixed in the HC. We mixed different amounts (0, 50, 100, and 200 g) of the treatments other than the intact with HC and presented them to the deer, and investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 1, intake in the F and CF decreased (p < .05). In Experiment 2, HC intake was significantly lower in the 100 and 200 g CF (p < .05). However, HC intake relatively increased by the last day in the CF 200 g too. The capsaicin fertilizer decreased the feeding behavior of deer by directly touching the mucous membranes of the deer nose and lips. However, the effects were decreased over time. 相似文献
3.
不同饲养条件下梅花鹿母性行为的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006年5~8月,以圈养和半散放条件下分娩梅花鹿为研究对象,采用目标动物取样法和行为取样法对梅花鹿母性行为时间分配进行观察,分析仔鹿不同日龄及不同饲养条件下母鹿母性行为差异,探讨梅花鹿母性行为优劣,以指导梅花鹿饲养管理及遗传繁育。结果表明:在统计的5种母性行为中,随仔鹿日龄增加,母鹿母性行为时间分配逐渐降低,且1~7日龄和其它2个日龄段的母性行为都存在显著差异。至仔鹿35日龄时,母鹿母性行为表现很低或不表现。不同饲养条件下,母鹿授乳行为、寻找张望行为及中断哺乳行为差异不显著,而跟随行为、舔舐与修饰行为则存在显著差异。综合分析认为,仔鹿1~7日龄时段是母鹿母性行为时间分配的关键时期,母鹿在半散放条件下母性行为优于圈养条件。 相似文献
4.
In this study we used a single‐unit activity (SUA) recording electrode to investigate the existence of appetite‐regulating neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) in goats. Five male Japanese Saanen goats were used. The animals were fed at 10.00 hours with alfalfa hay cubes, and at 16.00 hours with concentrate feed and hay. The animals were allowed free access to drinking water. The present experiment consisted of two treatments, non‐infusion (NI) and an intra‐ruminal water infusion (RWI). The SUA recordings were carried out continuously over a 130 min period beginning 10 min prior to the commencement of morning feeding. In the RWI treatment, warm water was infused intra‐ruminally before the SUA recording. Eating rates in the NI treatment decreased sharply by the time 40 min had elapsed and then remained at low levels. In the RWI treatment, eating rates decreased by the time 50 min had elapsed and then remained at low levels. This study recorded 19 units, of which four units increased their firing rates when the animals became satiated (i.e. when eating rates declined to low levels) in both treatments. The four units were located in the VMH. The results suggest that cells located in the VMH of goats are active in the control of hay intake. 相似文献
5.
6.
Vegetation and plants eaten by the serow were investigated once a month from spring to autumn in two areas with different vegetative composition of deciduous broad‐leaved trees and forbs. Then we calculated Ivlev's electivity indices (EI) for some plant species and six plant groups: the deciduous broad‐leaved tree, the evergreen broad‐leaved tree, the conifer, the forb, the graminoid and the fern. In Area 1, the frequency of deciduous broad‐leaved trees and forbs was 78.2% and 1.1%, respectively. The proportion of deciduous broad‐leaved trees and forbs eaten was 65.9% and 33.1%, respectively. In Area 2, the frequency of deciduous broad‐leaved trees and forbs was 32.4% and 23.1%, respectively. The proportion of deciduous broad‐leaved trees and forbs eaten was 46.9% and 52.0%, respectively. In Area 1, the deciduous broad‐leaved tree was eaten in proportion to its frequency in the habitat (EI, 0.06–0.05) except in May (?0.32) and June (?0.11). The deciduous broad‐leaved tree was a little selected in Area 2 (0.02–0.46) except in June (?0.41) when serows selected some forb species. In Area 2, forbs were selected throughout the observational period (0.16–0.97), except during July (?0.05) when serows fed mainly on deciduous broad‐leaved trees (0.46). 相似文献
7.
Dayong LI Cyril C. GRUETER Baoping REN Ming LI Zhengsong PENG Fuwen WEI 《Integrative zoology》2013,8(4):327-334
Sleeping site locations are important to free‐ranging primate groups. Sites are strategically selected by primates so as to optimize security, comfort and foraging efficiency. Data were collected on the distribution of sleeping sites of the Yunnan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) between Sep 2005 and Sep 2006 at Gehuaqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, China. We identified 54 sleeping sites, which were used 137 times during the study period. These sleeping sites were distributed throughout the monkey group's total home range. R. bieti preferred certain sleeping sites over others: 63% of the sleeping sites were used 2 or more times in 13 months. Groups reused locations in an unpredictable long‐term pattern, but avoided using the same sleeping site on consecutive nights. To reduce the time and energetic costs of travel, monkeys preferred sleeping near commonly used feeding sites. We recorded 124 feeding sites in the home range, which were used 174 times. A total of 27 sleeping sites were also feeding sites, and all remaining sleeping sites were close to feeding sites. There was a positive correlation between the intensity of use of sleeping sites and feeding sites. The present study suggests that the availability and the location of immediate sources of food is a key factor in the choice of sleeping sites. 相似文献
8.
Taiki YAMAGAMI Takeshi MIYAMA Haruya TOYOMAKI Satoshi SEKIGUCHI Yosuke SASAKI Masuo SUEYOSHI Kohei MAKITA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1772
When a large-scale epidemic of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) occurred in 2013 in Japan, feedback feeding (feeding feces and gut tissues of infected piglets) was attempted to impart immunity to sows and immunize nursing piglets via breastfeeding. This study evaluated the effect of feedback feeding on PED control at 172 farms in Kagoshima and Miyazaki Prefectures. Univariable and multivariable generalized linear models were used to analyze the associations between conduct of feedback feeding and damage from the outbreak (outbreak period and the number of piglet deaths) at the farm level. The within-farm outbreak period shortened over time after the regional outbreak began on Kyushu Island (P=0.009) and was longer on large-scale farms (mean 66.0 days, P=0.003) than small-scale farms (29.4 days) and on farms that used feedback feeding (145.2 days, P=0.059) than those that did not (66.0 days). The number of dead piglets decreased over time since the first regional case (P<0.001) and was higher at farrow-to-finish farms (3.8 piglets/sow, P<0.001) than reproduction farms (0.7 piglets/sow). The effect of feedback feeding on the number of dead piglets was not significant, but its interaction term with farm style had a significant effect (5.0 more piglet deaths at reproduction farms than fallow-to-finish farms, P=0.001). These results suggest that feedback feeding made the damage from PED worse, though it was well established at a later stage of the regional PED epidemic. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
Interaction effect of whole wheat feeding and mannanoligosaccharides supplementation on growth performance,haematological indices and caecal microbiota of cockerel chicks 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. O. Oso O. Y. Erinle G. A. William A. C. Ogunade 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):919-923
The interaction effect of whole wheat feeding and mannanoligosaccharides supplementation on growth performance, haematological indices and caecal microbiota of cockerel chicks were investigated using 250‐day‐old cockerel chicks previously reared for 7 days pre‐experimental period. Birds were fed with commercial chick mash during the pre‐experimental period. At the expiration of this period, 192 chicks were selected on weight equalization basis and assigned into 24 pens. Each treatment consisted of six pens, while each pen housed eight birds. Four wheat–soya bean‐based experimental diets were formulated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diets having two wheat forms (ground and whole wheat grain) each supplemented or not with 1 g/kg MOS/kg feed. Whole wheat feeding (irrespective of MOS supplementation) showed reduced (p < 0.05) feed intake. Birds fed whole wheat diet supplemented with MOS recorded the highest (p < 0.01) final live weight, weight gain and the best (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. Haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and red blood cell count of the chicks were not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. However, dietary supplementation with MOS resulted in increased (p < 0.05) WBC counts. The caecum content of chicks fed with MOS‐supplemented whole wheat diets recorded the least (p < 0.01) salmonella counts. In conclusion, combination of whole wheat feeding and MOS supplementation showed improved growth performance, gut microbiota and indications of improved health status of cockerel chicks. 相似文献
12.
G.N. Smit 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):196-200
Cold damage to woody plants in the Sourish Mixed Bushveld. An incident of damage to woody plants by cold in the Sourish Mixed Bushveld was investigated. Woody plants in eight paddocks which were subjected to long‐term grazing treatments and which gave rise to different tree densities, were examined. The most common form of damage was top kill, and these plants subsequently coppiced from the base. Four woody species, namely Dichrostachys cinerea (the dominant woody species in the area), Acacia nilotica, A. gerrardii and A. robusta were severely damaged by the cold. The greatest effect was on trees in a certain height range; 1,0–3,0 m in the case of D. cinerea and 0,5–2,0 m in the case of the Acacia species. There was a negative curvilinear relationship between the number of trees larger than 2,0 m per hectare and the percentage damage. In paddocks where the tree density was relatively low the number of tree equivalents (equivalents of a tree 1,5 m high) was reduced by as much as 30%. 相似文献
13.
Tokushi Komatsu Yumi Higashiyama Michiru Fukasawa Kazuo Katoh Akinori Oshibe 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):271-276
In this study, we investigated the physiological changes in cattle during feeding and rumination. We collected blood samples every 5 min by using an automated blood sampling system and simultaneously recorded feeding, ruminating, and other behaviors using a video camera. Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations continuously decreased during feeding and decreased temporarily during rumination. Plasma glucose concentration continuously decreased during feeding and remained stable during rumination. During feeding and rumination, there were no characteristic increases and subsequent decreases in plasma insulin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations, although insulin concentrations were positively correlated with glucose concentration. NEFA concentrations were not correlated with GH and insulin concentrations. In terms of chewing behavior, feeding and rumination are similar; therefore, the changes in metabolites such as NEFA might have been the same. Combination of behavioral observations and application of an automated blood sampling system could contribute to new findings on behavioral and physiological changes regarding the temporary decrease in plasma NEFA concentration during rumination in ruminants. 相似文献
14.
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ad libitum and restricted computer-controlled milk replacer (MR) feeding strategies on performance of group-reared dairy calves during preweaning (from 0.5 to 2.0 months of age), weaning (2.0 to 2.5) and postweaning (2.5 to 6.0) periods. Two feeding trials comprised a total of 34 Finnish Ayrshire and 6 Holstein–Friesian bull calves. The calves were randomly (balanced for breed) allotted to pens (5 calves/pen) which were thereafter randomly allotted to two experimental treatments: 1) ad libitum MR feeding (F) with ad libitum access to MR and 2) restricted MR feeding (R) where the calves were given 6.0 L of MR daily. All the calves had free access to water, commercial starter and grass silage before weaning. The weaned calves had free access to water and silage and were given 3 kg/day (air-dry basis) of a concentrate mixture. Due to increased metabolizable energy intake (16.4 vs. 12.7 MJ/day; P < 0.05), the daily gain of the F calves was higher (690 vs. 543 g/day; P < 0.05) than that of the R calves during the preweaning period. Due to the more rapid increase in concentrate intake of the R calves during the weaning period the R calves grew better than the F calves (482 vs. 1038 g/day; P < 0.01) and the differences in live weight evened out during the weaning period. During the postweaning period there were no treatment differences in feed intake or gain. The average gain during the whole study was not affected by either of the treatments. Ad libitum feeding increased the variation in the MR intake and gain compared to restricted feeding. 相似文献
15.
16.
The effect of competition at feeding on specific categories of growing-finishing pigs was studied in order to provide an explanation for the increased variation in performance within pens previously seen in highly competitive feeding environments. Individual feed intake and feeding behavior, performance, and health were compared for relatively small, medium, and large pigs in pens of 16. Pens contained either one or two dry feeders during a period of ad libitum eating followed by a period of restricted feeding. Computerized feeders that registered the time and amount of feed consumed by each individual were used. Seven replicate groups on each of the two treatments (a total of 224 pigs) were studied. In the pens with only one feeder, the small pigs ate less (P < 0.05) and tended to have a lower daily weight gain (P < 0.10) than the small pigs in pens with two feeders. However, they had a better feed conversion efficiency (P < 0.05). The small pigs also had a different eating pattern. A considerably larger part of their daily feed intake was consumed during the nighttime hours (P < 0.001) when only one feeder was available rather than two feeders. The large pigs ate more during the restricted period (P < 0.01) and had a lower carcass meat percentage (P < 0.05) in the pens with one feeder. Some differences in feeding behavior between the two levels of competition were seen for all categories of pigs. No difference in health was observed between pigs in the one- and two-feeder pens for any size category of pigs. In conclusion, the inability of the small pigs to get access to feed in combination with overeating by the largest individuals caused the variation in performance seen within pens with a high level of competition at feeding (one feeder for 16 pigs). From a welfare point of view, feeding systems causing a high level of competition may be detrimental when considering all individual pigs in pens, even when it is possible to achieve acceptable production results on average. 相似文献
17.
梅花鹿瘤胃原虫、pH值年周期变化的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了研究梅花鹿瘤胃内原虫、ｐＨ值年周期变化,选用４头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花公鹿,对它们在生茸期及休闲期瘤胃内原虫数及ｐＨ值的变化作了系统研究与讨论。试验结果表明：生茸期采食前与采食后１小时和３小时之间原虫数变化不显著（Ｐ＞００５）。梅花鹿原虫生茸期与休闲期变化显著,其中夏季极显著地高于秋、冬、春３季（Ｐ＜００１）,冬、春两季显著高于秋季（Ｐ＜００５）。冬、春两季间原虫数变化不显著（Ｐ＞００５）。鹿生茸期不同时间点间ｐＨ值采食前极显著地高于采食后１小时和采食后３小时（Ｐ＜００１）,鹿个体间同一采样时间ｐＨ值均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。鹿瘤胃ｐＨ值季度变化中,春季ｐＨ值显著地高于夏、秋、冬３季（Ｐ＜００５）,夏、秋、冬３季之间变化不显著（Ｐ＞００５）。 相似文献
18.
Kinga Pápa DVM Roland Psáder DVM Ágnes Sterczer DVM PhD Ákos Pap PhD DSc Minna Rinkinen DVM PhD Thomas Spillmann Dipl Vet Med Dr Med Vet 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(6):554-563
Objective – To evaluate a method for endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement allowing short‐term postduodenal feeding and chyme withdrawal in dogs. Design – Pilot study. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals – Three healthy Beagle dogs with jejunal nipple valve fistulas. Interventions – After the dogs were anesthetized, an 8 Fr, 250‐cm polyvinyl chloride catheter was advanced through a gastroscope into the jejunum. Correct jejunal placement was established using endoscopic visualization and confirmed by fluoroscopy and radiography. The proximal end of the tube was pulled out through 1 nostril and sutured to the skin of the forehead. Thereafter, jejunal feeding was administered for 4 days. Follow‐up examinations included daily confirmation of the tube's position using radiography, physical examination, and blood analyses. Withdrawal of jejunal chyme was performed after jejunal and oral feeding. Measurements and Main Results – Fluoroscopic examination confirmed that endoscopic visualization alone allowed correct jejunal placement. During a 4‐day postduodenal feeding period, repeated radiographic examination revealed stable positioning of the tubes within the jejunum with minor cranial displacement. The tubes were functional throughout the study without causing identifiable problems. Repeated physical examinations and blood analysis showed no abnormalities. We were able to administer the daily caloric requirements as a liquid diet. Jejunal chyme was successfully withdrawn via the tube. Conclusions – Endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement was shown to be a minimally invasive, well‐tolerated method for short‐term jejunal feeding in healthy dogs. This technique is a viable option for dogs requiring jejunal feeding but not laparotomy. The feasibility of chyme sampling is another unique application of the procedure. 相似文献
19.
Eight mature Icelandic geldings were used in an experiment arranged as a change‐over design to evaluate the effect of feeding level on the digestibility of a high‐energy haylage‐only diet. The horses were fed a low feeding level 10.7 g dry matter (DM)/kg body weight (BW) (maintenance) and a high feeding level 18.1 g DM/kg BW (1.5 × maintenance) during two 23 days experimental periods. Total collection of faeces was performed for 6 days at the end of each period to determine the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD). The CTTAD for DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre and energy was higher in horses fed at the low level of feed intake, while feeding level did not affect the CTTAD of crude protein. The largest difference in CTTAD between feeding levels was found for NDF. The content (/kg DM) of digestible energy in the haylage was 11.3 MJ at the low level of feed intake and 10.6 MJ at the high level of feed intake. It can be concluded that feeding level has a large impact on the digestibility and energy value of early cut haylage in Icelandic horses. 相似文献
20.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2016,25(3):379-388
The feeding of waterfowl for fatty liver production is largely based on the use of completely pelleted feed. To reduce both the economic and environmental costs caused by transport and processing of feed and to respond to consumer demands for natural feeding systems, the use of whole grains has increased recently. The aim of this trial was to study the influence of 1) sequential feeding based on cereal grain and 2) cereal type (corn or triticale) during the finishing period on performance traits in male mule ducks. Present results suggest that a sequential feeding system modifies feeding behavior, growth, and body traits, and reduces feed intake during the finishing period (−6 and −10% for corn and triticale, respectively), but has no effect on performance during the overfeeding period. This system offers interesting prospects for a more sustainable rearing method, and the use of locally grown grains could reduce both the economic and environmental impacts of duck feeding. 相似文献