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5个水稻品种对水稻纹枯病菌鉴别能力的比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用苗期接种法和大田成株期接种法,对5个具有不同纹枯病抗性的水稻品种Lemont、武育粳3号、Jasmine85、C418和YSBR1进行纹枯病抗性评价。苗期接种结果表明,30个来源不同的纹枯病菌接种5个品种后,5个品种苗期表现出明显的抗感差异,30个菌株之间致病力差异亦明显,且品种与菌株之间互作显著。根据聚类分析结果,从30个菌株中筛选出5个致病力不同的菌株(分别为GD118、C30、E67、YN7和YN3)进行水稻品种成株期抗性鉴定,发现水稻品种成株期的抗感差异亦显著。 相似文献
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利用C30、、E67、GD118、YN7和YN3等5个水稻纹枯病鉴别菌株在苗期对322份江西水稻种质资源对纹枯病抗性进行接种鉴定。结果表明,对5个鉴别菌株均表现高抗或抗病的有兴国寸谷糯、南城麻壳红、湘矮早10号、二禾红、小站红米稻、47601（韩国）和晚油红8个品种,平均病级分别为2.34、1.97、2.46、1.73、2.04、1.89、2.46和2.53,系统观察还发现G珍籼97B、湘恢91269与Rocca 3个品种比对照高感品种Lemont更感病。本文对国内水稻纹枯病鉴别体系中鉴别菌株和鉴别品种的选择进行了讨论。 相似文献
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小麦茎基腐病是由镰刀菌属多种真菌引起的一种世界性重要病害,严重影响小麦品质与产量。近些年来,该病害频繁发生,对粮食可持续生产和人畜生命健康构成了严重威胁。目前小麦茎基腐病抗性鉴定的接种方法及评价体系比较混乱,严重制约其抗性遗传育种与抗病机理研究的快速发展。本文从苗期与成株期抗性鉴定两个方面,对该病害抗性鉴定常用的接种方法、培养条件及抗性评价体系进行综述。在此基础上,指出苗期抗性鉴定宜采用孢子液浸泡法和天然培养基接种法,以茎基腐病症状分级为指标进行抗性评价;成株期抗性鉴定宜采用天然培养基接种法,以病蘖率结合茎秆症状严重程度作为评价指标比较合适。最后,为建立高效统一的茎基腐病抗性鉴定方法,提出了增强苗期抗性鉴定标准化、注重成株期抗性鉴定研究的建议,以期为小麦茎基腐病抗性的准确鉴定提供有益信息。 相似文献
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以盆栽杂交稻汕优63为供试品种开展人工接种技术研究，并利用人工接种技术对85个品种（组合）进行了抗性鉴定。研究表明，水稻叶尖枯病菌的侵入途径主要是伤口。人工接种，以病菌分生孢子液（低倍镜视野15～30个孢子）或菌丝液，在水稻孕穗至扬花期进行剪叶蘸菌液接种为好。接种后一定时间内的病斑扩展长度可作为大田鉴定水稻品种抗性的评价标准。根据大田接种结果，不同稻型和品种对叶尖枯病的抗性差异较大。一般杂交籼稻感病，常规中籼稻次之，而粳、糯稻抗病。这一结果与水稻叶尖枯病的大田发生情况相似。抗性鉴定中发现，一般秆高、叶长且披垂的水稻品种（组合）较感病；抗病品种特别是粳糯稻品种在病健交界处表现明显的褐色过敏性反应。 相似文献
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已经证明在小麦成株期,基因Lr13赋予对许多叶锈菌小种以抗性,但截止目前,尚未发现它在苗期提供抗性.Dych等观察到Lr13在三叶期是抗病的,而在一叶期则是感病的.虽然以前在一叶期未探测到抗性,但是将它用于品种改良仍然是有效的.如果在苗期能鉴定到这个基因,那么将它用于品种改良就更加方便.以前已经报道过温度能左右叶锈抗性基因表达的效应.有人发现降低培养温度可提供对燕麦冠锈病成株抗性在苗期表达的环境.本文描述了应用高温培养周期和病原物专化菌株在苗期鉴定Lr13基因的情况. 相似文献
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黄淮麦区主推小麦品种对假禾谷镰刀菌所致茎基腐病的抗性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
茎基腐病是我国小麦生产上一种新的土传病害,近年在黄淮麦区发生日益加重,成为影响小麦安全生产的新问题。为给该病的防治和抗病育种工作提供依据,本研究以国内新发现的小麦茎基腐病优势病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium pseudograminearum)Wz2-8A菌株为接种物,分别以国外抗病材料SUNCO和国内高度感病品种国麦301为抗性对照和感病对照,对黄淮麦区主推小麦品种进行了苗期盆栽接种和田间成株期接种抗性鉴定,并采用病情指数法进行了抗性评价。结果表明,供试品种在室内苗期及田间成株期均无免疫品种和高抗品种,其中室内苗期接种所有品种均表现感病或高度感病;田间病圃成株期抗性鉴定发现兰考198、许科718等10个黄淮麦区主推小麦品种表现为中抗,占供试品种总数的11.36%;焦麦266、郑麦004、郑麦0856等41个品种表现感病,占供试品种总数的46.59%;其余品种表现为高感,平均病情指数最高可达57.97,占供试品种总数的42.05%。本研究发现我国黄淮麦区主推小麦品种对茎基腐病优势病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌抗性整体较差,需要进一步加强抗病资源筛选,创制新的抗病材料,并充分利用中抗材料进行抗病育种。 相似文献
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纹枯病菌对不同水稻品种叶片中抗病性相关酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对优质抗纹枯病水稻品种ZH5、较抗纹枯病品种特青、感纹枯病品种Lemont及恢复系泸恢17、多系1号和GB8等水稻材料进行纹枯病菌接种,测定了水稻叶片中与抗病性相关的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD) 的活性和丙二醛 (MDA) 的含量。不论纹枯病菌接种与否,ZH5和特青叶片中SOD活性均明显高于Lemont;纹枯病菌接种后,抗性品种ZH5和特青叶片中POD活性升高,感病品种Lemont 叶片中POD活性降低;不论是抗病还是感病的水稻材料,纹枯病菌接种后叶片中MDA含量均有所增加,但ZH5叶片中MDA含量明显低于其他参试材料。 相似文献
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为了解安徽省水稻品种（组合）对纹枯病的抗性现状,用5个不同致病力的水稻纹枯病菌,对收集来自该省的87个水稻品种（组合）进行了苗期抗性鉴定。基于参试的水稻品种（组合）的平均病情指数,仅有3个组合表现为抗病,分别是纯王优2号、辐优136和中优9801,占总材料数的3.44%;中抗、中感和感病的品种（组合）分别占总数的21.84%、62.07%和12.64%。基于聚类分析,抗、中抗、中感和感的材料分别占3.44%、20.69%、43.68%和32.18%。相关分析表明,两个分类结果间达极显著相关（r=0.85,P〈0.01）。结果说明安徽省大多数品种（组合）对纹枯病表现为中感或感病级别,抗性总体较差,生产上应加强对纹枯病抗性品种的选育。 相似文献
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苗期抗性不同的水稻品种成株期对褐飞虱的抗性 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
在浙江富阳评价了汕优63（含Bph1）、IR42（含bph2）、IR56（含Bph3）和TN1(感虫对照)以及新近育成的杂交稻中浙优1号、国稻6号等苗期抗性不同的水稻品种成株期对褐飞虱的抗性。结果表明,苗期中抗（5级）以上的水稻品种在成株期均表现出明显的抗性;苗期高感(9级)的水稻品种成株期亦感虫,但田间虱烧出现时间和虱烧程度有所差异。苗期高感的中浙优1号田间“虱烧”发生时间比同样高感的TN1晚5 d,推测中浙优1号对褐飞虱有一定的耐受性,这是在苗期鉴定中不能体现的。因此,应重视对苗期感虫的优良水稻品种的成株期抗性鉴定。 相似文献
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Effects of cultivar resistance and single fungicide application on rice sheath blight, yield, and quality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The increased number of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)-resistant rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars available will allow producers to use less fungicide and avoid significant reductions in grain and milling yields. Among cultivars currently in cultivation in the southern United States, sheath blight resistance levels range from very susceptible to moderately resistant. A study was conducted to determine the response of cultivars, with different levels of susceptibility, to sheath blight inoculations and fungicide application and to determine the impact of sheath blight disease development on rice yield and quality. Sheath blight epidemics in field plots were initiated by inoculation at the panicle differentiation growth stage in 2006 and 2007. Azoxystrobin at 0.17 kg a.i. ha−1 was applied at mid-boot. Inoculation significantly increased sheath blight severity and incidence and caused yield losses of 8% in moderately resistant cv. Jupiter to 40% in very susceptible cv. Trenasse. Milling yields were affected to a lesser extent. Fungicide treatments reduced sheath blight incidence and severity, regardless of cultivar except in Jupiter. Single azoxystrobin applications were effective in minimizing yield loss due to sheath blight in all cultivars. 相似文献
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水稻抗纹枯病育种成效的初步评价 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
以广东省和江苏省里下河农科所新近育成的部分籼稻品种（系）、扬州大学农学院的研究组以不同抗源杂交后代向抗感两个极端选育的9份籼稻品系以及另一组合向抗病方向选育的5份籼稻品系为材料,设置抗感病对照,进行田间纹枯病菌接种试验。结果表明品种间对纹枯病的抗性存在极显著差异;聚类分析将参试材料按抗性水平高低聚为6类：高度感病、感病、中等感病、中等抗病、抗病和更高水平抗病。广东品种在6种类型中均有分布,但属于抗和更抗类型的品种只有3个。扬州大学农学院对抗×抗杂交向抗感两个极端选育的品系在病级的中间类型中几乎没有分布;而向抗病方向选育的品系则仅分布于中抗至抗病的范围内,且属于抗的品种数占此类品种的60%。江苏省里下河农科所近些年育成的几个品种则只分布于后4类之中,且最高水平抗性的3个品种中,其品种占2/3。表明水稻对纹枯病的抗性是可遗传的性状,对抗性的选择有效。 相似文献
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Helen E. Stewart J. E. Bradshaw R. L. Wastie G. R. Mackay Orly Erlich L. Livescu A. Nachmias 《Potato Research》1994,37(3):257-269
Summary Progenies from crosses between cultivars varying widely in resistance to early blight (Alternaria solani Sor.), were assessed for resistance as true seedlings in a glasshouse in Scotland. The resistance of a representative sample
of surviving genotypes from each progeny was compared with samples of the same progenies not previously exposed to the fungus,
both in the glasshouse in Scotland and in the field in Israel. The exposed population was more resistant. Resistance was identified
more effectively in adult plants from tubers in the glasshouse than in true seedlings and agreement between glasshouse and
field assessment was better when progenies were compared rather than individual genotypes. The mid parent and progeny mean
scores of the unexposed population were correlated at both sites, thus confirming that the resistance is heritable. Selecting
resistant individuals at the seedling stage is suggested as a useful tool for resistance breeding, having first chosen the
best parents for crossing. 相似文献
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Peroxidase activity; a potential criterion in breeding for field resistance toPhytophthora infestans
Summary The results of other experiments (cited in the references) showed that peroxidase activity (PA) in clones (cultivars or hybrids)
was correlated with field resistance to late blight in uninoculated plants. In contrast, in our experiments where PA was tested
in seedlings before inoculation and 5 and 15 days after it, the correlation was found only with PA data recorded after infection.
Negative and positive correlations with PA were found, respectively, when the population structure was expressed in four size
classes (before inoculation) or of attack intensity (after inoculation). 相似文献
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利用近等基因系研究3个抗水稻纹枯病QTL的聚合效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用特青/Lemont组合的回交群体,证实了特青第7染色体上存在抗纹枯病QTL qSB7Tq。以Lemont为轮回亲本,通过分子标记辅助连续回交结合性状鉴定,构建了qSB7Tq与另外两个抗水稻纹枯病QTL qSB9Tq（位于特青第9染色体）和qSB11Le（位于Lemont第11染色体）的一套近等基因系,对各抗性QTL的单个效应及其聚合效应进行了研究。3个抗性QTL单独存在或在聚合状态下均能显著提高水稻品种对纹枯病的抗性水平。但是,不同抗性QTL之间可能普遍存在一定的负向互作关系。讨论了一致的遗传背景对QTL研究的重要性,以及不同QTL的聚合效应及互作关系对育种实践的意义。 相似文献
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Wenlei Cao Xinxin Cao Jianhua Zhao Zhaoyang Zhang Zhiming Feng Shouqiang Ouyang Shimin Zuo 《水稻科学》2020,27(2):101-112
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are about 22 nucleotides regulatory non-coding RNAs that play versatile roles in reprogramming plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it remains unknown whether miRNAs confer the resistance to necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani in rice. To investigate whether miRNAs regulate the resistance to R. solani, we constructed 12 small RNA libraries from susceptible and resistant rice cultivars treated with water/pathogen at 5 h post inoculation(hpi), 10 hpi and 20 hpi, respectively. By taking the advantage of next-generation sequencing, we totally collected 400–450 known mi RNAs and 450–620 novel miRNAs from the libraries. Expression analysis of mi RNAs demonstrated different patterns for known and novel miRNAs upon R. solani challenge. Thirty-four mi RNA families were identified to be expressed specifically in rice, and most of them were involved in plant disease resistance. A particular Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis result revealed that a great majority of target genes of regulated miRNAs belonged to the pathway of plant-pathogen interaction. Moreover, miR444 b.2, miR531 a, mir1861 i, novel_miR1956 and novel_miR135 conferred response to R. solani infection confirmed by Northern blot. Our global understanding of miRNA profiling revealed that the regulation of mi RNAs may be implicated in the control of rice immunity to R. solani. Analysis of the expression of miRNAs will offer the community with a direction to generate appropriate strategies for controlling rice sheath blight disease. 相似文献