共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used in a variety of genetic studies in fisheries and aquaculture. Most population studies are performed without preliminary data demonstrating the Mendelian inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers. In this study, the inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers was examined in two consecutive generations of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Variability and segregation of RAPD markers were investigated in one F1 progeny and three F2 progenies. Seventy-four RAPD markers were generated by five primers using DNA extracted from the initial ornamental (koi) common carp female and wild-type colour common carp male. Fifty-five of these RAPD markers were transmitted to the F1 progeny and the inheritance patterns were analysed. Twenty RAPD markers were fully reproducible and demonstrated dominant simple Mendelian inheritance patterns in two consecutive generations. Twenty-four RAPD markers were not reproducible in all progenies. Thirteen markers displayed inheritance ratios in the progenies that did not fit simple Mendelian inheritance patterns. Non-reproducibility of RAPD markers and distorted ratios may be caused by the absence of amplification, poor amplification or by the appearance of artefact bands. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers with poor reproducibility and non-Mendelian inheritance can lead to misinterpretations of data in population studies, resulting in errors in the estimation of genetic diversity within and between individual populations. Therefore, it is recommended to first identify the set of reproducible RAPD markers that demonstrate Mendelian inheritance before application of the RAPD technique in population studies. 相似文献
2.
This study used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting for estimating genetic variation and species differentiation in three species of tilapia. A 16-mer random primer generated RAPD markers ranging from 250 to 2400 base pairs (bp). Genetic similarity estimates obtained by pairwise comparisons based on the method of Nei and Li (1979) indicated high genetic similarity (mean genetic similarity (± sd), 0.73 (± 0.15) for Nile tilapia; 0.78 (± 0.12) for Mozambique tilapia; and 0.87 (± 0.07) for Aureus tilapia) within each of the tilapia species. The average interspecies genetic similarities obtained among the three species were 0.59 (± 0.07) for Mozambique/Nile tilapia, 0.46 (± 0.09) for Aureus/Nile tilapia and 0.38 (± 0.07) for Aureus/Mozambique tilapia pair. DNA profiles generated in each species of tilapia were unique. A total of 13 RAPD markers differentiating the three species of tilapia were detected. Our study presented RAPD markers as a new class of useful genetic markers for assessment of genetic diversity and species differentiation in tilapia. 相似文献
3.
Minoru Funaki Makoto Nishizawa Takuji Sawaya Sadanobu Inoue Takashi Yamagishi 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):295-300
SUMMARY: The mineral (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn) contents in the holdfast of three brown algae of the genus Laminaria were determined to compare with those in frond and stipe. The wild and cultivated kelps of Laminaria japonica , L. ochotensis , and L. diabolica were used as samples. The K content was markedly high (11.76–14.91 g/100 g dry weight) in the holdfast of cultivated L. japonica; the K/Na ratio (3.88–5.18) of the holdfast was greater than those of frond and stipe as well as the reported values of frond (1.0–2.2). The content of Ca in the holdfasts of these three species was also higher than those in frond and stipe. The content of Mn showed the same tendency. This is the first report showing that the holdfast of L. japonica and L. diabolica is rich in minerals, especially K. 相似文献
4.
5.
4种笛鲷属鱼类随机扩增多态性DNA及遗传多样性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
使用RAPD技术分析了红鳍笛鲷、紫红笛鲷、勒氏笛鲷和约氏笛鲷的种内遗传多样性、种间遗传多样性和种间亲缘关系。在120个随机引物中筛选出扩增效果好的引物36个,平均每个引物在每个个体上产生7．7个条带。种内遗传多样性研究结果显示：遗传距离(D)分别为0．2257,0．2228,0．2679和0．2247;遗传多样性指数(H)分别为0．1854,0．1904,0．2015和0．1865。说明目前湛江近海这4种笛鲷的遗传多样性比较丰富,它们的种质资源仍处于一个良好的水平。种间遗传多样性结果显示：勒氏笛鲷与约氏笛鲷遗传距离(Dpq)最小,亲缘关系最密切,勒氏笛鲷与红鳍笛鲷种间Dpq最大,亲缘关系最远。 相似文献
6.
半滑舌鳎DNA的群体遗传变异 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
采用AFLP、RAPD和线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cytb)片段序列分析技术对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)群体遗传变异进行研究。分别采用5对选择性引物和18条随机引物对半滑舌鳎3个群体(黄海野生群体、渤海野生群体、养殖群体)进行分析。AFLP和RAPD分析结果表明,黄海群体的遗传多样性高于渤海群体,养殖群体的遗传多样性最低。利用Shannon多样性指数和基因分化系数进行遗传变异来源估算,结果表明,遗传变异主要来自于群体内。同其他鱼类相比,半滑舌鳎群体遗传多样性水平较低。对黄海、渤海野生群体共37个个体的线粒体Cytb基因片段序列进行分析,共检测出5种单倍型,渤海群体内个体序列完全相同,共享单倍型H1;在黄海群体中除检测到单倍型H1外,还检测到其余4种单倍型。Cytb序列分析结果表明,黄海群体遗传多样性较渤海群体丰富,个体间序列变异很小,个体间核苷酸差异数在0~1之间,两群体间无显著遗传差异。通过比较3种分子标记对半滑舌鳎群体间遗传差异的检测和群体间遗传距离的计算,显示AFLP标记对群体间遗传差异的检测最为灵敏,是一种理想的分子标记。 相似文献
7.
7种珍珠贝RAPD鉴别标记的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
采用RAPD分子标记技术对珠母贝属的大珠母贝、珠母贝、黑珠母贝、白珠母贝、合浦珠母贝、长耳珠母贝和珍珠贝属的企鹅珍珠贝的基因组DNA的特异性遗传标记进行分析。从21个OPM和S系列中筛选出4个引物,共扩增出57个位点,每条引物平均产生14·3个位点。扩增片段大小在250~2000bp间,平均每种贝每条引物产生4·9条带。其中引物S10对7种珍珠贝的RAPD产物呈现出物种的特异性,可同时将7种珍珠贝分开,其余引物可以将2种或2种以上的珍珠贝区别开来。引物S10可以作为种间鉴定的标记。 相似文献
8.
Mitochondrial DNA variation and population structure of the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Izumi Yamasaki Goro Yoshizaki Masashi Yokota Carlos A. Strüssmann Seiichi Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):299-309
ABSTRACT: The Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica is a common grapsid species found throughout freshwater and estuarine regions in Japan. In order to obtain information on the genetic variation and population structure of this species, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was conducted on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA, on 666 individuals from 19 sample sites covering the three main geographic regions of Japan (Main Islands, Okinawa, and Ogasawara). Genetic analysis using seven restriction enzymes produced an array of 61 composite haplotypes. Three regional groups corresponding to the three geographic regions were clearly identified by cluster and molecular variance model ( amova ) analyses. Each of the three groups showed dominant haplotypes that were almost completely absent in populations from the other geographic areas. Comparison with published information for other species indicates that the degree of genetic divergence between these three main groups is equivalent to the genetic distance between congeneric species. Thus, the population structure of the Japanese mitten crab, as inferred from mtDNA analysis, is formed by genetically distinct groups that closely reflect their geographic distribution in the Japanese archipelago as well as restricted gene flow. 相似文献
9.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to two morphologically similar species of the increasingly popular ornamental eel‐loaches, Pangio filinaris and P. piperata, collected from Kemat River, Terengganu and Padang Sanai River, Kedah, West Malaysia. Forty primers were tested in a preliminary screening. Of these, five (OPA‐03, OPA‐09, OPA‐11, OPA‐13 and OPA‐18) were chosen for their ability to provide consistent amplification. RAPD analysis differentiated the two species, with each showing different RAPD patterns for each primer used. The five primers generated a total of 82 scorable loci with up to 83% and 60% polymorphism in P. piperata and P. filinaris respectively. The RAPD banding patterns of these two species ranged from 2 to 14 fragments, with a size range of 250–2000 bp. Genetic similarity within species ranged from 0.610 to 0.985 (mean 0.799±0.14) for P. piperata and from 0.824 to 0.934 (mean 0.885±0.04) for P. filinaris respectively. The interspecies genetic similarity ranged from 0.386 to 0.486 with an average value of 0.434±0.040. Our study revealed RAPDs as useful genetic markers for the taxonomic clarification and assessment of genetic variability of the eel‐loaches. 相似文献
10.
中国对虾5个地理群体的RAPD分析 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对取自辽东湾、渤海湾、海州湾、乳山湾及海洋岛5个群体的中国对虾共95个个体的遗传多样性进行分析。14个随机引物共检测出103个位点(200～2500bp),各群体的多态位点比例在31．07％～34．95％之间。遗传距离显示中国对虾群体间有一定遗传分化,其中辽东湾和乳山湾群体问的遗传距离最大(0．0742),而辽东湾和渤海湾群体间的遗传距离最小(为0．0243),群体间的遗传分化系数为0．2083。整体来看,中国对虾的遗传变异水平较低,遗传多态度为0．1621。用UPGMA对5个群体进行聚类分析,构建谱系关系图。 相似文献
11.
Evaluation of genetic relationship among six Labeo species using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Paramananda Das Harendra Prasad Prem Kumar Meher Ashoktaru Barat & Ranjit Kumar Jana 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(6):564-569
Labeo species constitute an important group of fish with intense diversity and potential for commercial aquaculture in many Southeast Asian nations including the Indian subcontinent. The present investigation involves the comparative analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of six Labeo species viz., L. bata (bata), L. calbasu (calbasu), L. dyocheilus (dyocheilus), L. fimbriatus (fimbriatus), L. gonius (gonius) and L. rohita (rohu) at the nuclear DNA variation level. Fifteen decamer random primers were chosen from 40, which amplified a total of 449 DNA fragments ranging in size from 400 to 3000 bp. Both monomorphic and polymorphic DNA bands were identified based on their presence or absence that could be used for specieswise differentiation. Similarity coefficients were calculated to quantify the genetic variation within and between species. On an average, the highest intra‐species genetic similarity value was found in calbasu (0.93) followed by rohu and fimbriatus (0.91), bata (0.87), gonius (0.86) and dyocheilus (0.77). The interspecies genetic similarity estimates among the species of Labeo were used to deduce their phylogenetic relationships. The cluster analysis showed two main clusters, one with calbasu, rohu, fimbriatus and gonius and another with bata and dyocheilus. The study provides evidence that RAPD could be used for genetic differentiation of closely related species. 相似文献
12.
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,对中国对虾“黄海1号”快速生长的第6代群体同一养殖池中生长性状发生分离的两个极端群体、海捕的中国对虾对照群体,进行生长相关遗传标记的筛选。采用240个RAPD引物,共产生标记数2156个。筛选出与生长性状相关的遗传标记65个,其中正相关标记55个,负相关标记10个。依据这些标记在群体中出现的频率和变化规律,筛选出9个特异性标记,其中正相关标记7个,负相关标记两个。对这些特异性标记进行序列测定,获得了6个完整的DNA序列(Genebank注册号DQ185932-DQ185937),并将测序结果进行BLAST分析,发现测得DNA的序列与数据库中已注册序列的相似性较低,未能找到同源性较高的功能基因。根据每一序列重新设计引物,已有两个RAPD标记成功转化为稳定的SCAR标记。 相似文献
13.
为获取3个食用海带(Saccharina japonica)新品系(“海天1号”、“海天2号”、“海天3号”)和“黄官1号”海带的遗传多样性和遗传结构信息,为海带种质保存及新品系培育提供理论依据,本研究采用SSR分子标记技术,从20对SSR引物中筛选出8对扩增效果好的引物,对4个海带品系的120个样本进行了种群遗传分析.结果显示,8对引物共检测到28个具有多态性的等位基因,9个特异性等位基因,平均每对引物检测到等位基因数为4.6250个.4个海带品系的Nei's基因多样性(H)和香农指数(I)平均值分别为0.3809和0.6702,遗传多样性水平偏低,且亲缘关系较近.其中,“海天1号”海带的H、I值最高,多态性位点最多,遗传多样性优于其他3个海带品系. “海天2号”、“海天3号”和“黄官1号”海带遗传多样性水平依次降低.聚类分析结果显示,“海天1号”与“海天3号”海带亲缘关系最近,而与“黄官1号”海带亲缘关系最远.AMOVA分析显示,4个海带品系92.06％的变异来源于品系内部,7.94％的变异来源于品系间.“黄官1号”海带的遗传多样性在4个海带品系中最低,以其作为亲本培育新品种时,应注意提高子代的遗传多样性.遗传多样性最高的是“海天l号”,可充分利用其优点培育优良的新品系. 相似文献
14.
Muniyandi Nagarajan Mohamed Abdulkather Haniffa Achamveetil Gopalakrishnan Valaparambil Saidumohammad Basheer & Abdul Muneer 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(12):1151-1155
Genetic variations between Channa punctatus populations collected from three rivers of south India were examined using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Sixty samples from each population were collected. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood samples. Out of the 20 primers tested, six primers were used for genetic variation studies. A total of 42 RAPD bands were amplified in C. punctatus by the six primers. The total number of bands observed ranged from 34 in the Quilon population to 37 in the Thirunelveli population. Among the three populations, the highest genetic identity (0.9231) was found between Thirunelveli and Quilon populations. The results of the present study demonstrated that Thirunelveli and Quilon populations are more related to each other than to the Coimbatore population. 相似文献
15.
Variability in pathogenicity of Flavobacterium columnare makes disease treatment difficult because there is currently no way to easily recognize those strains that warrant aggressive treatments. In order to identify suitable virulence markers, 17 isolates of F. columnare were cultured from six different fish species. The DNA from all isolates was analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Bootstrap analysis of the RAPD data produced a tree with three major groups supported by bootstrap scores of 80-100%. Virulence of the isolates was determined by bath exposure of channel catfish, Ictaluruspunctatus (Rafinesque), and golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill), to broth cultures of F. columnare. In channel catfish, 13 of 17 isolates produced 100% mortality within 48 h post-exposure. All isolates of cyprinid fish origin clustered in a single RAPD group. At least two of the four isolates that were not virulent in channel catfish were of cyprinid fish origin. There was a wide variation in cell morphology between isolates with lengths of cells or cell chains ranging from 3 to 11 microm, even under identical culture conditions. Most of the shorter or single cell isolates fell into a single RAPD group. No clear association was identified between virulence and any other characteristic, including RAPD group. 相似文献
16.
In this study, three molecular markers including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) were used to evaluate genetic variation of green tiger prawn Penaeus semisulcatus collected from two geographically isolated environments; located in the Manifa, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia and Ataka, Suez Gulf, Egypt. Genetic parameters included the percentage of polymorphism (P%), effective alleles (Ne), Nei genetic diversity (H) and Shannon index (I), which were calculated based on molecular data. All three marker systems distinguished genetic variation of P. semisulcatus in various levels. The highest polymorphism (91.30%) was obtained with SSR, followed by ISSR (82.26%) and RAPD markers (62.04%), respectively. Our results indicate that SSR appeared to be the best suited molecular assay for assessing the genetic variation between genotypes of P. semisulcatus. The present study indicated that Manifa and Ataka genotypes were closely related. Moreover, the analysis of variability could require more than one DNA‐based molecular marker techniques. 相似文献
17.
18.
A.A. Fernando L.C. Lim K. Jeyaseelan S.W. Teng M.C. Liang C.K. Yeo 《Aquarium Sciences and Conservation》1997,1(2):91-104
Since 1975,CITES has listed the dragon fish, Scleropages formosus, as anendangered species. In 1995, a captive-bred population was set upby a commercial fish farm with assistance from the PrimaryProduction Department in Singapore. Other farms in Indonesia andMalaysia followed suit. These populations have contributed to animmediate conservation of the species. Due to very high demandfor this ornamental fish, these venues may be its last sanctuary.DNA fingerprints of the dragon fish were obtained by different methods from the green, red and gold varieties grown in a Singapore fish farm to determine which method was most suitable in providing information on genetic variability. Because a DNA fingerprint is a pattern made up of DNA fragments that are resolved by electrophoresis, each individual has its own unique fingerprint due to a genetic make-up different from another individual. Thus, genetic variability was best studied by developing DNA fingerprints.Firstly, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were obtained. DNA fragments formed by cleavage with nine restriction endonucleases used singly were hybridized individually to four non-radioactively labelled probes to give RFLPs. The RFLPs for each variety were similar and genomic DNA from each variety had many binding sites to the probes. This made differentiating RFLPs specific to individual varieties difficult. Secondly, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints were developed. DNA fragments that were resolved on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel were hybridized to seven arbitrary primers used singly. RAPD fingerprints for each variety were different for each primer tested. The similarity index indicated low genetic variability between varieties. Lastly, DNA was screened for microsatellite loci which refer to short tandem repeats of two or three bases. The occurrence of other microsatellite loci, their chromosome location and frequency is being investigated while primers have been designed to detect more loci by the polymerase chain reaction. As this method provides undisputed and reproducible evidence of relatedness and stock identification, and can be applied for long-term management of domesticated populations through pedigree construction and evaluation of heterozygosity, it is the preferred choice to determine genetic variability 相似文献
19.
- 1. Spanish populations of the white‐clawed crayfish have declined sharply over the last three decades. Although Austropotamobius pallipes was once widely distributed and very abundant in most of the limestone basins of the country, outbreaks of crayfish plague since 1978 have reduced its populations, and now only some 500–600 small populations are left.
- 2. Consequently, the species now enjoys protection under national legislation. Management decisions regarding the conservation of a threatened species require an understanding of the genetic structure of its populations.
- 3. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting the genetic variability of 11 populations of A. pallipes was assessed over the species' range in Spain, and their phylogenetic relationships determined.
- 4. Substantial genetic differentiation was detected among the populations tested; no clear relationship was found between patterns of genetic variability and hydrological basin. The RAPD markers showed the degree of genetic variability of these populations to be similar to, and in some cases slightly higher than, that reported in previous studies on other Spanish and European populations of A. pallipes.
- 5. The results offer hope for the recovery of this species in Spain, and provide information that might be useful in the management of crayfish reintroduction programmes.
20.
欧、美中华绒螯蟹源于中国长江水系中华绒螯蟹的遗传证据 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用包括Z2和Opp17两个10碱基随机引物在内的10个引物,对来自荷兰斯科克莱（Skodely)、美国加州圣何塞（San Jose)的中华绒螯蟹群体与中国长江水系中华绒螯蟹群体进行RAPD遗传比较分析。结果发现：（1）中华绒螯蟹群体特有的Z2引物扩增的700bp标记带（Z2^700bp）,在荷兰与美国2个中华绒螯蟹群体中同时出现,而不出现日本绒螯蟹南流江种群中特有的880bp标记带（Z2^880bp）,表明欧洲、美国中华绒螯蟹与中国中华绒螯蟹为同种Eriocheir sinensis,而非日本绒螯蟹Eriocheir japonicus;（2）Opp17引物扩增的947bp片段在中国长江、荷兰及美国3个中华绒螯蟹群体内的出现频率均达100%。结合Z2引物扩增结果,欧洲与美国中华绒螯蟹群体极可能是从中国长江水系中华绒螯蟹引入繁衍的。 相似文献