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烟草钾营养的基因型差异及烤烟育种中应用研究Ⅰ.烟叶钾含量的基因型差异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为探明烟叶含钾量的基因型差异,对104份烟草基因型上、中、下部烟叶含钾量进行了系统测定.结果表明,烟叶含钾量存在明显的基因型差异,不同烟草基因型间上部叶含钾量在1.10%±0.51%～4.46%±0.51%之间,中部叶含钾量在1.50%±0.63%～4.82%±0.63%之间,下部烟叶含钾量在2.14%±0.89%～6.53%±0.89%之间;上、中、下部叶随着部位的升高,烟叶含钾量下降,而烟叶含钾量的变异系数则相反;烟草基因型间烟叶含钾量的分布次数为非对等的、中间多、两端少的分布趋势;YZ99-2,9411,9306,革新3号,中烟98,台烟7号,岩烟97等可作为高钾亲本应用于高钾烤烟新品种的选育. 相似文献
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中国烟叶含钾量研究现状及其提高途径探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来，由于钾肥用量的增加，施肥技术的改进．我国烟叶含钾量有了一定提高，但尚未达到优质水平。从我国烟叶令钾量的现状、钾素在烟株内的积累与分配规律、影响因素、提高烟叶含钾量的技术途径四个方面综述了近年我国烟叶含钾量的研究现状及进展，并对今后进一步提高我国烟叶含钾量的途径进行了探讨。 相似文献
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高钾植物DNA导入栽培烟草引起后代性状变异研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用花粉管通道法将高钾植物空心莲子草、商陆和马齿苋的总体DNA导入栽培烟草品种K326中,以引起后代烟叶含钾量大幅度提高。结果表明:3种供体植物DNA导入烤烟后,D0代15%的烟株烟叶钾含量高于2.5%,其中有1株烟叶钾含量高达5.06%。导入后的D9代6个株系的主要农艺性状与受体(K326)相比,株高、叶数、节距和生育期均无多大变化,而在叶面积(长×宽)、茎围和产量3个性状方面与受体相比有较大变化。6个新品系的烟叶含钾量均比对照(K326)有较大的提高,除CD9-08的差异达显著水平外,其它5个新品系均达极显著水平。高钾植物DNA导入栽培烟草,显著改变了受体群体烟叶钾含量,证明导入是有效的。 相似文献
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海南岛胶园土壤的钾素状况 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文测定海南岛各地不同母质发育的橡胶园土壤全钾、缓效钾、速效钾及胶树叶片钾素养分含量,结果表明,由玄武岩、浅海沉积物发育的土壤其钾素含量都很低,全钾量常低于0.3％,这类土壤的钾素供应能力极低,生长在这类土壤的橡胶树钾素营养不足,叶片含钾量仅0.75％左右,必须施用钾肥。由花岗岩、花岗-片麻岩、砂页岩、石灰岩等发育的土壤全钾、缓效钾都较高,速效钾含量最高可达100ppm以上,生长在这类土壤的橡胶树钾素营养一般是丰富的,叶片含钾量在1％以上,甚至高达1.6％,因此,一般不需施用钾肥,只有在氮磷极丰富或胶树开割投产多年后,或施用刺激剂采胶以提高产胶量,或更新后土地再利用时才要适当施用钾肥。 相似文献
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通过钾素供应水平与甘蔗苗期基部混合组织、＋３叶片、＋５叶鞘含钾量以及蔗茎产量之间的关系研究表明：甘蔗幼嫩组织含钾量因土壤供钾水平不同而存在明显差异，株龄３～４月时，＋３叶片全钾及＋５叶鞘汁液水溶性钾含量与土壤速效钾供应水平有显著的相关性。在正常供水条件下（叶片水分含量＞６５％，叶鞘水分含量＞８０％），当苗期基部混合组织汁液水溶性Ｋ＜１７００×１０－６，伸长期＋３叶片全钾（干基）＜１．３５％、＋５叶鞘汁液水溶性Ｋ＜６５０×１０－６时，提高钾素供应水平，蔗株组织含钾量和蔗茎产量都随之提高。这些组织含钾量能反映出钾素营养供应的丰缺状况。 相似文献
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采用水培试验方法研究16种供钾水平对香蕉营养生长和钾素营养吸收积累的影响.结果表明:当溶液中的钾离子浓度在225mg/L以下时,香蕉的干物质积累量、含钾量及吸钾量随着供钾水平的增加而增加;当溶液中的钾离子浓度在225～520mg/L之间时,随着供钾水平的增加,香蕉的干物质积累量、含钾量及吸钾量的增加不显著;当溶液中的钾离子浓度达到600 mg/L时,香蕉的干物质积累量和吸钾量出现下降.香蕉干物质相对产量与溶液中的供钾浓度的响应方程为:y=-0.000401 x2+0.307 6x+45.676(R2=0.881**).计算得到香蕉缺钾临界值为228 mg/L,适宜的供钾浓度为228～539mg/L. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献