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1.
《中国油料作物学报》2015,(5)
为大豆田间大造桥虫发生危害的预测和防控提供依据。以大豆为寄主食料,研究了22、25、28、31、34℃共5个温度处理对大造桥虫各虫态的发育历期、发育速率、存活率和成虫繁殖的影响,测算了各虫态的有效积温。结果表明:在22~31℃范围内,各虫态发育历期均随温度升高而缩短,且卵、幼虫、预蛹及蛹期的发育速率与温度呈显著正相关;34℃高温对卵发育有明显抑制作用,1~5龄幼虫可以正常发育,但6龄幼虫无法存活;卵在22~28℃时孵化率均在98%以上,幼虫及蛹的存活率均在28℃时最高。大造桥虫卵、幼虫和预蛹的发育起点温度分别为6.68,9.10和10.97℃,有效积温分别为88.96,333.41和33.97日·度。成虫单雌产卵量在31℃时最高为754.83粒,28℃时次之为726.28粒。 相似文献
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人心果斑螟生物学特性及防治的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用变温法则测定室内自然变温条件下饲养的人心果斑螟(Nephopteryx sp.)各虫态发育起点温度及世代发育有效积温,结果是发育起点温度为卵13.23℃,幼虫17.71℃,蛹9.66℃,成虫6.11℃,全世代平均11.68℃,完成一世代的有效积温为408.4日度。用1/100毫米读数显微测微尺逐个测定幼虫头宽值,通过众数原理计算,幼虫有5个龄期,各龄期头宽值(毫米)分别为1龄0.316,2龄0.708,3龄1.126,4龄1.401,5龄1.668。通过室内化学毒力测定,杀卵和幼虫的有效农药有80%敌敌畏乳剂、50%甲胺磷乳剂等。 相似文献
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杀虫剂对二化螟卵寄生性天敌稻螟赤眼蜂室内安全性评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在实验室条件下测定了6类13种杀虫剂对二化螟卵寄生性天敌稻螟赤眼蜂的直接和间接影响。喷雾法处理稻株不同时间后,噻嗪酮、虫酰肼、呋喃虫酰肼、氟铃脲对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂存活和雌蜂产卵寄生基本没有不利影响,氟虫腈、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、三唑磷对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂存活有极明显不利影响,成蜂接触用药处理2 d和7 d稻叶的死亡率分别为100％和800%~98.9%。用氟虫腈、三唑磷处理7 d的稻叶对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂寄生能力无不利影响,而噻虫嗪处理有显著影响。采用卵卡浸渍法测定药剂对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂影响的结果表明,吡虫啉、三唑磷、氟虫腈、毒死蜱能显著影响F0代成蜂存活、寄生及F1代成蜂羽化。采用浸渍法处理内含卵期、幼虫期、预蛹期、蛹期稻螟赤眼蜂的寄生卵时,噻嗪酮、虫酰肼、呋喃虫酰肼对成蜂羽化没有不利影响,羽化率达81.4%~91.8%;氟铃脲对蛹、甲维盐对卵和蛹、噻虫嗪对卵也基本没有不利影响,这些药剂对其他虫态有不同程度的影响;甲胺磷、吡虫啉、三唑磷、氟虫腈、毒死蜱、异丙威、敌敌畏等对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂羽化有极明显不利影响。说明昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮、虫酰肼、呋喃虫酰肼对稻螟赤眼蜂没有直接和间接的不利影响,因而使用这些药剂防治水稻害虫时,它们对起自然控制作用的稻螟赤眼蜂是友好的。 相似文献
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软枝黄蝉提取物对椰心叶甲的杀虫活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室内测定了软枝黄蝉提取物对椰心叶甲的生物活性。结果表明,软枝黄蝉提取物对椰心叶甲5龄幼虫具有很强的毒杀作用,48 h、72 h的LC50值分别为0.466和0.173 mg/mL;在供试浓度为0.75～2 mg/L时,对椰心叶甲也有显著的杀卵作用,其卵孵化率和幼虫存活率均在45%以下;对椰心叶甲5龄幼虫还有明显的抑制生长发育作用,表现为体重和体重增加量显著下降,幼虫龄期和蛹期延长,化蛹率和成虫羽化率显著降低;此外,软枝黄蝉提取物对椰心叶甲5龄幼虫还有一定的触杀作用,48和72 h的LC50分别为5.780和3.754 mg/mL。 相似文献
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腰果云翅斑螟的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
腰果云翅斑螟(Nephop teryx sp.)是我国腰果的新害虫,其幼虫蛀食坚果及果梨,据1985年调查最高为害率达60.2％。幼嫩坚果被蛀食后,种仁无法形成,最后导致干枯;较老的坚果被蛀食后,种仁扭曲,降低商品价值;果梨被蛀食后,引起腐烂。腰果云翅斑螟一代需时30～34天。此虫的发生与腰果结果期相吻合。成虫白天躲于枝条上,其活动盛期在傍晚及清晨;一头雌成虫最高产卵量125粒,卵产于果腹、果蒂、果柄及花萼萼片处;幼虫5龄;化蛹场所主要在植株冠幅下离土表约1厘米深的土中。建议喷射敌敌畏或杀螟松并结合摘除带虫果及收集落地被害果,挖掘蛹等综合措施对此虫进行防治。 相似文献
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探讨钩枝藤总生物碱及3个单体化合物[(1)Ancistrocline,(2)5′-O-demethylhamatintine,(3)N-methylphylline]对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒杀活性,旨在开发新型植物源农药。采用浸虫法测定钩枝藤总碱对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒杀活性和采用饲料混毒法测定钩枝藤单体化合物对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫毒杀活性。结果表明：钩枝藤总碱对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫具有较强的毒杀作用,其第3天和第5天的LC50值分别为2.61 mg/mL和0.91 mg/mL。单体化合物对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫具有明显的抑制生长发育作用,其中以化合物(2)抑制作用最强,主要表现为化蛹率（23.33％）、羽化率（13.33％）显著低于对照（化蛹率90.00％、羽化率86.67％）。 相似文献
7.
为探讨尖锥额野螟卵和幼虫生长发育和温度之间的关系,在室内利用人工气候箱,分别对17,21,25,29,33℃条件下卵及各龄幼虫的发育历期、发育速率、发育起点温度和有效积温及幼虫存活率进行了研究。结果表明:尖锥额野螟在17~33℃的温度范围内,卵及各龄幼虫的发育历期均随温度的升高而缩短,发育速率随温度升高而加快,采用线性回归模型和Logistic模型对卵及各龄幼虫的发育速率进行模拟分析,两种模型均能较好地反映出环境温度与卵及各龄幼虫发育速度的关系。温度对尖锥额野螟各龄幼虫存活率有一定影响,33℃高温下其存活率显著低于其他温度处理,不利于尖锥额野螟幼虫的生长发育。综合各温度下幼虫发育历期和存活率,其适宜环境温度应为25~29℃。尖锥额野螟卵的发育起点温度为9.82℃,有效积温为63.54℃·d,幼虫的发育起点温度为8.89℃,有效积温为276.50℃·d。 相似文献
8.
人心果斑螟是危害人心果的主要新害虫,幼虫蛀食果实、花蕾及嫩梢,果实被害率平均达42.3％。在海南岛年发生10～11代,一世代需时28～35天;成虫夜出性,产卵量9～123粒,多产于果实表面;幼虫4～5龄,老龄幼虫多在果内化蛹;成虫羽化时间多在20—24时。清除被害果,修剪受荫枝,禁止虫果外运,是较为简便的防治方法。 相似文献
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荔枝叶瘿蚊的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
荔枝叶瘿蚊(Mayetiola sp)是国内首次报导的荔枝新害虫。在广州一年发生6代,以幼虫在被害叶上越冬。蛹期11—14天,成虫寿命1—2天,卵期2—4天,幼虫期14—39天。越冬幼虫期可达240余天。成虫产卵于嫩叶背面,幼虫孵出后侵入叶肉并发育形成疱状突起的虫瘿,通常一叶多瘿。幼虫老熟后离瘿入土化蛹,大多数是被蛹,但也有围蛹。本文描述了各期虫态的形态特征。温湿度及荔枝品种对叶瘿蚊种群数量影响极大,“三月红”对其幼虫有高度的生理抗性。目前已发现5种瘿内幼虫的寄生蜂。每年春天,于越冬幼虫离瘿入土或成虫羽化出土前用辛硫磷进行土表施药,对压低第一代虫口密度效果显著;氧化乐果或喹硫磷、杀虫双、杀虫单、敌杀死等与敌百虫混合喷雾对卵及初孵幼虫均有明显的防效。 相似文献
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为明确市售昆虫病原线虫制剂对蜂巢小甲虫（Aethina tumida）幼虫和蛹的致病力,为该害虫的防治提供新的技术措施,室内采用浸渍法、土壤法测定了5种不同品系昆虫病原线虫对蜂巢小甲虫末龄老熟幼虫和蛹的致病力,采用土壤法测定了小卷蛾斯氏线虫（Steinernema carpocapsae All）不同施用时间、不同施用剂量对蜂巢小甲虫幼虫致病力的影响。浸渍法生物测定结果表明,5种不同品系昆虫病原线虫对蜂巢小甲虫幼虫的致病力差异很大,其中小卷蛾斯氏线虫All侵染4 d、12 d后,蜂巢小甲虫幼虫的校正死亡率分别为67.50%±0.05%和72.36%±3.14%,均显著高于其他品系。土壤法生物测定结果表明,昆虫病原线虫对蜂巢小甲虫幼虫具有明显的致死作用,其中小卷蛾斯氏线虫All对蜂巢小甲虫幼虫的侵染效果达100%,显著高于其他线虫品系。蜂巢小甲虫幼虫入土后,按不同时间顺序施用小卷蛾斯氏线虫All,结果表明14 d前施用均能取得良好的防治效果。侵染期线虫小卷蛾斯氏线虫All与蜂巢小甲虫幼虫数量之比大于213∶1时,防治效果最佳。因此小卷蛾斯氏线虫All具有防治蜂巢小甲虫的潜力,可在发生蜂巢小甲虫危害的蜂场推荐使用。 相似文献
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本研究以广西桂林柑桔园黑刺粉虱（Aleurocanthus spiniferus）为对象,采用田间调查该粉虱卵、若虫、蛹和成虫的方法,研究了该粉虱的种群消长规律。结果表明：广西桂林柑桔园每年3月中旬—12月上旬的气温可满足黑刺粉虱的生长发育需要,2015—2017年间黑刺粉虱种群变动较大,黑刺粉虱卵至蛹全年发生高峰在5月中旬—7月上旬,其次在8月下旬—9月上旬;而成虫全年发生高峰在5月上旬,其次则在9月上中旬。本研究表明每年5—9月是桂林柑桔园黑刺粉虱自然种群增长较快的时期,生产上应用密切关注这一时期的该粉虱种群动态,并根据其危害情况及时采取必要的防治措施。 相似文献
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Spinetoram is a fermentation insecticide, derived from the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. It works by disrupting the GABA-gated chloride channels and by causing persistent activation of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spinetoram for control of neonate larvae of both oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) and codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella (L.) in semi-field and laboratory trials. OFM and CM neonate larvae responded similarly to spinetoram, which showed high efficacy on both species. In semi-field experiments, regression analysis of the percentage of damaged fruits as a function of days after treatment showed a better performance of the highest spinetoram dose (10 g a.i./hl) in comparison with the maximum recommended field dose of the reference product emamectin benzoate (2.85 g a.i./hl). Surface-treated diet assays revealed LC50 values of 6.59 and 8.44 ng a.i./cm2 for neonate larvae of OFM and CM larvae, respectively. High percentages of mortality were recorded on both species after 24-h exposure to treated diet. For these reasons spinetoram could be considered a valuable tool in IPM strategies for OFM and CM control. 相似文献
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了解不同植物对植食性昆虫生物学特性的影响是昆虫-植物互作研究的基础,对制定有效的害虫防控策略具有重要意义。入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）可能危害的植物多达353种,但大多数寄主植物对其生物学特性的影响尚不清楚。采集植物新鲜叶片饲喂植食性昆虫幼虫是研究的通用方法,而此方法受气候、地理位置、植物生长周期等条件的限制。以玉米（Zea mays）为参照,选取玉米农田及其周边的6种作物和杂草为试验材料,包括大豆（Glycine max）、豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）、番薯（Ipomoea batatas）、艾草（Artemisia argyi）、油麦菜（Lactuca sativa）和黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）。将上述植物的新鲜叶片统一采集、磨成粉末,按1%比例掺入人工饲料中,分别用这些饲料喂养草地贪夜蛾幼虫,观测其存活（幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率）、生长（幼虫增重、蛹重、相对生长率）、发育历期（幼虫期、预蛹期、蛹期）和食物利用情况（相对消耗率、近似消化率、食物转化率、消化转化率）等,探究草地贪夜蛾取食这7种植物后的生物学特性。为验证植物叶片粉末饲料喂养方法的可行性,同时采集上述植物的新鲜叶片分别喂养草地贪夜蛾幼虫。结果显示大豆、豇豆是草地贪夜蛾适宜的寄主植物;而番薯、艾草、油麦菜对草地贪夜蛾的生长发育具有抑制作用,若将其运用于玉米间作系统中,可减轻草地贪夜蛾的为害。运用层次分析法建立指标评价体系进行量化评分,结果表明,植物粉末饲料和新鲜叶片喂养的效应一致,且前者限制条件少、操作简便,可较好地评估农田植物对草地贪夜蛾生物学特性的影响。 相似文献
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寻找和开发安全有效的植物性杀虫剂,以丰富植物源农药的来源,填补化学农药禁限用留下的空白。甲醇冷浸提取法制备辽细辛、石楠藤、金狮藤等16种中草药的提取物,采用无限量取食法,测定了对家蝇成虫的活性,采用幼虫浸液法,测定了对埃及伊蚊四龄幼虫的活性。结果表明:在10mg/mL浓度下,处理家蝇48h后,辽细辛、石楠藤、金狮藤、单叶细辛校正死亡率分别为100%、100%、100%和98.33%,LC50值分别为0.1483、0.1544、3.5277和2.4292mg/mL,三叶鱼藤LC50值为0.9080 mg/mL;在0.5 mg/mL浓度下处理埃及伊蚊四龄幼虫48 h,辽细辛、石楠藤、金狮藤、单叶细辛、厚朴校正死亡率分别为100%、100%、100%、100%和100%,LC50值分别为0.0046、0.0094、0.0570、0.0658和0.0504 mg/mL,三叶鱼藤为0.1194 mg/mL。辽细辛、石楠藤、单叶细辛、金狮藤对两种试虫均表现出优良的杀虫活性,均优于或接近三叶鱼藤活性。 相似文献
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Spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole are new insecticides with novel mode of actions, low mammalian toxicity and low impact to environment. In the present study, the efficacy of these insecticides was tested against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on concrete. Among the tested insecticides, spinetoram proved to be more effective, providing complete control of T. confusum adults and young larvae after 14 days of exposure. For the young larvae, thiamethoxam at the highest dose and chlorantraniliprole at both doses were equally effective with spinetoram. On the other hand, none of the tested insecticides were able to control T. confusum pupae. Moreover, none of the insecticides had ovicidal effect, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole in some combinations. From the mobile life stages, the most tolerant life stages were old larvae and the most susceptible young larvae. The presence of food (flour) moderated T. confusum mortality. From the results of the present study, we can conclude that spinetoram, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole showed potential and need be further evaluated for surface treatments in stored product facilities. Our work underlined the need for good cleaning and sanitation procedures in warehouses and food processing facilities. 相似文献
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Shakil Ahmad Adil Hussain Farman Ullah Momana Jamil Asad Ali Saqib Ali Yanping Luo 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(5)
Radiation is considered as a promising insect pest control strategy for minimizing postharvest yield losses. Among various techniques, irradiation is a method of choice as it induces lethal biochemical or molecular changes that cause a downstream cascade of abrupt physiological abnormalities at the cellular level. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 60Co-γ radiation on various developmental stages of Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett and subsequent carry-over effects on the progeny. For this purpose, we treated eggs with 30- and 50-Gy radiation doses of 60Co-γ. We found that radiation significantly affected cellular antioxidants, insect morphology, and gene expression profiles. Our results indicate that in response to various doses of irradiation reactive oxygen species, catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were increased along with a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We observed higher mortality rates during the pupal stage of the insects that hatched from irradiated eggs (50 Gy). Furthermore, the life span of the adults was reduced in response to 50 Gy radiation. The negative effects carried over to the next generation were marked by significantly lower fecundity in the F1 generation of the irradiation groups as compared to control. The radiation induced morphological abnormalities at the pupal, as well as the adult, stages. Furthermore, variations in the gene expression following irradiation are discussed. Taken together, our results signify the utility of 60Co-γ radiation for fruit fly postharvest management. 相似文献
19.
The rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a leaf-feeding pest and the physical and chemical nature of the rice leaf affects its feeding, survival and fecundity. We examined changes in the survival rates of larvae and pupae, pupal weight and the number of eggs laid by adult females developed from a resistant variety (Huaidao 9) and a susceptible variety (Yangjing 9538) in hydroponic solutions containing different concentrations of magnesium (Mg). The concentration of Mg in the hydroponic solution significantly affected the survival rates of the larvae and pupae, the pupal weights and the numbers of eggs laid. Larval survival rates on the resistant variety were significantly higher for fourth instars exposed to 60 and 80 ppm Mg and pupae exposed to 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm Mg than those for the control treatment (without Mg). For the susceptible variety, survival rates of first, second and third instars were significantly higher at high concentrations of Mg than those under control conditions. In addition, the number of eggs laid by adult females increased with increasing Mg concentrations, though there was a slight decrease at 80 ppm compared to 60 ppm. These results indicate that Mg is beneficial to the development, survival and fecundity of C. medinalis. They further suggest that high levels of nitrogen fertilizer in rice fields favour outbreaks of this pest because application of nitrogen elevates the chlorophyll content and Mg levels in the rice leaf. 相似文献
20.
B. Dasrat A. Rajkumar C. Richards-Haynes C. Quashie-Williams D. Eastwood 《Crop Protection》1997,16(8):723-726
In 1989, a mass production and field release programme of Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the control of the Diatraea spp., particularly D. centrella (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugar-cane, was initiated by the Guyana Sugar Corporation. The programme was terminated in 1995 after the release of approximately two million adult parasites resulted in a mean field parasitism in Diatraea spp. larvae of only 0.22%. In contrast, 62% of Diatraea spp. larvae were parasitised in vitro as were 32% of larvae in young cane shoots exposed to A. pyralophagus in the laboratory. Neither Diatraea larvae in young cane plants caged in the field nor those recovered from Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc. and Paspalum virgatum L. around release fields showed any parasitism by A. pyralophagus. The reasons for the low rate of host acquisition outside the laboratory are not known, but it is clear that A. pyralophagus offers little prospect for significant control of Diatraea spp., particularly D. centrella in sugar-cane in Guyana. 相似文献