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1.
eui基因作为"杂交稻种子生产的第四遗传要素",二十多年来,备受国内外遗传育种学者的关注.最近,关于水稻穗颈伸长基因EUI的定位与克隆、功能鉴定及eui基因在水稻育种中的应用取得了较大的进展.本文概述了长穗颈基因eui的发现、定位与克隆、作用机制及其在水稻育种中的应用. 相似文献
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一个水稻长穗颈突变体eui1(t)的鉴定和基因定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变优良恢复系缙恢10号种子,在其后代获得了一个长穗颈高秆突变体,暂命名为eui1(t)。与诱变亲本相比,倒一节间、倒二节间和穗颈显著伸长,其中,顶节间伸长最为明显。遗传分析表明,该性状受一对隐性核基因控制。利用西农1A/eui(t)的F2群体进行基因定位,初步将eui1(t)基因定位在第5染色体长臂末端,位于SSR分子标记RM3321和RM26内侧,分别相距12.3cM和15.8cM。 相似文献
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水稻长节间基因对GA3敏感性和不育系改良 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
带有长节间基因eui水稻不论在苗期和抽穗期对GA3的敏感性均高于等位的Eui基因，尤其对茎部的第1和第2节间影响较大，属1-2节间伸长型。带有Eui基因则对第2和第3节间伸长影响较大，属2-3节间伸长型。带有eui基因的珍长保持系作为供体，将eui导入野败不育系二九南1号、二九青、V20以及矮败不育系协青早，使其穗伸出长度提高了82 相似文献
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普通小麦品种"南农9918"经甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)诱变获得一个矮秆、多蘖、长穗突变体"NM9",在该突变体中定位到一个新的矮秆突变基因Rht_NM9。内源激素在普通小麦株高建成的过程中发挥重要的调节作用,为了解析Rht_NM9致矮的生理机制,本研究以南农9918及其矮秆突变体NM9为材料,利用酶联免疫吸附分析法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,ELISA)测定了不同生育期各节间内源赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素核苷(ZR)的含量,分析小麦发育关键时期的内源激素含量变化与株高的关系。结果表明,在孕穗期和抽穗期,矮秆突变体NM9中GA、ABA含量均显著高于南农9918,而ZR含量则显著低于南农9918,IAA含量在南农9918和突变体NM9之间无明显差异。此外,突变体NM9各节间中GA/ABA比值显著高于南农9918,而IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA)/ABA、ZR/ABA比值显著低于南农9918。以上结果表明小麦株高受多种激素调控,突变体中内源ABA含量升高,IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA比值降低会抑制植物株高伸长。 相似文献
6.
一种水稻全包穗突变体的发现及初步分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从恢复系T893群体中得到一全包穗突变体,通过鉴定与分析,探讨水稻全包穗性状的遗传基础与生理机制,发掘水稻新的功能基因;对全包穗突变体的农艺特性、遗传基础、幼穗分化Ⅳ-Ⅷ期茎秆激素含量及对赤霉素敏感性进行了初步分析;突变体具有全包穗特性,并表现茎秆节间缩短,植株矮化,每穗颖花数减少,花粉育性部分降低;遗传分析表明突变体包穗性状受1对隐性基因控制;突变体与T893茎秆内源激素含量比较：突变体幼穗分化Ⅵ期、Ⅷ期时的GA4含量较野生型低,ABA含量高,IAA和Z的含量无显著差异;幼穗分化末期突变体对赤霉素反应钝感;初步研究表明,突变体的产生与水稻茎秆内源激素合成及代谢途径变化有关。 相似文献
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桃叶片中相关激素含量与树体矮化和生长的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨相关内源激素含量与桃树树体矮化和生长的相关性,以期为桃树优良短枝型品种的选育和高效矮化密植提供理论依据,以普通型桃-春艳、短枝型桃-超红短枝和极矮化型桃-寿星桃为试材,对其不同生长期叶片中生长素（IAA）、脱落酸(ABA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、赤霉素(GA)的含量与树体矮化和生长的关系进行了研究。结果表明,桃叶片中IAA、GA、CTK、ABA含量以及GA/ABA、IAA/ABA、IAA+GA+CTK/ABA、CTK/GA的比值在不同类型间的差异均达到了极显著水平。IAA、GA的含量以及GA/ABA、IAA/ABA、IAA+GA+CTK/ABA的比值与树体矮化程度呈负相关;CTK的含量与树体矮化程度呈显著负相关;与促进生长的激素相反,ABA含量和CTK/GA比值与树体矮化程度呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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穗发芽对粮食生产造成巨大的经济损失,为研究穗发芽前杂交水稻制种中杂交种子籽粒内源激素含量变化关系。采用HPLC等方法,以2个杂交水稻组合‘Y两优1号’（亲本为Y58S× R9311×）和‘II优416’（ Ⅱ-32A×R416）为材料,在水稻制种过程中进行穗发芽实验。发现组合‘Y两优1’号种子比‘II优416’易于穗发芽。同时测定了两组合在授粉15 ~27 天期间种子内源激素（IAA﹑GA1﹑ZR和ABA）含量的变化,易穗发芽的‘Y两优1号’内源激素ZR﹑IAA和GA1含量高于‘II优416’,ABA含量低于‘II优416’,且‘Y两优1号’籽粒内源GA1/ABA比值在整个过程中均大于‘II优416’。由此可见,杂交水稻制种过程中出现穗发芽现象的最主要原因是穗发芽前期种子内GA1的含量高于ABA且在发生穗发芽时GA1/ABA比值比较大。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献