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添加剂在青贮饲料中的利用与研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2015,36(4):60-60
饲料的青贮发酵是一个复杂的微生物活动和生物化学变化过程,青贮过程中可加入多种青贮添加剂来调控青贮发酵。重点介绍了乳酸菌制剂、酶制剂和糖蜜在饲料青贮中的利用与研究,并对国内外青贮添加剂的研究和应用现状进行了概述,以期为今后的青贮添加剂研究提供参考。 相似文献
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青贮除了借助于乳酸菌对富含可溶性糖的原料进行一般性发酵(常规)青贮法外,还有半干(低水分或凋萎)青贮法和添加剂青贮法。在这些青贮方法中起主导作用的是不同种类的微生物,根据微生物种类及发酵特性的不同,可把青贮发酵类型分为乳酸型、醋酸型、梭菌发酵型、凋萎型、添加剂抑制型和添加剂促进型6种。青贮过程中,主要微生物有乳酸菌、梭菌、腐败菌、醋酸菌、酵母菌和霉菌等。1乳酸菌乳酸菌是促使青饲料发酵的主要有益微生物,属于厌氧性、革兰氏阳性的无芽孢微生物,能使糖分发酵产生乳酸。乳酸则可被家畜吸收利用。乳酸菌种类很多,按发酵过… 相似文献
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1青贮饲料添加剂的种类
氨水和尿素是较早用于青贮饲料的添加剂，适用于青贮玉米、高粱和其他禾谷类。添加后可增加青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量，抑制好氧微生物的生长，而对反刍家畜的食欲和消化机能无不良影响。青贮时尿素用量一般为0．3％～0．5％。 相似文献
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青贮饲料时,加入适宜的添加剂能提高青贮的成功率及青贮饲料的品质。 1.氨水和尿素 适用于青贮玉米、高梁等禾谷类作物。添加后可增加青饲料的粗蛋白质含量,抑制好氧微生物的生长,而对反刍家畜的食欲和消化机能无不良影响。青贮时尿素用量一般为青 相似文献
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微贮饲料发酵技术是在研究青贮饲料技术及草食家畜反刍瘤胃消化特点的基础上发展起来的一门新型生物技术。根据青贮添加剂作用效果,可将其分为5类：（1）发酵促进型添加剂;（2）发酵抑制型添加剂; 相似文献
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青贮饲料是指将新鲜的青饲料切短装入密封容器里,经过微生物发酵作用,制成一种具有特殊芳香气味、营养丰富的多汁饲料,具有能够长期保存青绿多汁饲料的特性,扩大饲料资源,保证家畜均衡供应青绿多汁饲料。青贮饲料具有气味酸香、柔软多汁、颜色黄绿、适口性好等优点。青贮饲料已在世界各国畜牧生产中普遍推广应用,是饲喂草食家畜的重要的青绿多汁饲料。目前,青贮调制技术同以往相比有较大改进,在青贮方法上推广采用低水分青贮,添加添加剂、糖蜜、谷物等特种青贮法,提高青贮效果,改进了青贮饲料的品质。青贮设备向大型密闭式的青贮塔发展,青贮塔用防腐防锈钢板制成,装料与取料已实行机械化。青贮原料由农作物的秸秆发展到专门建立饲料地、种植青贮原料,特别是种植青贮玉米,使青贮饲料的数量和质量有较大提高。 相似文献
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木本饲料是一种新型的非常规饲料,富含多种氨基酸、维生素和有机物,营养价值丰富,且大部分木本饲料植物粗蛋白质含量较高,可作为优良的蛋白质饲料资源,有效利用能够缓解蛋白质资源匮乏对畜牧业发展的严重制约。但由于抗营养因子的存在,未经处理的木本饲料直接饲喂牲畜适口性较差、消化利用率不高,而通过青贮处理能有效地减少饲料营养物质的损失、提高适口性、改善其营养成分、提升饲喂效果,现已成为一种重要的处理方式。作者基于国内外对木本饲料青贮的相关研究,围绕不同木本饲料营养价值的评定、青贮原料选取、青贮添加剂（化学添加剂、乳酸菌添加剂、酶制剂和营养型添加剂）对青贮发酵的影响、木本饲料与不同原料（禾本科牧草、不同的木本饲料、农业副产品等）混合青贮技术及其对发酵的影响、木本饲料成功青贮后营养成分特征及木本青贮饲料在各项饲喂试验中对不同动物的饲喂效果等方面的研究进展进行系统地综述,并针对木本饲料的研究现状及资源重要性对其未来发展提出建议和展望,以期为木本青贮饲料的后续开发和实际生产应用提供参考。 相似文献
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Qizhong SUN Fengqin GAO Zhu YU Ya TAO Shufen ZHAO Yimin CAI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(4):305-309
Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed. 相似文献
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微生物菌剂处理全株玉米青贮及花生秧添加对小尾寒羊生长性能及养分消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究微生物菌剂处理制作全株玉米青贮和花生秧添加对小尾寒羊生长性能及养分消化率的影响。试验采用2×2析因试验设计,两因素是青贮处理(NFK和ZKY菌剂青贮)、花生秧添加水平(0和17.5%)。选用3月龄、初始体重(21.38±1.26)kg的小尾寒羊公羊80只,随机分成4组,每组5个圈栏,每圈栏4只羊。结果表明:与ZKY青贮组相比,NFK青贮组干物质采食量(DMI)有升高趋势(P=0.062),羊只净收益提高了2.1%~13.3%;随着花生秧的添加,DMI显著提高(P0.05),耗料增重比(F/G)有升高趋势(P=0.064),粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)消化率显著降低(P0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消化率有提高趋势(P=0.094)。综上所述,NFK青贮对小尾寒羊饲喂效果(尤其是增重及经济效益)优于ZKY青贮;添加花生秧在一定范围内可增加羊只增重收益,考虑到饲料成本、饲料转化效率及经济效益,建议当日粮添加花生秧时选择NFK菌剂处理青贮,反之选择ZKY菌剂。 相似文献
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青贮微生物的种类和数量在整个青贮饲料发酵中具有重要作用，发掘和利用青贮有益微生物已成为提升发酵品质的一个重要研究方向。不同类型的混合青贮饲料中微生物种类差异较大，从而使发酵特性多样化。发酵微生物的演替过程及其群落结构往往决定了发酵品质，通过监测微生物菌群组成的动态变化，可以为调控青贮饲料的发酵提供理论依据。本研究对青贮微生物群落演替过程，不同混合青贮类型微生物多样性以及影响混合青贮微生物多样性的原因进行了总结，同时指出了乳酸菌抗菌性、混合青贮推广和混合青贮对动物生产性能等方面研究存在的问题并提出了展望，为青贮微生物的实际应用提供参考和新思路。 相似文献
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Nikkhah A Ghaempour A Khorvash M Ghorbani GR 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(5):623-631
In many regions, optimum dry matter (DM) content of corn crop pre-ensilage cannot be ensured for management, agronomical and climatic reasons. Under such conditions, corn crops are harvested at low DM, and are easily exposed to unfavourable fermentation pathways and plant spoilage and wastage. Thus, it is a major question for dairy agriculturists whether certain microbial inoculants application to low-DM corn crop pre-ensilage affects silage quality and cow performance. The objective was to determine effects of adding microbial inoculants to low-DM corn crop at ensiling on silage quality, rumen fermentation and milk production of eight Holstein cows fed the treated silages. Whole corn plant was harvested at milk stage of maturity with 204 g DM/kg of fresh crop, cut to a theoretical particle length of 2 cm, filled in 60 t bunker silos, and treated layer by layer with either no inoculant (control), inoculant 'E' (100 000 cfu/g of fresh crop) containing mainly Lactobacillus plantarum, inoculant 'B' (100 000 cfu) containing mainly Pediococcus pentosanus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacter freudenreichii or a mixture of inoculants 'E' and 'B' (200,000 cfu). Inoculants were mixed with water and sprayed on thin layers of corn chops layer by layer followed by rolling to ensure proper oxygen outage and even microbial distribution throughout the plants. Eight multiparous lactating Holstein cows at 100 ± 20.5 days in milk were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 20-day periods including 14 days of adaptation and 6 days of sampling. Dietary treatments were mixed rations containing corn silages with or without the inoculants. The basal diet contained 32.9% corn silage, 14.3% alfalfa hay and 52.8% concentrate on a DM basis. Inoculants did not affect silage pH or content of DM, CP, lactate, acetate, ash and total volatile fatty acids (VFA). Applying 'B' to corn crop resulted in higher water soluble carbohydrates (47.7 g/kg vs 29.8 g/kg) and lower neutral detergent fibre (494.1 g/kg vs 464.0 g/kg) compared with control. The combined inoculants increased silage butyrate relative to other treatments. The mixture of 'E + B' and 'B' moderately decreased rumen pH, when compared to 'E'. The 'E + B' increased rumen VFA concentrations relative to 'E' and control silage. Dry matter intake increased when corn crop was ensiled with 'E' than with control and 'E + B', but this had little impact on milk production or its energy concentrations. Milk energy yield tended to decrease when 'B' but not 'E' was applied alone, compared with control and 'E + B'. The estimated proportion of the consumed energy secreted in milk increased when inoculants were applied together compared with when they were used separately. Results suggest positive effects of Lactobacillus plantarum containing inoculant on feed intake, some effects on corn silage water soluble carbohydrates, fibre and butyrate contents, rumen pH and VFA concentrations; but no significant effects on total tract nutrient digestibility or productivity of Holstein cows fed diets with 329 g corn silage/kg of diet DM. 相似文献