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不同类型免疫佐剂的作用比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
“免疫剂”(Immunoadjuvant)是一种能与特异性抗原结合 ,能比疫苗单独使用时产生更强的免疫应答的物质。免疫佐剂通常是指与抗原物质同时注射或预先注射后 ,能非特异地增强或改善动物机体对抗原物质免疫应答的物质。1 抗原传递系统佐剂1.1 弗氏佐剂 弗氏佐剂 (Freund′s Adju-vant,FA)分为弗氏完全佐剂 (FCA)和弗氏不完全佐剂 (FIA)。FCA是标准的诱生体液和细胞免疫佐剂 ,可诱导 Th1型细胞因子 ;FIA则是典型的只诱导 Th2型细胞因子 ,诱生抗体的佐剂。除少数兽用疫苗使用 FIA(如口蹄疫疫苗 )外 ,很少用于动物免疫。FCA的副作用 … 相似文献
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目的:研究复合多糖佐剂对猪O型口蹄疫(FMDV)灭活抗原的佐剂效应。方法:以对猪O型FMDV灭活抗原具有佐剂效应的黄芪多糖(APS)、人参多糖(GPS)、木蟞子多糖(HPS)、茯苓多糖(LBPS)和云芝多糖(YPS)等五种多糖为佐剂成分,以各多糖的最佳佐剂剂量复合成多糖佐剂配方(CPS),以市售油佐剂为阳性对照,PBS为阴性对照,与FMDV灭活抗原配制成疫苗并免疫猪后,测定比较血清中FMDV灭活抗原诱导特异性抗体水平和不同佐剂诱导分泌IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ的变化。结果:CPS佐剂组在一免疫后抗体效价高于阴性对照组,与其他阳性对照组无显著差异,在二免疫后抗体效价高于ISA206油佐剂组,与其他阳性对照无显著差异,且抗体水平显著高于阴性对照组。二免后血清中三种细胞因子含量均高于其他试验组。结论:CPS作为佐剂,能显著提高抗体水平(GMT值),同时促进Th1和Th2型免疫应答,CPS作为新型佐剂具有应用价值。 相似文献
3.
Toll样或非Toll样配体佐剂研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有效的疫苗含有可活化天然免疫系统的佐剂组分,从而激发抗原特异性的免疫应答.Toll样受体(toll-like receptors,TLR)是一种重要的天然识别受体,大多数疫苗佐剂都是TLR配体.少数佐剂通过其他的识别受体和信号通路,以TLR非依赖性的方式来活化天然免疫系统.非Toll样配体佐剂的作用靶点主要是近来发现的NOD样受体(Nod-like receptor,NLR)、RIG(retinoic-acid-inducible gene)样受体(RIG-like receptors,RLR)等胞内天然免疫受体.文章对Toll样或非Toll样配体作为疫苗佐剂的研究进行了综述. 相似文献
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佐剂是先于抗原或同时注射于动物体内,能非特异性地改变或增强机体对抗原的特异性免疫应答的物质,也称免疫增强剂。佐剂的种类繁多,其增强机体免疫应答的机理各不相同,可以导致注射部位的局灶形成;可以帮助抗原到达特异的靶免疫细胞器官,可作为免疫增强剂等。现就近年来对各种佐剂的研究情况作一综述。一、矿物质矿物质佐剂是传统佐剂中的一类,包括氢氧化铝胶和磷酸铝等,一直广泛用于人用和兽用疫苗的制备。主要诱导体液免疫应答,抗体以IgG1类为主,刺激产生Th2型反应。铝佐剂可刺激机体迅速产生持久的高抗体水平,也比较安全,对于胞外繁殖… 相似文献
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佐剂是增强和调节疫苗抗原免疫反应的免疫刺激物,与抗原一起使用能产生更强的免疫反应。佐剂能激活机体的天然免疫系统,当佐剂和抗原同时或预先注射到机体内,可改变抗原的形态并延长抗原在体内的滞留时间,促进单核吞噬细胞对抗原的递呈能力及刺激淋巴细胞增殖分化,从而增强机体对抗原的免疫应答或改变免疫应答类型。佐剂的发展史长达一百多年,目前使用最广泛的疫苗佐剂是铝佐剂,传统的灭活疫苗在很大程度上依靠以铝盐为主的复合物作为主要佐剂。但近年来,随着基因工程技术和生物技术的飞速发展,重组疫苗、基因工程载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等新型疫苗逐步被开发出来,这些新型疫苗与传统疫苗相比往往存在免疫应答能力差等问题,早期的抗原不纯导致传统的铝盐佐剂已无法满足需要。为解决新型疫苗免疫原性差的问题,科研人员致力于开发广谱且高效的新型疫苗佐剂用来增强新型疫苗的作用。新型疫苗佐剂种类繁多,功能各不相同且机制较为复杂,可分为新型油乳佐剂、脂质体佐剂、CpG寡核苷酸佐剂、细胞因子佐剂、纳米佐剂、多糖佐剂及复合系统类佐剂等。笔者对疫苗佐剂的发展史、作用机制及新型疫苗佐剂的分类进行分析和评述,以期为新型疫苗佐剂的研制及开发提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2017,(1)
本试验初次建立了CpG ODN联合重组乳酸乳球菌滴鼻免疫BALB/c小鼠模型。结果得出CpG ODN佐剂协同重组菌抗原组血清中抗PRRSV特异性抗体IgG和呼吸道黏膜抗体s-Ig A均高于单独重组菌组(P>0.05)和单独佐剂组(P<0.01),佐剂CpG ODN协同重组菌抗原组的Th1型细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ及黏膜淋巴因子IL-5的活性高于单独抗原组(P>0.05)及单独佐剂组(P<0.01)。试验结果说明CpG ODN作为佐剂与重组菌鼻腔免疫小鼠后,可以提高重组菌诱导的黏膜免疫反应和Th1细胞参与的系统免疫反应,为研究安全有效的重组菌黏膜疫苗奠定了基础。 相似文献
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用改进水提醇沉法提取银杏叶多糖。用灭活的传染性法氏囊超强毒(vvIBDV)GX8/99细胞适应株分别制备不同质量浓度(40,20,10 g/L)银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗、弗氏不完全佐剂疫苗和无佐剂疫苗。360只SPF公雏鸡随机均分为6组,其中5组SPF鸡分别免疫上述5种疫苗,另外1组SPF鸡不免疫作为阴性对照。检测IL-2和IFN-γ分泌量、血清抗体、外周血淋巴细胞转化率、外周血CD4^+和CD8^+T淋巴细胞数量等用来评价疫苗的免疫效果。38日龄进行攻毒试验,评价疫苗的保护效果。结果显示,银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组各免疫指标均显著高于弗氏佐剂和无佐剂疫苗组(P<0.05);40 g/L银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组免疫效果最好,但与20 g/L银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组差异不明显,并且2组攻毒保护率无显著性差异。结果表明,银杏叶多糖作为vvIBDV疫苗佐剂具有良好的免疫促进作用,且20 g/L的银杏叶多糖即可达到最佳效果。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2019,(6):1135-1139
选用1种递送载体与4种免疫刺激增强剂混合,与赛卡病毒DNA疫苗pVAX-ZikaME联合免疫BALB/c小鼠,观察新型佐剂对DNA疫苗抗原的免疫应答能力。首先构建表达ZikaME蛋白的DNA疫苗,然后将重组质粒转染至HEK293细胞,采用Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达。用配制的佐剂与重组的DNA疫苗联合免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过细胞亚群检测、淋巴细胞增殖试验和特异性抗体检测验证新型佐剂的增强免疫效果。结果显示,Western blot检测所构建的DNA疫苗表达68 000目的蛋白。用重组疫苗辅以佐剂免疫小鼠,免疫35 d时淋巴细胞增殖刺激组刺激指数、细胞亚群分化、特异性抗体水平均高于对照PBS组(P0.05)。结果表明,DNA疫苗pVAX-ZikaME辅以新型佐剂免疫小鼠可增强机体对该疫苗的免疫应答能力。 相似文献
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Sánchez Ramos O González Pose A Gómez-Puerta S Noda Gomez J Vega Redondo A Águila Benites JC Suárez Amarán L Parra NC Toledo Alonso JR 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(3):259-265
Recombinant adenoviral vectors have emerged as an attractive system for veterinary vaccines development. However, for poultry vaccination a very important criterion for an ideal vaccine is its low cost. The objective of this study was to test the ability of chicken CD154 to enhance the immunogenicity of an adenoviral vector-based vaccine against avian influenza virus in order to reduce the amount of antigen required to induce an effective immune response in avian. Chickens were vaccinated with three different doses of adenoviral vectors encoding either HA (AdHA), or HA fused to extracellular domain chicken's CD154 (AdHACD). Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and relative quantification of IFN-γ showed that the adenoviral vector encoding for the chimeric antigen is able to elicit an improved humoral and cellular immune response, which demonstrated that CD154 can be used as a molecular adjuvant allowing to reduce in about 50-fold the amount of adenoviral vector vaccine required to induce an effective immune response. 相似文献
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Danyang Wang Yu Yang Jinyu Li Bin Wang Ailian Zhang 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2021,22(3)
BackgroundNew-generation adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines can improve the efficacy of existing vaccines. Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide possesses better promoting effects.ObjectivesIn this study, the aqueous extract from Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR), an immunoregulatory crude polysaccharide, was utilized as the adjuvant of inactivated FMDV vaccine to explore their immune regulation roles.MethodsThe mice in each group were subcutaneously injected with different vaccine formulations containing inactivated FMDV antigen adjuvanted with three doses (low, medium, and high) of AEAR or AEAR with ISA-206 adjuvant for 2 times respectively in 1 and 14 days. The variations of antibody level, lymphocyte count, and cytokine secretion in 14 to 42 days after first vaccination were monitored. Then cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and antibody duration were measured after the second vaccination.ResultsAEAR significantly induced FMDV-specific antibody titers and lymphocyte activation. AEAR at a medium dose stimulated Th1/Th2-type response through interleukin-4 and interferon-γ secreted by CD4+ T cells. Effective T lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated by AEAR. Importantly, the efficient CTL response was remarkably provoked by AEAR. Furthermore, AEAR at a low dose and ISA-206 adjuvant also synergistically promoted immune responses more significantly in immunized mice than those injected with only ISA-206 adjuvant and the stable antibody duration without body weight loss was 6 months.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that AEAR had potential utility as a polysaccharide adjuvant for FMDV vaccines. 相似文献
13.
Dar A Lai K Dent D Potter A Gerdts V Babiuk LA Mutwiri GK 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,146(3-4):289-295
The selection of an optimal adjuvant to enhance the potency and longevity of antigen specific immune responses has always been imperative for the development of more effective and safer vaccines. A balanced type of immune enhancing ability of a new adjuvant known as polyphosphazene (PCEP) has been demonstrated in mice. In the present study we have compared the humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccine formulations containing Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae outer membrane antigen (OmlA) with PCEP or Emulsigen as adjuvants. Our data showed a significant improvement and a shift toward more balanced immune responses when OmlA antigen was formulated with PCEP and CpG ODN. Moreover, in contrast to Emulsigen, immunization with PCEP did not result in local injection site reactions highlighting its potential as a safe and effective adjuvant for pigs. Further, the ease of formulation, administration and relatively low per dose cost of PCEP make it a promising adjuvant for pigs. 相似文献
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Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, including Fucus vesiculosus. This compound is known to have immunostimulatory effects on various types of immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. A recent study described the application of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant. Vaccination is regarded as the most efficient prophylactic method for preventing harmful or epidemic diseases. To increase vaccine efficacy, effective adjuvants are needed. In the present study, we determined whether fucoidan can function as an adjuvant using vaccine antigens. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that fucoidan increases the expression of the activation markers major histocompatibility complex class II, cluster of differentiation (CD)25, and CD69 in spleen cells. In combination with Bordetella bronchiseptica antigen, fucoidan increased the viability and tumor necrosis factor-α production of spleen cells. Furthermore, fucoidan increased the in vivo production of antigen-specific antibodies in mice inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen. Overall, this study has provided valuable information about the use of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant. 相似文献
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中药多糖有安全、无副作用及显著的免疫刺激效应的特点,是理想的免疫调节剂。目前对中药多糖免疫调节作用的研究多集中在抗体水平、器官指数等免疫指标的影响,为了揭示中药多糖的免疫调节机制,需进一步研究中药多糖对巨噬细胞及树突状细胞的免疫调节作用,尤其是对相关信号通路的影响。研究表明,中药多糖可通过Toll样受体、蛋白激酶C(PKC)、甘露糖受体(MR)等多种信号通路激活、诱导巨噬细胞及树突状细胞的成熟,减少树突状细胞的内吞作用,增强巨噬细胞吞噬能力及T细胞增殖力,促进细胞因子的释放等多种作用对机体进行免疫调节。主要从机体在正常情况、LPS诱导的炎症条件下中药多糖对巨噬细胞及树突状细胞的免疫调节作用,及不同的化学修饰后的中药多糖免疫调节作用的改变进行综述。 相似文献
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为了系统评价黄芪多糖对猪瘟疫苗免疫效果的影响,通过检索数据库资料,纳入有关黄芪多糖对猪瘟疫苗免疫效果影响的随机对照试验(共纳入11个对照试验,样本量为244头猪),利用Cochrane Reviewer′s Handbook 5.0评价标准对试验质量进行评价,并使用Revman 5.3进行统计分析。结果显示:黄芪多糖可显著提高血液中的猪瘟抗体水平,同时提高其血液中的IL-2含量,优于单纯免疫组。表明黄芪多糖可通过提高机体的体液免疫和细胞因子水平来增强猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果,效果确切,值得推广应用。 相似文献
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复方中药成分对新城疫疫苗免疫雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化和血清抗体效价的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
选择4种中药成分（黄芪多糖、淫羊藿多糖、峰胶黄酮、人参皂甙）组成2个复方，各按3个剂量水平与新城疫疫苗混合后免疫雏鸡，以无佐剂苗和油乳苗为对照，分别于免疫后7、14、21、28、35、42d采血，用MTT法和微量血凝法测定T淋巴细胞转化和血清抗体效价的动态变化。结果表明。中药佐剂能显著促进淋巴细胞转化。提高血清抗体效价，多数时间点与油佐剂的效果相当，部分时间点显著强于油佐剂。综合判定方1高剂量和方2中剂量的效果最好。 相似文献
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Deciphering the involvement of innate immune factors in the development of the host response to PRRSV vaccination 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Royaee AR Husmann RJ Dawson HD Calzada-Nova G Schnitzlein WM Zuckermann FA Lunney JK 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,102(3):199-216
The natural response of pigs to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections and vaccinations needs to be altered so that better protection is afforded against both homologous and heterologous challenges by this pathogen. To address this problem, real-time gene expression assays were coupled with cytokine Elispot and protein analyses to assess the nature of the anti-PRRSV response of pigs immunized with modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. Although T helper 1 (Th1) immunity was elicited in all vaccinated animals, as evidenced by the genesis of PRRSV-specific interferon-gamma secreting cells (IFNG SC), the overall extent of the memory response was variable and generally weak. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from these pigs responded to PRRSV exposure with a limited increase in their expression of the Th1 immune markers, IFNG, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-15 (IL15), and a reduction in the quantity of mRNAs encoding the innate and inflammatory proteins, IL1B, IL8 and IFNA. Efforts to enhance Th1 immunity, by utilizing an expression plasmid encoding porcine IFNA (pINA) as an adjuvant, resulted in a temporary increase in the frequency of PRRSV-specific IFNG SC but only minor changes overall in the expression of Th1 associated cytokine or innate immune marker mRNA by virus-stimulated PBMC. Administration of pINA, however, did correlate with decreased IL1B secretion by cultured, unstimulated PBMC but had no effect on their ability to release IFNG. Thus, while exogenous addition of IFNA during PRRSV vaccination has an impact on the development of a Th1 immune response, other alterations will be required for substantial boosting of virus-specific protection. 相似文献
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Schijns VE 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,87(3-4):195-198
The immune system evolved to free the host from invading noxious pathogens. Vaccines are inoculated as a prophylactic measure in order to program the immune system for accelerated recognition and elimination of specific pathogens. During vaccination the immune system is exposed to attenuated or inactivated microorganisms, or their fragments. The immune response to these structures, in contrast to virulent pathogens, is often inadequate for the generation of memory cells or immune effector elements such as antibodies, perforines, granzymes or cytokines. Vaccine adjuvants help to overcome these limited responses. They provide instructive signals for the host immune system by mimicking the conditions associated with virulent infection. Hence, they either enhance and prolong expression of antigen components to reactive T cells in lymph nodes (signal 1) or they increase expression of membrane-bound or soluble costimulatory molecules (signal 2). The enhancement of both signals by vaccine adjuvants is not mutually exclusive. Moreover, adjuvants may encode a third signal instructing the type of immune reaction to be generated. Supported by animations this presentation addresses putative immunological concepts of vaccine adjuvant activity, a phenomenon long been known as "the immunologist's dirty little secret". Insight in the mechanisms that underlie adjuvant-induced immunostimulation and generation of memory cells will facilitate rational vaccine design. 相似文献