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1.
Hlne Amory DVM PhD Dip. ECEIM Daniel Jean DMV MSc PhD Dip. ACVIM R. Leveille DVM Dip. ACVR Robert Higgins DVM MSc DSc Andr Vrins DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(8):364-369
Retropharyngeal infections in horses normally induce local painful swelling of the retropharyngeal area, which may lead to dyspnea, dysphagia, and systemic manifestations. Differential diagnosis of local painful swelling of the retropharyngeal area includes retropharyngeal lymph node infection, neoplasm, cellulitis, hematoma, guttural pouch empyema, parotiditis, and jugular thrombosis. Apart from Streptococcus equi ssp. equi, other bacteria are rarely reported as a cause of retropharyngeal abscesses. The reason for this might be a lack of specific sampling to identify the causative agent. This work deals with a case of retropharyngeal infection in an 11-year-old Standardbred stallion with acute depression, fever, tachycardia, asymmetric painful swelling in the throat area, ptyalism, and respiratory distress. Endoscopy, radiography, ultrasonography, blood analysis, and cytological examination of a puncture sample taken from the throat mass were consistent with a pyogenic to pyogranulomatous retropharyngeal inflammation. The clinical evolution was initially satisfactory in response to treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, but clinical signs relapsed twice, each time a few weeks after cessation of antibiotic therapy. The bacteriologic finding in this case was unusual and consisted of the isolation of a Pasteurella multocida strain that was obtained after the second relapse (ie, 79 days after initial admission), using a brain heart infusion (BHI) medium, and after two successive negative bacteriological cultures performed on day one of clinical signs and at the first relapse of clinical signs, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Grady H. Shelton DVM Chris K. Grant PhD DSc Michael L. Linenberger MD Janis L. Abkowitz MD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1990,4(6):317-319
Griseofulvin administration was associated with the development of absolute neutropenia in six of seven (86%) cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection. The neutropenia was severe (less than 400 neutrophils/microliter) in four of the six affected cats, and one cat died from sepsis. Neutrophil counts returned to baseline values within 15 days after drug withdrawal in all surviving cats. No symptoms or hematologic abnormalities were observed in four normal (FIV-seronegative) cats treated with the same lot of griseofulvin at equivalent doses. Neutropenia recurred in two of two FIV-seropositive cats upon griseofulvin rechallenge. Cats with FIV infections appear to be at increased risk for griseofulvin-associated neutropenia. This phenomenon may be analogous to the increased frequency of antibiotic-induced neutropenias observed in humans infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 相似文献
3.
G. Obolensky Ing. Agr. BSc MSc Dr. Ing. DSc. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1960,7(3):273-288
Summary 1) Some aspects of transplantation of embryo pieces of one species, into the embryo of an other one were discussed, as well as the grafting of an embryo on the endosperm of other varieties, species and even genera (vegetative hyberidization).2) Deep hereditary changes were observed, as well as an incompatibility (negative tropism) to assimilate and to fuse between the embryonic tissues of different species.3) But a positive tropism with a complete assimilation of the tissue can also be observed in all those cases, when the grafted endosperm, belonged to the same species as the one of the transplanted embryo piece.4) This method should be extended in order to produce oil seed crops and particularily soja beans, ripening in northern long day regions (change from short day to long day photoperiodism).5) Ultrasonic vibrations could be usefully applied to improve this grafting method.
Resume 1) Quelques aspects de transplantation d'un fragment d'embryon d'une espèce, dans celui d'une autre, ont été discutés, ainsique le gréffage d'un embryon, sur les réserves nutritives (endosperme) d'autres variétés, espèces et mêmes genres (hybridation végétative).2) Des changements héréditaires profonds ont pu être observés, ainsiqu'une incompatibilité (tropisme négative) de s'assimiler et de fusionner entre les tissus embryonaires de différentes espèces.3) Quand-même un tropisme positif, accompagné d'une assimilation complète des tissues, put être observé dans tous ces cas, ou la réserve nutritive (endosperme) appartenait à la même espèce que le fragment transplanté.4) Cette méthode devrait être approfondie pour pouvoir produire des plantes oléagineuses, en particulier du soja, qui puisse mûrir dans des régions nordiques aux jours longs, pendant la saison de croissance (changement d'un phototropisme de jours courts à celui de jours longs).5) Un traitement aux Ultra-Sons pourrait être avantageusement appliqué afin d'améliorer cette méthode.相似文献
4.
L. S. Gay D. S. Kronfeld PhD DSc MVSc A. Grimsley-Cook DVM MS J. J. Dascanio DVM A. O. Ordakowski-Burk PhD R. K. Splan PhD E. A. Dunnington PhD D. J. Sklan PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2004,24(3):115-120
Fat-soluble vitamins transfer poorly across the diffuse epitheliochorial placenta of the mare, so the neonatal foal is dependent on its supply via colostrum. Concentrations of retinol (RT), β-carotene (BC), and β-tocopherol (AT) were assayed in samples of plasma, colostrum and milk from nine mares of mixed light breeding and their foals at parturition and days 1, 2, and 4 postpartum. Samples were analyzed simultaneously for RT, BC, and AT using a new, less time-consuming reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Feeds were analyzed, and mean daily intakes calculated. Mare plasma RT increased from day 1 to day 4 (P = .033), and plasma AT declined linearly from day 0 to day 4 (P = .006). Colostrum concentrations of all vitamins increased from parturition to day 1, and then declined rapidly over the 4 days. Foal plasma BC increased from parturition to day 4 (P = .080), and plasma AT increased from parturition to day 2 (P < .001), and 4 (P = .060). These observations suggest that three times the current recommendation of vitamin A is sufficient for pregnant mares, in keeping with previous studies of growth, pregnancy, and lactation. In contrast, the linear decrease in mare plasma AT suggests that 1.2 times the current recommendation of vitamin E may be less than optimal for pregnant mares.
Introduction
The diffuse epitheliochorial placenta of the mare does not allow fat-soluble vitamins to cross with ease to the fetus,[1] so their status in the neonatal foal is dependent on colostrum. This first milk contains these vitamins, which are necessary for many functions.Vitamin A is required for vision, reproduction, growth, development, and maintenance of epithelial cells, and osteoclast activity in bone formation. In addition, vitamin A deficiencies reduce resistance to disease, can cause neurological degeneration, and congenital defects.[2] Vitamin E, an antioxidant, prevents lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage. Its deficiency in horses has been associated with a form of muscular dystrophy and impaired immune function. [3]Studies on the mare and foal have described blood concentrations of one or two of these vitamins,[4, 5 and 6] but only one involved all three. [7] In that study, vitamin concentrations were assayed in mare blood and milk, but only once in foal blood at parturition, so data during the periparturant period is incomplete.The objectives of this enumerative study were to determine concentrations of RT, BC, AT in plasma and colostrum, to evaluate colostral transfer of these vitamins, to assess the adequacy of vitamin intakes of mares, and to develop a time-saving single-run HPLC method.Materials and methods
Animals
Nine healthy aged multiparous mares of mixed light breeding (13.6 ± 1.5 years, 592 ± 20 kg body mass) and their foals were sampled. The institutional animal care and use committee approved the protocol. Mares were kept on meager late-winter mixed grass pasture, with free access to round bale orchard and fescue grass hay, water, and trace mineral/vitamin salt. They were fed 2 kg of concentrate twice daily at 7:00 and 3:00 . The diet met or exceeded current recommendations for pregnant mares at 11 months gestation for energy.[8] Samples of hay and concentrate were submitted for partial proximate analysis to the Virginia Tech Forage Testing Laboratory where standard AOAC [9] methods are used ( Table 1). Samples of feeds were also taken for analysis of RT, BC, and AT ( Table 2). 相似文献5.
The pre-emptive effect of epidural ketamine on wound sensitivity in horses tested by using von Frey filaments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Márcia A Rédua DVM MSc Carlos AA Valadão DVM DSc Juan C Duque DVM MSc Lúcia T Balestrero DVM MSc 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(4):200-206
Objective To evaluate the pre‐emptive analgesic effect of pre‐incisional epidural ketamine. Study Design A blinded, randomized experimental study. Animals Sixteen mixed breed mares, 7.6 ± 2.8 years old, weighing 352 ± 32 kg. Methods In a pilot study, an incision was made on one lateral thigh using a lidocaine block and no further analgesics, and it was verified that the nociceptive threshold was lower on the incised side than nonincised side (p ≤ 0.05), and that von Frey filaments evoked a pain response. The 16 animals were divided into group A (ketamine, n = 9) and B (saline, n = 7). An epidural catheter was inserted 24 hours before the trials. The thigh was shaved bilaterally, and the right side was blocked (incised side) using lidocaine. Twenty‐five minutes later, ketamine (A) or saline (B) was administered epidurally. Five minutes later, a 10‐cm skin incision was made on the right side, and then sutured. Nociceptive threshold was determined with von Frey filaments at 1, 3, and 5 cm around the incision at 15‐minute intervals for 2 hours, then at 4, 6, and 8 hours. Behavioral alterations, heart and respiratory rates were recorded. Nociceptive thresholds from these points were averaged to obtain mean values at each time, converted to a logarithmic scale, and submitted to a nonparametric analysis (Mann–Whitney and one‐way repeated measures anova test, p ≤ 0.05). Results After 8 hours, the global range score revealed reduced hyperalgesia (p < 0.01) around the incision in 92% (4.65–4.27) of evaluated intervals in group A (ketamine). There were no significant changes in behavior, heart and respiratory rates. Conclusions It was concluded that pre‐emptive epidural ketamine reduced post‐incisional pain in the horse, and that von Frey filaments were able to quantify cutaneous sensitivity after tissue damage. Clinical relevance Epidural ketamine injection can reduce post‐incisional sensitivity in the horse. 相似文献
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7.
M. Juan C. Duque DVM MSc Almir P. Souza DVM DSc Newton Nunes DVM DSc Cristiane S. Honsho DVM DSc Ívia C. Talieri DVM DSc 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2005,15(2):92-99
Objective: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of continuous infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Design: A prospective experimental study. Animals: Twelve mixed breed dogs allocated into 2 groups: saline (n=6) and ketamine (n=6). Interventions: After obtaining baseline measurements (time [T] 0) in awake dogs, hypovolemia was induced by the removal of 40 mL of blood/kg over 30 minutes. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with desflurane (1.5 minimal alveolar concentration) and 30 minutes later (T75) a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of saline or ketamine (100 μg/kg/min) was initiated. Cardiorespiratory evaluations were obtained 15 minutes after hemorrhage (T45), 30 minutes after desflurane anesthesia, and immediately before initiating the infusion (T75), and 5 (T80), 15 (T90), 30 (T105) and 45 (T120) minutes after beginning the infusion. Measurements and main results: Hypovolemia (T45) reduced the arterial blood pressures (systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure [DAP] and mean arterial pressure [MAP]), cardiac (CI) and systolic (SI) indexes, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in both groups. After 30 minutes of desflurane anesthesia (T75), an additional decrease of MAP in both groups was observed, heart rate was higher than T0 at T75, T80, T90 and T105 in saline‐treated dogs only, and the CI was higher in the ketamine group than in the saline group at T75. Five minutes after starting the infusion (T80), respiratory rate (RR) was lower and the end‐tidal CO2 (ETCO2) was higher compared with values at T45 in ketamine‐treated dogs. Mean values of ETCO2 were higher in ketamine than in saline dogs between T75 and T120. The systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) was decreased between T80 and T120 in ketamine when compared with T45. Conclusions: Continuous IV infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane induced an increase in ETCO2, but other cardiorespiratory alterations did not differ from those observed when the same concentration of desflurane was used as the sole anesthetic agent. However, this study did not evaluate the effectiveness of ketamine infusion in reducing desflurane dose requirements in hypovolemic dogs or the cardiorespiratory effects of ketamine–desflurane balanced anesthesia. 相似文献
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9.
John Colhoun BSc. BAgr. MAgr. PhD. DSc. MSc. DIC. FLS. 《Plant pathology》2002,51(4):405-406
10.
George Obolensky Ing. Agr. BSc. MSc. Dr. Ing. DSc. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1958,5(1-2):158-166
Conclusion The protest against Michurinism, from non-Russian countries, has been on three main grounds: that his scientific theories are unconvincing; that the intrusion of political influence into scientific controversy is unjustifiable; and that the treatment meted out to his defeated opponents has included imprisonment and death.Modern genetics has grown through the work ofCorrens, Goldschmidt, Muller, Darlington, Haldane and many others, and today many aspects of it are thoroughly permeated with physiological and dynamic thinking.Lysenko, however, still attacks it on the old lines, using arguments form the pregenetical days ofDarwin as well as those produced byMichurin, Timirtazey, etc. who first criticized it.
Lysenko's claim that heredity can be altered by external influences either by submitting the organism to altered conditions, or by grafting one type of plant to another, when the stock and graft are said to influence each other's hereditary qualities, may be looked upon as a scientific novelty.Neither of these two parts is easy to accept.Graft hybridization is a problem with a long history. Nearly all alleged cases in the past have turned out to be misinterpretations; but there is no doubt that viruses and some proteins can be transmitted in this way and act and cause the observed results. It is possible though not yet acceptable as proven, thatLysenko is on to something in this obscure and not fully understood field. But even if this be so, there seems no reason whatever to believe that this results could overthrow classical genetics, though he might conceivably represent an addition, even quite an important addition, to it.Thus it becomes clear that the gap between Michurinites and Neo-Mendelists does not appear to be absolute, and may be further narrowed as reliable evidence becomes more readily available to both groups. 相似文献