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1.
Random amplified polymorphic DNAs and atp9‐related sequences were amplified in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and maintainer lines drawn from a backcross programme to represent all five known cytoplasm types in chives. From these PCR amplifications, markers associated with CMS‐inducing cytoplasm types, (S1) and (S2), and for two of the three known normal cytoplasm types, (N2) and (N3), were developed. These newly developed PCR markers were used to determine the cytoplasm types in 126 plants representing 12 German chive varieties. The dependability of these PCR markers was confirmed by analysis with previously described and marker‐trait linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Two to five cytoplasm types were found in each of the 12 German chive varieties investigated. While the (S1) cytoplasm occurred, on average, at a frequency of 5% and the (S2) cytoplasm at 12%, the three normal cytoplasms (N1), (N2) and (N3) were present at 30, 29 and 24%, respectively. Thus, the prospects of finding maintainers for both CMS systems are relatively high in this population, if the frequency of non‐restoring alleles for the nuclear genes involved is also high enough.  相似文献   

2.
以20118A不育系和临保系与22个油菜品种(系)杂交测交后代为材料, 采用经典遗传学和分子标记辅助选择方法, 验证该不育系统遗传控制体系及等位基因分布频率; 探索利用连锁共显性标记筛选两型系和临保系基因型的高效性和准确率。研究表明, 6个品种(系)与20118A测交产生的F2世代, 所有组合可育株∶不育株均符合3∶1或13∶3分离规律, 而与20118A-TAM杂交产生的6个F2中1个呈13∶3分离, 其余均为全可育, 育性符合1对隐性不育基因和1对隐性上位抑制基因互作控制的遗传模式; 进而采取反向验证方法, 从1 059个F2分离单株中, 用新发展的Bnms3/Bnrf连锁共显性标记跟踪选择, 直接获得临保系(ms3ms3rfrf)、纯合不育株(ms3ms3RfRf)和两型系可育株(Ms3ms3RfRf) 70、69和135株, 经测交或互交验证, 准确率均达95%以上; 根据20个测交品种的后代分离, BnRf位点上只出现Rf和rf两个等位基因, 推测第3个等位基因存在的频率很低, 基本可以根据两基因各2等位基因互作原理开展分子标记辅助育种。  相似文献   

3.
Inter‐population hybrids of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., have a substantial grain yield advantage over open‐pollinated varieties that makes them an appropriate and economically viable proposition for many African agricultural situations, provided that stable male‐sterile populations can be developed for use as seed parents. The objective of this research was to examine the feasibility of breeding stable male‐sterile populations, using the d2 dwarf version of Nigerian Composite NCD2 and the A4 cytoplasmic‐nuclear male sterility system as a test case. Results showed that two cycles of recurrent selection for sterility maintenance ability led to the development of a fully effective maintainer version of NCD2. There was no significant difference between the original C0 cycle bulk and the C3 cycle bulk (developed from the third and final cycle of recurrent selection) for grain yield and other agronomic traits. The male‐sterile population at the third backcross stage, developed from the maintainer version of NCD2, had as high a level of stable male sterility as the A1 system commercial inbred male‐sterile line 841A1. Thus, it is concluded that with the use of the A4 cytoplasmic male‐sterile system, it would be possible rapidly to develop a maintainer version of any population without detrimental effects on grain yield and agronomic traits. Male sterility of populations developed from these maintainers will be highly stable, paving the way for their effective utilization as seed parents in breeding inter‐population hybrids.  相似文献   

4.
The PPR‐B gene is responsible for male‐fertility restoration of the Ogura‐type male‐sterile radish plants, and it is located in the complex Rfo locus in the vicinity of similar PPR‐A gene and PPR‐C pseudogene. The aim of this study was to identify PPR‐B alleles and understand the structure of the Rfo locus in radish breeding lines. Five lines of radish with normal male‐fertile cytoplasm were tested. The entire PPR‐B gene was amplified, sequenced and allelic PPR‐B sequences were identified. The results indicated that the maintainer lines 7, 15 and 21 contained a non‐restoring form of PPR‐B protein. A unique PPR‐B was found in lines 24/15 and 31 that are restorer and maintainer lines, respectively. The substitutions might be responsible for the loss of a restoring function of the PPR‐B‐31 allele. Amplification of the PPR‐A/PPR‐B and PPR‐B/PPR‐C intergenic regions allowed to identify rearrangements within Rfo locus. Obtained results confirm the wide allelic variation within the Rfo locus, as well as high genetic complexity of the fertility restoration mechanism in radish.  相似文献   

5.
Identification of new parental lines is crucial for developing ecology‐specific hybrids with ideal agronomic performance. We screened a total of 570 different ecology‐specific Indian rice varieties for the presence of fertility restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4 using tightly linked markers DRRM Rf3‐10 and RM6100, respectively. Among these varieties, 13% carried Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4, 31% carried rf3rf3/rf4rf4, 6% carried Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 and remaining 50% carried Rf4Rf4/rf3rf3 allelic combinations. A mini set of 40 varieties with variable allelic combinations of fertility restorer genes were testcrossed with WA and Kalinga‐based CMS lines. All the 80 F1s were evaluated for spikelet fertility and fertility restoration ability. Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 genotypes mostly behaved as partial maintainers or partial restorers. In contrast, rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4 genotypes were partial or effective restorers. However, double dominant genotypes showed better fertility restoration than the genotypes containing Rf3 or Rf4 individually. Some of the genotypes showed unexpected restoration pattern implying occurrence of other fertility restorer(s) apart from Rf3 and Rf4. The perfect restorers and maintainers identified in this study can be directly used in hybrid rice breeding.  相似文献   

6.
Eighteen genotypes of Brassica napus were crossed to a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of B. napus BO 15 carrying B. tournefortii cytoplasm (‘tour’ cytoplasm). Fourteen genotypes were found to be stable maintainers of the ‘tour’ CMS. Of the remaining four genotypes, GSL-1 and ‘Asahi-natane’ were found to be heterozygous and ‘Mangun’ and ‘Yudal’ were homozygous for the restorer gene. Analysis of the F1 and F2 progenies of (CMS) BO 15 בMangun’ and (CMS) BO 15 בYudal’ showed that fertility restoration is controlled by a single dominant gene. The availability of a number of stable maintainer lines and the simple inheritance pattern of fertility restorer gene makes ‘tour’ CMS a useful system for hybrid seed production in rapeseed.  相似文献   

7.
Onion is one of the major vegetable crops in terms of production as well as consumption. In the current research, available onion genetic stock was evaluated to identify male-sterile lines and produce high-yielding F1 hybrids for future breeding programmes. A mitochondrial DNA-based marker was mapped and correlated with phenotypic traits to isolate male-sterile plants. Based on the floral and pollen structure, nine putative male-sterile lines were identified. On the other hand, for nuclear marker identification at Ms locus, two sets of primers were used, one for Ms dominant allele and another for sterile and maintainer plants. Results revealed that 70% of open pollinated varieties (OPVs) possess plants with sterile cytoplasm coupled with genetic sterility at Ms locus, called sterile “A” line. Approximately 20% of plants in some genotypes were identified with normal (N) cytoplasm having recessive fertility gene at Ms locus, called maintainer “B” line. Based on the present findings, “A”, “B” and “R” (restorer line), future F1 hybrid seed production systems in onion is discussed.  相似文献   

8.
A germplasm collection of 152 diverse rapeseed accessions from Canada, China, France, India, Poland and South Korea was assayed for identifying new fertility restorers and sterility maintainers for a Tournefortii (tour) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in rape‐seed. Only 16 (10.5%) genotypes showed complete fertility restoration following hybridization with tour CMS line NE 409A. Notable among these were GSL 8851, GSL 8953, Mokpo # 9, Mali, Buk‐wuk‐13, Kuju‐27 and Mokpo # 84. As many as 78 (51.3%) genotypes were perfect maintainers of sterility, the remaining 58 (38.2%) genotypes were classified as partial maintainers. To study the inheritance of fertility restoration, 20 CMS (tour) rapeseed lines were crossed with the four best fertility restorers, namely GSL 8851, GSL 8953, Kuju‐27 and Mokpo # 9, to obtain F2 and test cross populations. Segregation data indicated that fertility restoration for tour CMS was governed by two genes, of which, one is stronger than the other (χ212:3:1). Differences in gene interactions were also observed (χ29:3:4) which could be explained on the basis of influence of female parent genotypes/or modified expression of the restorer gene(s) in different genetic backgrounds. Tests of allelism indicated that the restorer genes present in the four restorers evaluated were allelic.  相似文献   

9.
X. L. Li    L. K. Liu    N. Hou    G. Q. Liu  C. G. Liu 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(4):413-415
‘Yi 4060’ is an elite restorer line of a non‐photoperiod‐sensitive D2‐type cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) line of wheat. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were employed to map one major fertility‐restoring gene (D2Rf1) in ‘Yi 4060′. The sterile and fertile DNA pools were established from individuals in BC6, based on bulked segregant analysis. One RAPD marker E09, linked to D2Rf1, was converted to a SCAR marker and designated as E09‐SCAR865. The genetic distance between E09‐SCAR865 and D2Rf1 is 9.5 cM. Two SSR markers, Xgwm11 and Xgwm18, were also linked to a D2Rf1 and co‐segregated with E09‐SCAR865. The three molecular markers are useful in marker‐assisted breeding of the elite restorer lines for D2 ‐type CMS lines in wheat.  相似文献   

10.
A new cytoplasmic and two genic male sterilities in chives are compared with male‐fertile counterparts for anther development and microsporogenesis. The genic male sterilities (wi and st1) fail to produce viable pollen, since microsporogenesis is stopped around the stage of tetrads. Compared with a previously described cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS1, which also shows alterations during this stage, wi‐ and st1‐sterile plants fail to produce pollen walls. The last two male sterilities are very similar in development but can be distinguished by the missing breakdown of callose in st1‐sterile plants. In contrast to the sterilities described above, the second cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS2, is caused by functional damages to sporophytic tissues, such as no degeneration of mesothecium cells and no thickening of the endothecial cell walls. These alterations prevent the release of pollen, although they are normally developed.  相似文献   

11.
Twenty‐seven improved aromatic lines of germplasm and 18 non‐aromatic disease‐resistant genotypes of rice were test‐crossed with four cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines (IR 58025A, IR 62829A, PMS 3A and PMS 10A). Thirteen aromatic and 10 non‐aromatic genotypes were selected based on pollen fertility, and crosses were repeated to confirm sterility‐maintaining and fertility‐restoring ability. Genotypes were categorized as effective restorers (> 80% spikelet fertility), partial restorers (21‐79% spikelet fertility) and maintainers (< 1% spikelet fertility). The effective basmati restorers identified were Basmati 385, Chandan, P1031‐8‐5‐1, HKR 241‐IET‐12020, SAF Khalsa 7 and Karnal Local. The basmati maintainers identified were Basmati 370, Pusa basmati 1, P615‐K‐167‐13 and P1173‐4‐1. The frequency of restorers obtained was higher for the non‐aromatic than the aromatic basmati type. The performance of restorers varied with cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) line, location and season of testing. The differential ability to restore fertility in the CMS lines that have the wild abortive (WA) cytosterile system could result from different nuclear backgrounds of the CMS lines. These restorers and maintainers possess acceptable grain dimensions, a desirable degree of aroma, volume expansion through linear kernel elongation and cooking quality characteristics of basmati rice. These genotypes will contribute to developing basmati hybrids and provide restorers and maintainers with acceptable key basmati quality characteristics.  相似文献   

12.
The stylar products of the S‐locus for the gametophytic self‐incompatibility (GSI) system in the Rosaceae are ribonucleases (S‐RNases). Recently, sequences for 13 pear S‐RNase alleles have been published and named following a letter–symbol nomenclature (Sa to Sd and Sh to Sp). To establish the correspondence between these sequences and the self‐incompatibility alleles we have described previously (S1 to S5), we have amplified genomic DNA with consensus primers from the cultivars, ‘Williams’ (S1S2), ‘Coscia’ (S3S4), ‘Butirra Precoce Morettini’ (S1S3), ‘Santa Maria Morettini’ (S2S3) and ‘Doyenne du Comice’ (S4S5) and identified PCR products specifically associated with each S allele. Cloning and sequencing of the amplification products has revealed that they correspond to European pear sequences already deposited in the database. This allowed us to link S‐RNase sequences with S allele phenotypes and to determine a correspondence between the symbol–letter nomenclature used to name S‐RNase sequences and the number‐based nomenclature used to name S alleles. Based on this result the prediction of new cross‐incompatibilities among pear cultivars is discussed. Finally, we propose a unified number‐based nomenclature to avoid future confusion denominating S alleles in pear.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of elevated CO2 were investigated on seven Scandinavian varieties of oat. Three landraces (before 1920), two varieties of intermediate‐age (1920‐1940), and two recent varieties (after 1940) were exposed to two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (approx. 380 and 700 ppm). Elevated CO2 increased the yield 7% on average but with large variation between varieties. The yield‐response was variety specific and not related to the age of the variety. The mean seed number increased about 11%, with an increase in the landraces and diverging responses within the other age groups. The mean seed weight was reduced about 5.5%, with small changes within the landraces and diverging results within the two other age‐groups. The mean dry biomass was increased about 20%; the landraees had a marked increase in dry biomass, while the response in the other varieties ranged from a large increase to a small decrease. These different responses among varieties provide a spectrum of trait‐combinations desirable in breeding oats for different purposes. The quality of the seeds was not affected by the elevated CO2.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of the parental genotypes and colchicine treatment on the androgenic response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F1 hybrids was studied. For this, anthers from three F1 hybrids and their parents were cultured on W14 initiation medium and W14 supplemented with 0.03% colchicine. The number of responding anthers, microspore‐derived structures/100 anthers, green plants/embryos cultured, green plants/100 anthers and albino plants/100 anthers were recorded. It was observed that embryo formation and plant regeneration ability were genetically controlled and genotype dependent. In both treatments the variety Kavkaz had a significantly higher percentage of responding anthers, microspore‐derived structures and green plants/100 anthers than the other genotypes. On the other hand, the variety Myconos also demonstrated high microspore‐derived structure production and green plant regeneration when treated with colchicine. The good response observed in these two varieties indicates the importance of colchicine treatment only for certain genotypes. Green plant production capacity of the hybrids was intermediate to that of the parental varieties. As one parent with a high or even an intermediate response to anther culture could lead to the production of sufficient (for breeding purposes) green plants from the F1 hybrids, it was concluded that screening the inbred lines for the response to anther culture with and without colchicine treatment could contribute to utilization of breeding material with a low response to anther culture via the proper hybrid combinations.  相似文献   

15.
Y. N. Bai    J. Y. Gai 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(1):85-88
Based on previous work, a new cytoplasmic‐nuclear male‐sterile line NJCMS2A along with its maintainer NJCMS2B of soybean was released through four episodes of nuclear substitution backcrossing with male‐sterile plants of (N8855 × N1628)F2 as donor parent and N1628 as recurrent parent. The male sterility of NJCMS2A was complete and female fertility was normal. A series of restorers from different sources were screened out and evaluated. It was found that from the crosses between NJCMS2A and its restorers, two pairs of duplicate dominant genes, allelic to those of NJCMS1A, controlled the inheritance of fertility restorability of NJCMS2A.  相似文献   

16.
The photoperiod‐insensitive barley mutant ‘Atsel’, carrying the recessive gene ea7, was studied together with the donor variety ‘Atlas’ (wild‐type, Ea7) under different daylengths with the aim of analysing pleiotropic effects. Grown under long and short photoperiods ‘Atsel’ flowered about 10 days and 34 days, respectively, earlier than ‘Atlas’. The significantly shorter life‐cycle of the photoperiod‐insensitive mutant resulted in several changes of plant morphology. Tillering, plant height, number of leaves and number of internodes were reduced. A lower number of florets per main spike was observed for ‘Atsel’, but only in the long photoperiod experiment. Finally, photoperiod insensitivity combined with a lower grain yield per plant was most pronounced under long‐day treatment. The data are comparable with results obtained from single chromosome recombinant lines of wheat that have differences in their photoperiod response caused by the genes Ppd1 or Ppd2.  相似文献   

17.
In recent years, cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS) has been recognized as a potential danger to the stability of crop production and resistance to insect pests in sorghum. Therefore, the influence of CMS on the expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly was studied at the ICRISAT, Patancheru, India using the interlard fishmeal technique. The experimental material consisted of 12 restorer, 12 CMS and the maintainer lines, and their 144 F1 hybrids. Shoot fly‐resistant CMS lines were preferred for oviposition and had more damage because of deadhearts than the corresponding maintainer lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly‐resistant CMS × resistant restorer lines were significantly less preferred for oviposition than the hybrids based on other cross combinations and exhibited the highest frequency (69.1%) of shoot fly‐resistant hybrids. The hybrids based on glossy and trichomed parents had the highest frequency (>90%) of hybrids with glossy and trichome traits, emphasizing the need to transfer these traits into both parents for better expression in the F1 hybrids. The expression pattern of trichome density, leaf glossiness and leaf sheath pigmentation in the F1 hybrids and their parents suggested that the interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes possibly control the expression of traits associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly in the F1 hybrids.  相似文献   

18.
Four inbred lines of carrot (cytoplasmic male‐steriles and corresponding maintainers) and eight of their F1 hybrids were studied with the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to examine their genetic relationship and produce markers useful for testing hybrid seed purity. Eighty‐six polymorphic amplicons were identified in bulked DNA samples using eight primer pair combinations. Genetic distance was estimated on the basis of the presence or absence of polymorphic bands. The dendrogram plotted on the basis of the AFLP data closely represented the pedigree relationships of the lines and their hybrids. From one to six amplicons specific for a breeding line were identified. Most of them were also present in the DNA bulks of respective F1 hybrids. However, screening performed on individual plants of two parental lines and the corresponding hybrid indicated insufficient uniformity of parental lines, limiting the applicability of AFLP markers for testing hybrid seed purity.  相似文献   

19.
The main objective of the present study was to identify mitochondrial DNA based marker, which can distinguish male sterile and fertile counterparts of the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines used in production of rice hybrids. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis in CMS lines: IR58025A & IR62829A and their respective maintainers: IR58025B & IR62829B identified a polymorphic DNA fragment of about 510 bp size that was present in both CMS (A) and absent in their maintainer (B) lines. Sequencing followed by database analysis of the polymorphic fragment indicated about 97% similarity with mitochondrial NADH gene subunits of rice, maize and wheat. Based on the variable sequence regions, a site specific primer pair (BF-STS-401) was designed. PCR analysis showed that BF-STS-401 could amplify a strong band of 464 bp size in CMS and a faint band of the same size in maintainer line. To act as a positive control and avoid possible errors in PCR, BF-STS-401 was multiplexed with a new primer pair (BF-STS-402), derived from mitochondrial atp9 subunit of rice, producing monomorphic amplification indiscriminately in both CMS and maintainer lines. Both the primer pairs in combination clearly differentiated CMS lines from their corresponding maintainer lines. This primer combination was validated in a set of diverse genotypes consisting of different sources of CMS lines, restorer lines, hybrids, varieties and mixed samples from private seed companies. Our results suggested that the multiplex primer pairs developed in this study can be effectively utilized to assess the genetic purity in commercial seed lots of CMS lines and hybrids of rice.  相似文献   

20.
水稻广亲和品种对不同细胞质不育系恢复力的鉴定研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  
汤述翥  李国生 《作物学报》1999,25(2):137-144
选用BT型、HL型和WA型3种细胞质的不育系及相应保持系对16个广亲和品种的恢复力 进行测交鉴定,结果表明:(1)在同一细胞核背景下,BT型细胞质的可恢复性好于HL型细胞质,HL型细胞质又好于WA型细胞质。在同一不育细胞质背景下,釉稻不育系较粳稻不育系易恢复。(2)不同广亲和品种的恢复能力有较大差异:培矮64、培C311、轮回422  相似文献   

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