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浙江省舟山地区水产品及其养殖环境中霍乱弧菌污染状况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解浙江省舟山地区水产养殖环境及水产品中霍乱弧菌的污染状况,于2007年与2009年采集水样、泥样及多种水产品等176份样品。用TCBS选择性培养基从样品中分离弧菌,并应用基于编码胶原酶的霍乱弧菌看家基因(vcc)的特异性PCR方法检测霍乱弧菌。霍乱弧菌的总检出率为5.1%(9/176),其中2007年的检出率(5.5%)稍高于2009年(4.5%)。9株霍乱弧菌分离株中,5株来自环境,4株来自水产品。虾类产品中检出3株,而检出这3株霍乱弧菌的虾类产品均为南美白对虾。由此可见,水产品及其养殖加工环境存在安全隐患。 相似文献
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2007—2009年,应用荧光定量PCR方法对1669份分批采自屠宰场和冻肉库的动物产品增菌后进行沙门氏菌检测,共检出沙门氏菌阳性169份,总阳性检出率为10.13%;其中冻肉库检测样品264份,沙门氏菌阳性55份,鸡肉检出率为25.93%,猪肉检出率为11.76%,鸭肉检出率为30.95%,羊肉检测出率为15.38%,牛肉检出率为12.5%;屠宰场检测1405份猪肝,沙门氏菌阳性114份,阳性检出率为8.11%。结果表明,屠宰场和冻肉库的动物产品都有不同程度的沙门氏菌污染。 相似文献
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本研究于2013年1月至2015年10月采集3个鹤类饲养单位81份丹顶鹤样品、37种245份周边环境的其他鸟类样品,3个单位4种昆虫3948只进行圈养丹顶鹤血变原虫的流行调查研究。采用瑞-姬氏涂片染色镜检以及套式PCR检测血孢子虫cytb基因、测序分析比对等方法调查各地丹顶鹤血变原虫的流行情况。丹顶鹤样品中共检出血变原虫进化支2种,检出率为19.75%,其他鸟类样品的检出率为0.41%,吸血昆虫样品的检出率为1.05%;扎龙、向海的丹顶鹤和环境吸血昆虫、北京的鹈鹕感染同一个血变原虫进化支,并且该进化支是各类动物中检出率最高的血变原虫进化支。 相似文献
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目前关于规模化驴场主要病原的流行数据极为有限。为了解山东省驴养殖密集区的主要病原流行情况,2019—2021年,从聊城、德州、滨州等地的9个规模化驴场（繁育母驴100头以上）,无菌采集表现不同临床症状病死驴（驹）的心、肝、脾、肺、肠、肾等不同脏器病料共计742份,采用PCR与病原分离方法进行常见马属动物病原检测;采集296份临床健康驴血液样品,采用虎红平板凝集试验进行布鲁氏菌感染抗体检测。结果显示：在腹泻症状样品中,大肠杆菌检出率最高,为48.89%（132/270）;在肺炎症状样品中,大肠杆菌检出率为24.10%（80/332）,肺炎克雷伯氏菌检出率为29.82%（99/332）,马链球菌检出率为22.29%（74/332）;在流产症状样品中,沙门氏菌检出率最高,为44.29%（62/140）;在临床健康驴血液样品中,未检出布鲁氏菌感染抗体。结果表明,导致规模驴场发生腹泻、肺炎和流产的主要是条件性致病菌,其中导致腹泻的主要是大肠杆菌,肺炎的主要是大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和马链球菌,流产的主要是沙门氏菌。因此,规模化驴场应通过加强饲养管理,提高养殖圈舍卫生水平,科学使用抗生素等措施,控制细菌性疫病流行。 相似文献
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<正>近些年来,我国水产养殖业一直保持持续、稳定的发展态势。在水产养殖业快速发展的同时,水产动物因各种病害造成的损失也处于上升的趋势。2006年对全国水产养殖动物病害检测的结果显示,在人工养殖的80种左右的水产养殖动物中约发生了180种疾病,全国30%以上的水产养殖面积受到各种病害的严重侵扰,由病害造成的直接经济损失达140亿元以上。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2017,(5)
为了解云南省会泽县黄牛寄生虫感染情况,对规模化养殖场、合作社和散养户等饲养的黄牛采样,共随机采集了新鲜牛粪样70份,通过漂浮法和沉淀法检查寄生虫,结果显示,规模化牛场10份样品中,4份检出线虫卵,检出率40.0%,3份检出吸虫卵,检出率30.0%,相同样品检出线虫卵;合作社27份样品中,20份检出线虫卵,检出率74.1%,14份检出吸虫卵,检出率51.9%,9份样品同时检出2类虫卵;在散养户4家共33份样品中,27份检出线虫卵,检出率81.8%,16份检出吸虫卵,检出率48.5%,14份同时检出2类虫卵。表明会泽县黄牛寄生虫卵检出率较高,线虫卵和吸虫卵分别为72.9%和47.1%,其中规模化牛场虫卵检出率较低,散养户最高。建议采取重视寄生虫病的监测和诊断等各种综合防控措施。 相似文献
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《现代畜牧兽医》2021,(5)
为了解湖南省长沙市芙蓉区宠物犬的犬瘟热流行及治疗情况,试验采用GICA、ELISA两种检测方法对该地区5家动物医院走访调查、采样收集的206只宠物犬的412份样品(血液样品206份、鼻黏液样品206份)进行检测和数据分析。结果显示,使用GICA检测法检测鼻黏液样品的犬瘟热检出率为46.60%,血液样品的犬瘟热检出率为48.54%;使用ELISA检测法检测鼻黏液样品的犬瘟热检出率为49.51%,血液样品的犬瘟热检出率为54.36%。206只宠物犬犬瘟热检出率为54.36%,治愈率为74.11%,死亡率为25.89%。肺炎型检出率为33.93%,消化道型检出率为48.21%,神经型检出率为7.14%,皮肤型检出率为10.71%。结果表明,湖南省长沙市芙蓉区宠物犬犬瘟热的病发率在46.60%～54.36%之间。 相似文献
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2012—2013年我国部分地区猪伪狂犬病流行病学调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
[目的]了解我国主要生猪养殖地区猪群中猪伪狂犬病毒感染情况。[方法]分别采用PCR和gE-ELISA检测方法,对2012-2013年采集/送检的1127份发病猪群组织样品、14801份猪血清样品进行了病原学、血清学检测。[结果]检出PRV野毒感染病原学样品98份,总体检出率8.69%,猪场的PCR检出率为22.49%;共检测14801份血清样品,野毒感染抗体阳性样品2388份,总体阳性率为16.13%,场的阳性率为44.02%。对检测数据进行分类统计,发现华东、华中等生猪主产区猪群中均存在不同程度的PRV野毒感染,感染率呈逐年上升趋势;分析不同日龄猪群的野毒感染抗体检测数据,发现种猪的感染率较高,其次是哺乳仔猪、育肥猪。[结论]猪伪狂犬病在我国主要生猪养殖地区仍不同程度存在,提示应进一步提升猪伪狂犬病的免疫预防水平,定期进行病原学、血清学检测,做好综合防治工作。 相似文献
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对北海近岸养殖海域的3种弧菌(Vibrio)进行了分离鉴定,并对鉴定的弧菌进行耐药性分析。通过从北海近岸养殖海域随机采集水样,利用TCBS培养基对所采水样进行弧菌的分离和纯化,采用PCR方法和序列分析对弧菌进行鉴定,并对鉴定出的3种弧菌进行了常用抗菌药物耐药性的检测。共分离获得67株疑似弧菌菌株,经鉴定,19株为副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus),4株为霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera),4株为河流弧菌(Vibrio fluvialis)。耐药性分析研究表明,19株副溶血性弧菌总体显示对10种常用抗菌药物具有耐药性,其中100%的菌株对四环素、卡那霉素和红霉素表现耐药,94.7%的菌株对氨苄西林耐药、84.1%的菌株对左氧氟沙星和78.9%的菌株对环丙沙星耐药;4株霍乱弧菌和4株河流弧菌对10种抗菌药物的耐药性均较强,但敏感度低,两者对复方新诺明均表现为中介敏感。本研究提示,北海近岸养殖海域中弧菌种类较多,其中以副溶血性弧菌为主,大多对常用抗菌药物具有耐药性,对北海近岸海水养殖疾病防治具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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针对霍乱弧菌肠毒素和肠出血性大肠杆菌志贺毒素基因（ctx、stx1和stx2）设计引物,扩增大小不同的特异性片段,优化反应条件,建立多重PCR方法,对人工污染的水样品进行模拟检测。结果显示,多重PCR扩增系统针对目的菌具有高度的特异性。敏感性试验证实,当多重PCR反应体系中模板含量在10CFU时仍能检出。模拟水样品多重PCR检测的敏感性试验证明,人工污染的河水直接集菌检测敏感性为100～1 000CFU/mL,增菌培养后多重PCR检测敏感性可达1CFU/mL。本试验于同一PCR体系检测霍乱弧菌和肠出血性大肠杆菌的毒素基因,可用于这2种致腹泻性病原菌的快速检测。 相似文献
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南美白对虾白便综合征病原霍乱弧菌的分离与药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定南美白对虾白便综合征的病原菌及其药物敏感性,采用传统方法从患白便综合征的南美白对虾肝胰腺中分离到病原菌菌株BB31,结合API 20E革兰阴性菌鉴定系统、16SrDNA序列及聚类分析对菌株BB31进行了鉴定,并通过纸片琼脂扩散法对菌株BB31的药物敏感性进行了测定。结果表明,菌株BB31为霍乱弧菌(GenBank登录号:KF446244),其16SrDNA序列与GenBank数据库中弧菌菌株的16S rDNA序列有99%~100%的同源性,而且与霍乱弧菌菌株RD1(GenBank登录号:KF307775)的亲缘性最近。菌株BB31对四环素、庆大霉素、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星等抗生素的敏感性高,对磺胺甲氧嘧啶、呋喃唑酮、复方新诺明等抗生素不敏感。本研究证实霍乱弧菌是南美白对虾白便综合征的病原菌,庆大霉素、诺氟沙星等常规渔药可作为防控霍乱弧菌引起的南美白对虾白便综合征的用药参考。 相似文献
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Dumontet S Krovacek K Svenson SB Pasquale V Baloda SB Figliuolo G 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2000,23(1):53-72
A survey was undertaken to examine sea water and sediment for the presence of Vibrio and Aeromonas spp. along approximately 900 km of coast in Southern Italy during early and late summer. A quantitative analysis was also done to evaluate the water fecal contamination at the stations examined. The results indicate that all the investigated areas were submitted to a wide spatial fluctuation of fecal contamination and that Vibrio and Aeromonas spp. were present in both high and low fecal-contaminated stations. Sixty two percent of the investigated samples were positive for Aeromonas spp., while 42% of samples were positive for Vibrio spp. It was interesting to note that 38% of the positive stations for both Aeromonas and Vibrio spp. showed a fecal coliform contamination of water at < 10(2) cells 100 ml(-1). Thus, these findings support the hypothesis that the bacterial indicators (such as fecal coliforms) do not always satisfactorily reflect the hygienic quality of water. The presence of Vibrionaceae on copepods was also investigated. Copepods were sampled at a station located inside the harbour of the city of Naples and were found contaminated by V. cholerae non-O1, V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis and A. caviae. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated bacteria showed the presence of a number of resistant strains among the isolates. In order to discriminate the isolates on the basis of their biochemical profiles and/or antibiotic resistance patterns, cluster analysis was carried out which showed that no unique assay could fully discern these isolates. However, the best discrimination resulted from complete pattern profile based on both biochemical profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns. 相似文献
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Sorroza L Padilla D Acosta F Román L Grasso V Vega J Real F 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,155(2-4):369-373
Aquaculture is one of the main sources of income in many countries worldwide. Intensive farms are often affected by different infectious diseases that can decrease their final production. To control this situation, several antibiotics are frequently used with known environmental consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze different bacterial strains isolated from of gilthead sea bream, sea bass, sole and meagre guts, for use as probiotics in aquaculture. The strains were evaluated in vitro through various mechanisms of selection, such as the production of antagonistic effects against pathogens, production of antibacterial substance, adhesion to the intestinal mucus, competition for nutrients or binding site, and growth in intestinal mucus. A total of 50 bacterial strains were analyzed and only one showed excellent in vitro results for consideration as a candidate to be analyzed in vivo. The strain, identified as Vagococcus fluvialis, showed good protection against Vibrio anguillarum 975-1 in vivo in the experimental challenge, showing a relative percent survival of 42.3% higher than positive control group. Therefore, in conclusion we consider this strain to be a good candidate for use as a future probiotic in aquaculture. 相似文献
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A case of enterotoxicosis in a goat at necropsy is described. The animal had died without clinical signs. Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae non-O:1 was isolated from the intestines. This species has not been reported earlier from healthy or diseased farm animals, such as goats, in the Netherlands. 相似文献
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为探明引起贵州省某鸭场雏鸭发病的病原及其致病性和耐药情况，本研究对该鸭场送的疑似细菌感染病鸭进行剖检，取鼻黏膜、心脏和肝脏等组织器官接种于培养基中进行细菌分离鉴定，通过对分离菌进行药敏试验、动物回归试验和毒力基因检测研究其耐药情况和致病性。结果显示，分离菌在血琼脂培养基上生长16 h后呈现为边缘整齐、有光泽的乳白色菌落，伴有β-溶血现象，经革兰氏染色后在生物显微镜下呈两端钝圆、弧状、排列无规则的革兰氏阴性短小杆菌，与霍乱弧菌相符；16S rDNA基因序列同源性及系统进化树显示，该分离菌与霍乱弧菌同源性高达99.6%~99.7%聚为一支；药敏试验结果显示，分离菌对大部分药物都表现为耐药，其中对氨苄西林、克林霉素、复方新诺明、苯唑西林和克林霉素等抗菌药耐药性较强，对头孢哌酮和头孢曲松敏感；动物回归试验显示，分离菌可导致试验组雏鸭5 d内全部发病死亡，表明该分离菌对雏鸭具有较强的致病性；毒力基因PCR检测结果显示，检测的霍乱弧菌相关毒力基因hlyA、ompW和chxA为阳性，而检测的O1群rfb、O139群rfb、tcpA及ctxA基因为阴性，表明本次分离的霍乱弧菌携带有致病基因，但不属于O1和O139血清群。结果表明，该鸭场雏鸭发病的疫情病原为非O1/O139血清群霍乱弧菌，该菌致病性强且对多种抗菌药物耐药。本试验结果为贵州省鸭霍乱弧菌病的防控提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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Jamie M Bush Doreene R Hyatt Denise Bolte Karamjeet Pandher 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(6):594-596
A 700-pound, 9-month-old Angus heifer from a feedlot presented with acute neurologic signs, characterized by circling, posterior weakness, and nonresponsiveness, followed by death. Histologically, the frontal lobe and the thalamus contained multiple foci of liquefaction that contained numerous degenerative neutrophils and foamy macrophages. Some of these foci were centered on blood vessels that contained fibrin thrombi and exhibited varying degrees of fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall. There was adjacent axonal degeneration and neuronal necrosis characterized by pronounced cytoplasmic eosinophilia, peripheralization of the nuclei, and loss of Nissl substance. Aerobic culture of the brain yielded moderate growth of Vibrio species, which was determined to be Vibrio cholerae by polymerase chain reaction analysis of a 438-base pair fragment of the 16 S ribosomal RNA gene. V. cholerae are motile, gram-negative, curved rod-shaped bacteria. Some strains of V. cholerae are important food- and water-borne bacterial pathogens that produce an often fatal diarrhea in humans. This is the first known case report of V. cholerae meningoencephalitis and cerebral abscessation in a bovine. 相似文献
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The P fimbriae F11 and F165 that have been demonstrated on Escherichia coli septicaemic strains in poultry and calves, respectively, possess a nearly identical major subunit that demonstrates a serological cross-reaction. A polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA (sELISA) that was specific for both F11 and F165 fimbriated strains was compared with a PCR method to detect F11/F165 fimbriated strains, in a collection of E. coli strains isolated from diseased animals. Of 298 isolates tested, 36 were positive by PCR of which only 14 were sELISA positive. There were no sELISA positive but PCR negative results. The 36 PCR positive isolates comprised 11 avian strains of which 10 were sELISA positive, 20 bovine strains of which 4 were sELISA positive and 3 ovine strains, 1 porcine strain and 1 equine strain all of which were sELISA negative. The F11/F165 incidence of 10.7% in 103 poultry and 18.3% in 109 bovine isolates demonstrates a moderate level of these factors in E. coli septicaemic cases in Northern Ireland. 相似文献